How does snake venom kill prey? How is venom toxicity measured?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1.Snakes use their venom cautiously, injecting amounts sufficient to disable prey or to defend against predators. Snake venom works by breaking down cells and tissues, which can lead to paralysis, internal bleeding, and death for the snake bite victim.

2.Snake venom and other toxins' strength is measured using the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) test. ... The amount of test substance that kills half the animals gives the LD50 figure. LD50 figures are used, in theory, to indicate the standard toxicity value for each chemical.


Related Questions

individuals with marfan syndrome have a mutates gene in chromosome 15 which causes many phenotpic abnormalities such as disproportionately long arms and legs, a weakened aorta, stretch marks in skin, and poor eyesight. the pattern inheritance that would best describe this genetic disorder is

Answers

Answer:

It is inherited following an autosomal dominant inheritance; in this way, the risk that the child of an affected father or affected mother will have the disease is 50%.

Explanation:

Marfan syndrome is a systemic connective tissue disorder, autosomal dominant, which means that statistically the probability that a patient's children are affected by the disease is approximately 50%, it is caused by mutations in the protein of the extracellular matrix fibrillin 1. This disease mainly affects the cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal systems. The elastic fiber has the function of distension and retraction, it is part of the extracellular matrix of the tissues and is composed of elastin and a network of microfibrils that serves as a framework for the elastin deposit and the assembly of the elastic fibers. This network of microfibrils is formed by fibrillin1, which is encoded by the FBN1 gene on chromosome 15q21, the defect of which is expressed through a dominant negative effect, that is, in heterozygotes, the mutant fibrillin1 destroys the assembly of normal microfibrils, possibly , by acting with the products of the normal allele.

don’t understand! please help asap

Answers

Answer: raising ants

Explanation:counting migrating geese at a pond is collecting quantitative data, This could be to determine the importance of the pond to migrating geese, perhaps to make a case for not destroying it. It is an observational study, as is the frog example.

the computer exercise is a simulation

the ant study is a controlled experiment to find the relationship between ant behaviour and soil clay content.

WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST WHEN POSSIBLE, STARS, EXTRA POINTS AND THANK YOU FOR THE RIGHT ANSWER!!

(Please give an explanation and no incomplete/absurd answer I really don't wanna report anybody lol)

Why might it be harder to convince people of the value of forest ecosystem services as opposed to the value of it's economic service?

Answers

Answer:

The importance of natural forest ecosystems to human well-being can not be overstated. Forests provide raw materials for food, fuel, and shelter. In forests, ecosystem components such as micro-organisms, soils, and vegetative cover inter-act to purify air and water, regulate the climate and recycle nutrients and wastes. Without these and many other ecosystem goods and services, life, as we know, would not be possible.

Explanation:

Which conditions are needed for a hurricane to form?

Answers

Answer:

Thunderstorms, warm ocean water and light wind are needed for a hurricane to form (A). Once formed, a hurricane consists of huge rotating rain bands with a center of clear skies called the eye which is surrounded by the fast winds of the eyewall (B).

Explanation:

PWLS MARK ME BRAINLIEST*

Ocean water, a thunder storm, and light wind.

Explanation:

They form over warm and tropical bodies of water. Warm air will rise over the water and will start becoming cool air. If the process keeps going, clouds will eventually form and cause a hurricane.

Explain very simply how the X-ray diffraction process aids in solving structures of biological molecules.

Answers

Cause it views the structure of your bones using a solar

Because x-rays and covalent bonds have a similar wavelength, x-ray crystallography currently offers the finest depiction of protein structure because it can show the accurate three-dimensional positions of the majority of atoms in a protein molecule.

What is X-ray diffraction?

X-ray crystallography is an experimental science that determines the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. In this experiment, the crystalline structure of the crystal causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions, which allows the scientist to determine the atomic and molecular structure of the crystal.

Because x-rays and covalent bonds have a similar wavelength, x-ray crystallography is currently the method that provides the best visualization of protein structure. This is because it can reveal the precise three-dimensional positions of most of the atoms that are contained within a protein molecule.

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The tiny plants eventually drop to the ground and grow into new pla same species. One way this form of reproduction differs from sexual reproduction is a. more genetic variations are seen in the offspring b. there is a greater chance for mutations to occur C. the offspring and the parents are genetically identical d. the new plants possess the combined genes of both parents on ™, Inc.​

Answers

Answer:

Find the measure of x and y (3x-3) (4y+4) 60 degrees

Explanation:

60 degrees is the answer

Why are animals more closely related to fungi than plants are?


They are both decomposers
They are both autotrophs
They are both eukaryotic
They are both heterotrophs

Answers

They are both heterotrophs

how does ATP supply energy for cellular activities?

Answers

Answer:   ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) supplies energy for cellular activities when one of its phosphate bonds is broken.

What do B cells do?
O make your mucous membranes watery
O produce antibodies
O cause inflammation
o eat dead cells

Answers

Produce antibodies sorry if it’s wrong but please let me know if it’s right which i believe it is
They produce antibodies, it’s a type of white blood cells and it’s basically a part of the immune system

Which one of these is the coolest layer of earth
Outer core
Mantle
Inner core
Crust
Please hurry

Answers

Answer:

crust

Explanation:

please help! its an essay

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer would be - Artery.

Explanation:

In the accident of the boy, his large blood vessel of the hand is cut which is deep, and the blood spurts out every few seconds. The blood tends to spurt due to the arteries are influenced by the heart pumping blood with force and arteries have more pressure due to force exerted on it in comparison to the veins.

Therefore, if the artery has a deep cut the blood spurt out as it has more pressure and will not clot easily.

One model of a DNA molecule is a twisted ladder.
In this model, what do the rungs of the ladder represent?
O A. Nitrogen bases
B. Sugars
C. Amino acids
D. Phosphates

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Yes correct Nitrogen bases!

What are the characteristics of supernovae?

Answers

As the star runs out of nuclear fuel, some of its mass flows into its core. Eventually, the core is so heavy that it cannot withstand its own gravitational force. The core collapses, which results in the giant explosion of a supernova. The sun is a single star, but it does not have enough mass to become a supernova.
Ans: As the star runs out of nuclear fuel, some of its mass flows into its core. Eventually, the core is so heavy that it cannot withstand its own gravitational force. The core collapses, which results in the giant explosion of a supernova. The sun is a single star, but it does not have enough mass to become a supernova.

A metabolic pathway in a bacterium is under the control of an activator protein. This protein is made constitutively and activates transcription by binding to an activator binding site on the DNA, which allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter. The sketch below shows the arrangement of genes in the operon for this metabolic pathway. which of the statements below describes the cellular events most likely taking place when the cell needs to shut down this pathway

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Just took the test

A product of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme 3 binds to the activator protein, which inhibits its binding at the activator site. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

What is feedback inhibition?

Feedback inhibition is a type of regulatory mechanism that occurs when the product of a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme inhibits the activity of that enzyme. This can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as by binding to the enzyme and preventing it from interacting with its substrate, or by modifying the enzyme in a way that changes its activity.

Feedback inhibition is a common mechanism used by cells to regulate pathways and ensure that they are operating at the appropriate level. For example, if a cell produces too much of a particular enzyme's product, that product may bind to the enzyme and inhibit its activity, thereby reducing the overall rate of the pathway. This helps to prevent the buildup of unnecessary intermediates or end products, and it can also help to conserve energy and resources.

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Where did the energy to power the light-independent reactions come from?
A. chlorophyll from photosystem
B. FADH2 from the outer membrane
C. NADH in mitochondria
D. proton gradient across thylakoid

Answers

The answers is B. NADH in mitochondria

Which of the following would be considered an example of commensalism?



a
A tapeworm living in the digestive system of a mammal. The tapeworm uses some of the food for its own energy that the mammal eats.
b
A hummingbird and a flower. The hummingbird receives food from the flower, and the flower uses the hummingbird to spread its pollen.
c
The lamprey and a fish. The lamprey attaches to the outside of the fish and utilizes its flesh for food.
d
A barnacle growing on a whale. The whale moves the barnacle to places where food can be found, but the whale is not harmed.

Answers

Answer: B) A hummingbird and a flower. The hummingbird receives food from the flower, and the flower uses the hummingbird to spread its pollen.

Explanation: Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected.

Credit: KhanAcademy

SPACE
Which of the following is the smallest?
A.
the Universe
B.
the Solar System
C.
the Sun
D.
the Milky Way Galaxy

Answers

Answer:

The sun

Explanation:

largest to smallest they are: Universe, galaxy, solar system, star, planet, moon and asteroid.

and since the sun is a star it would be the smallest

What is the atomic number of an element with 12 protons, 10 neutrons and 12 electrons?

Answers

Answer:

12 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons

This is a magnesium Ion. There are 12 protons from the magnesium atom. There are 10 electrons because 12-2 = 10. There are 12 neutrons because 24-12 = 12.

Explanation:

The atomic number or nuclear charge number of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei, this is equal to the proton number or the number of protons found in the nucleus for every atom of that element.

In above question following details are mentioned:-

The number of proton is give by 12

The number of neutrons is given by 10

Then number of electrons is given by 12

From above data we can conclude that this is a magnesium ion.

Since, we know that atomic number is always equal to number of protons.

Here we can see that the number of protons is 12 so atomic number is always equal to 12.

So, we can say that atomic number of magnesium is 12

Therefore, the atomic number or nuclear charge number of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei, this is equal to the proton number or the number of protons found in the nucleus for every atom of that element.

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The smallest unit of living matter is a (n)

Answers

Answer:

cell

Explanation:

Answer:

Cell

Explanation:

A cell is the smallest unit of a living matter

The shape of DNA is known as a _______________.

It is also referred to as a twisted ladder.

Answers

Answer: It is known as a double helix

Explanation:

double helix

Answer:

Double helix. Hope this helps

11. What property of waves would help measure the height of the waves in a
Tsunami?
a. Wavelength
b. Frequency
c. Wave speed
d. Amplitude

12. What inference can be made about the wavelength of a wave with a constant speed and a low frequency
a. The wavelength is short
b. The wavelength is long
c. Must be a mechanical wave
d. Must be a wave in the electromagnetic spectrum

13. The wave speed of an electromagnetic wave is constant when travelling through a medium. Which formula below is the correct one to use when calculating for wave speed
a. Wave speed = frequency x period
b. Wave speed = period x wavelength
c. wave speed = frequency x wavelength
d. Wave speed = crest x trough

Answers

Answer:

yea the other person is right

The mammoth, which was very hairy, and the elephant, are both thought to have evolved from a scantily haired ancestor. Explain, as fully as you can, how the mammoth evolved from the common ancestor. (5)

Answers

Answer:

Evolution occurs about 6 million years ago.

Explanation:

The mammoth evolved from the common ancestor because evolution occurs about 6 million years ago. The modern elephants and woolly mammoths share a common ancestor and they are split into two separate species about 6 million years ago due to change in genetics as well as environment that leads to the evolution in the elephants.

What is tornado? (Can you explain)

Answers

Answer:

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.

Explanation:

Answer:

its like this twisty dust cloud that destroys homes and stuff

Explanation:

sorry ion really know how to explain it

What is the ancestor of fish?​

Answers

Answer:

Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia

Answer:

Pikaia

The first ancestors of fish, or animals that were probably closely related to fish, were Pikaia, Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia. These three genera all appeared around 530 Ma. Pikaia had a primitive notochord, a structure that could have developed into a vertebral column later.

Explanation:

Hope is helpful mark brainliest plz :)

How do you find the number of neutrons an atom has from the Periodic Table?

Answers

Answer: Subtract atomic number and atomic weight to get neutrons

Do you think it is possible to exploit the biological process of protein synthesis to make human proteins in the lab

Answers

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Yes, it is possible to exploit the biological process of protein synthesis to make human proteins in the lab by the use of genetic engineering technique. DNA is the code or instructions that the cells use to make proteins so if a human protein is combined with a specific bacteria, so the bacteria is able to produce protein instructed by the DNA of the cell.

It is possible to exploit biological processes of protein as a result of proteins

having unique nucleotide sequences in its DNA.

Proteins are organic compounds which help in the building of cells and

replacement of worn out tissues. Proteins comprises of amino acids which

have unique nucleotide sequence which codes for their different types.

Protein can be made in the lab through the use of organisms in carrying out

the process. The protein DNA with unique nucleotide sequence is

engineered into the cells to produce protein.

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Select which types of nerves play the most
important role in these situations.
You are walking barefoot in your backyard and
notice that the grass is sharp and painful.

Answers

Answer: sensory nerves

Explanation:got it right on edge

14. Eukaryotic cells are [smaller or larger ] than prokaryotes.
I

Answers

Answer:

larger

Explanation:

the eukaryotic cells are what us humans have. we carry more structures in our cells and prokaryotic are animal cells and smaller.

Answer:

its bigger cause it has the nucleos but prokryotic dont got that

Explanation:

thank me later

A radiometer is shown below. When infrared light passes through the radiometer, the four vanes inside of it rotate about a spindle.


A radiometer transforms energy into energy as its vanes spin.

Answers

Answer:

sim

Explanation:

ele transforma

Answer:

Radiant and Kinetic

Explanation:

Got it on study island

describe what heterozygous? ​

Answers

Answer: definition Your genes are made of DNA. This DNA provides instructions, which determines traits like your hair color and blood type. There are different versions of genes.

Explanation: You're very welcome ^^

Answer:

having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes

Explanation:

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