Peak action potential depolarization is less than the Na+ equilibrium potential because the depolarization is limited by the balance between the influx of Na+ ions and the efflux of K+ ions.
During an action potential, the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels leads to an influx of Na+ ions into the cell, which causes the membrane potential to become more positive. However, this depolarization is not enough to reach the Na+ equilibrium potential of +66 mV, which represents the potential at which the driving force for Na+ influx and efflux are equal.
The actual peak depolarization of an action potential is determined by a balance between the influx of Na+ ions and the efflux of positively charged ions, such as potassium (K+) ions, through other ion channels. The K+ channels help to limit the depolarization and prevent the membrane potential from reaching the Na+ equilibrium potential. Additionally, the opening of voltage-gated K+ channels contributes to repolarization of the membrane, which helps to reset the membrane potential and return it to its resting state.
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Which of these actions is an unsustainable practice?
A. Expanding the amount of fossil fuels extracted from an area
о B. Selling locally caught fish in a local market
C. Selling extra carbon credits on an international carbon market
D. Limiting the number of fish harvested in an area
A. Expanding the amount of fossil fuels extracted from an area is an unsustainable practice. This action can lead to depletion of nonrenewable resources, environmental damage, and contribute to climate change.
What is Carbon Market?
A carbon market is a system where companies and governments can buy and sell carbon credits, which represent the right to emit a certain amount of greenhouse gases. The goal of a carbon market is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by creating a financial incentive for entities to reduce their carbon footprint. Entities that emit fewer greenhouse gases than their allotted amount can sell their unused credits to entities that exceed their allotted amount. Carbon markets can be regional, national, or international in scope. The largest carbon market is the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), which covers more than 11,000 power stations and industrial plants in 31 countries.
An unsustainable practice refers to an activity or behavior that is harmful to the environment and cannot be maintained over a long period of time without causing damage. The correct answer to the question is A, expanding the amount of fossil fuels extracted from an area. The reason for this is that the extraction and burning of fossil fuels contribute to climate change and environmental degradation, and their use is not sustainable in the long run.
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the capillaries of the pulmonary circulatory system a. deposit carbon dioxide into the alveoli. b. receive oxygen from the alveoli. c. surround the alveoli. d. all of the above
The capillaries of the pulmonary circulatory system d. all of the above.
In general , the capillaries contains the blood that give off carbon dioxide through the capillary wall inside the alveoli and in exchange takes up oxygen from the air inside alveoli. Also , the walls of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries. This association helps easy oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion between the respiratory system and the bloodstream. They also Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, that travel back to the heart.
Also , Carbon dioxide travels from the capillaries and goes around the alveoli into the alveoli. Then carbon dioxide travels up the bronchioles to the bronchi, and from trachea they are exhaled. Hence pulmonary circulation involves all of the above mentioned options .
Hence , D is the correct option
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The mechanism by which testosterone alters cell function is by:_________
Answer: The mechanism by which testosterone alters cell function is by binding to a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes The primary function of transcription factors is to regulate gene expression
Explanation:
a complex of two dna polymerase holoenzymes that move as a unit during dna replication is described as
Answer:D N A replication begins at the origin of replication on a circular bacterial chromosome. Replication forks move bidirectionally. Eventually, the replication forks meet on the other side of the circular chromosome, and replication ends, resulting in two circular bacterial chromosomes. The micrograph shows a circular bacterial chromosome that is partially replicated.
Origin of Replication
The enzyme that converts a double-stranded DNA region into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the strands is called DNA____?
helicase
Parental DNA strands are used as templates to produce daughter DNA strands during the process called
Explanation:
Immune and inflammatory responses are more pronounced in tissues that are highly vascularized. a. True
b. False
This statement is true. Immune response and inflammatory responses are more pronounced in tissues that are highly vascularized.
Vascularization is the term used to describe a tissue that has a substantial blood vessel network. Blood vessels are essential for both the elimination of waste materials and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Additionally, they offer an essential route for immune cells to access pathogens or tissue damage and react.
Skin, mucous membranes, and several internal organs are examples of highly vascularized tissues that have more immune cells and a stronger immune response than tissues with less vascularization. This is due to the fact that these tissues' extensive network of blood arteries enables the quick delivery of immune cells to areas of infection or injury, resulting in a more prompt and efficient immune response.
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what is the main difference between the life cycles of members of phylum bryophyta and phylum pteridophyta? group of answer choices
Phylum Pteridophyta has a more complex life cycle than Phylum Bryophyta. Here option B is the correct answer.
The main difference between the life cycles of members of the Phylum Bryophyta and Phylum Pteridophyta is the presence or absence of vascular tissue, which is responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Phylum Bryophyta, also known as mosses, has a simple life cycle characterized by an alternation of generations. The haploid gametophyte generation is the dominant phase and is photosynthetic. The sporophyte generation is dependent on the gametophyte and is composed of a stalk and capsule that produces spores.
Phylum Pteridophyta, also known as ferns, have a more complex life cycle with the alternation of generations. Ferns have a vascular system that allows for the transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant. The gametophyte generation is small and often lacks chlorophyll, while the sporophyte generation is larger and is the dominant phase.
Complete question:
what is the main difference between the life cycles of members of phylum Bryophyta and phylum Pteridophyta? group of answer choices
A) Phylum Bryophyta has a more complex life cycle than Phylum Pteridophyta
B) Phylum Pteridophyta has a more complex life cycle than Phylum Bryophyta
C) Both Phylum Bryophyta and Phylum Pteridophyta have similar life cycles
D) The life cycles of Phylum Bryophyta and Phylum Pteridophyta cannot be compared.
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nucleic acid polymers are made up of _______ monomers.
Nucleic acid polymers which are made up of nucleotide monomers.
Nucleic acids are long polymers made up of repeating units called nucleotides. Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and consist of three components: a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine in DNA, or adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group.
When nucleotides bond together, they form the backbone of the nucleic acid polymer, with the nitrogen-containing bases facing inward to form the coding portion of the molecule. The nucleic acid polymers are held together by covalent bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups of adjacent nucleotides, forming a sugar-phosphate backbone.
The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases determines the genetic information stored in nucleic acids, and the nucleotide monomers provide the structure for this information to be encoded and transmitted.
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What is an Endocervical transformation zone component?
The endocervical transformation zone component is present in our cervix and is checked during pap smear test.
Presence of the squamous metaplastic or the endocervical cells on the Pap smear test results can raise some questions as well as concerns. However, the presence of such cells isn’t always a cause for concern.
The presence of endocervical cells on the test basically means that the doctor happened to sample the cells from the inside of the cervix during the Pap smear test. Endocervical cells are basically mucus-producing glandular cells which are located within the inner cervix or the endocervix. During a Pap smear, the doctor or nurse may take a sample of these cells, but that is not always the case.
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how simple or even how complex can a phylogenetic tree become? is it commonly known and used among the scientific community or just something for representation?
Phylogenetic trees can become very complex depending on the type of data being represented. Generally, the more data that is available, the more complex the tree can become.
What is Phylogenetic?Phylogenetic is the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms. It is used to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between species, and to understand how features of living organisms have evolved over time. Phylogenetic analysis uses molecular and morphological data to identify similarities and differences between species and to trace the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
In scientific studies, phylogenetic trees are used to represent the evolutionary relationships between species, and they can be extremely complex due to the vast amount of data that is available. Phylogenetic trees are commonly used in the scientific community to understand the relationships between different species.
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with the term 'spondylolisthesis' if the combining form is spondyl/o meaning 'vertebra' what is the suffix and how does it translate? group of answer choices -listhesis; slipping -esis; a procedure -listhesis; abnormal condiiton -esis; study of
The combining form "spondyl/o," which means "vertebra," and the suffix "-listhesis," which means "slipping," make up the term "spondylolisthesis."
Spondylolisthesis is a condition that causes one vertebral body to slide forward or backward in relation to the vertebrae above or below it in medical terms. This could be brought on by a birth defect, an injury, or spine degeneration. Depending on the severity of the slip, the condition can result in nerve compression, back pain, and other symptoms. Although it can occur anywhere along the spine, most often in the lower back.
Therefore, "spondylolisthesis" translates to "vertebral slipping."
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the 4 main groups of biological macromolecules are nucleic acids, , carbohydrates, and proteins. True/False ?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
carbohydrates, lipids (or fats), proteins, and nucleic acids
There were 22 ice fishing shack on a lake each shack had a 9 pound of firewood firewood were sold in 3 pound bundles how many bundles were there in all
There were 66 bundles of firewood in total.
There were a total of 22 shacks, and each shack had 9 pounds of firewood. So the total amount of firewood is:
22 × 9 = 198 pounds.
Since firewood was sold in 3-pound bundles, we can find the number of bundles by dividing the total amount of firewood by 3:
198 pounds / 3 pounds/bundle = 66 bundles.
An ice fishing shack is a small shelter or structure used by ice fishermen on frozen lakes or rivers to protect themselves from the elements while fishing. The shacks are usually made of wood or metal and can be dragged onto the ice using sleds or trailers.
They often have holes in the floor to allow for fishing through the ice, as well as heaters or stoves to keep the interior warm. Ice fishing shacks come in a variety of sizes and styles, ranging from simple one-person tents to large, fully-equipped cabins.
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the native state of a protein is most often near the bottom of the protein folding funnel. is this true?
The given statement, "The native state of a protein is most often near the bottom of the protein folding funnel," is true because the least energy and most stability is at the bottom and the native state is the most stable state of protein.
The folding funnel hypothesis of proteins states about the folding of proteins which states that the native state or the completely folded state of the protein has the least free energy in it. The hypothesis was laid down by Anfinsen.
Proteins are the biomolecules made up of amino acid monomers joined together by the peptide bonds. The proteins are very essential in the living body as they perform majority of the functions like catalysis, structural, signaling, etc.
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Molecule 1 has the following sequences of bases: AAGCTC.
Which set of bases in Molecule 2 will bond to this sequence in a complementary way?
A) UUCGAG
B) TTCGAG
C) GGATGT
D) CCUAGA
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
The alleles for a homozygous recessive pea plant for height would be represented as tt.
In pea plants, the allele for height is determined by the gene T.
The dominant allele (T) codes for tall plantsThe recessive allele (t) codes for short plants.Homozygous refers to an organism that has two identical copies of a particular gene, one from each parent. When an organism is homozygous recessive for a trait, it means that it has two copies of the same recessive allele (in this case, tt). This results in the expression of the recessive trait (short height).
Key points:
In pea plants, the gene for height is determined by the T allele.The dominant allele (T) results in tall plants and the recessive allele (t) results in short plants.Homozygous refers to an organism having two identical copies of a gene, one from each parentHomozygous recessive refers to an organism having two copies of the same recessive allele (in this case, tt)The expression of the recessive trait (short height) results from the presence of two copies of the same recessive allele.Learn more about alleles here:
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the glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the cns is the ..a. astrocyteb. ependymal cellc. neurolemmocyted.microglial celle. oligodendrocyte
The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the cns is the e. oligodendrocyte
In the central nervous system of jawed vertebrates, oligodendrocytes, also known as oligodendroglia (from the Greek meaning "cells with a few branches"), play a role similar to that of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system in supporting and insulating axons. To do this, oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath.
A single oligodendrocyte may extend its processes to 50 axons, encasing each axon in a myelin sheath that is around 1 m in diameter. Schwann cells, on the other hand, can only encircle one axon. For multiple nearby axons, each oligodendrocyte creates one length of myelin.
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Full Question: The glial cell that myelinates and insulates axons within the cns is the ..
a. astrocyte
b. ependymal cell
c. neurolemmocyte
d.microglial cell
e. oligodendrocyte
asl100 what structure turns sound waves into mechanical waves? the ossicles. the external auditory meatus the tympanic membrane. the organ of corti.
Sound waves to enter the ear go through the external auditory canal before they strike the eardrum and cause it to vibrate. The malleus, one of the three small bones in the middle ear, is connected to the eardrum.
How is a mechanical wave produced?A disruption and vibration of matter, either solid, gas, liquid, and plasma, is what generates mechanical waves. A medium is described as material through which waves are propagating. Sound waves are created by vibrations inside a gas, while water waves are created by vibrations inside a liquid (air).
What use does the tympanic membrane serve?It divides the middle ear from the outer ear. The tympanic membrane vibrates as sound waves enter it. The middle ear's minuscule bones are thus exposed to the vibrations. The vibrating signals are then sent from the eardrum bones to the inner ear.
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which of the following is an example of an ultra-processed food? group of answer choices swiss cheese chicken nuggets sunflower seeds skim milk apple juice
The following which is an example of an ultra-processed food is chicken nugget and is therefore denoted as option B.
What are Ultra-processed food?
This is referred to as ultra-processed food products, are food and drink products that have undergone specified types of food processing and it is done mostly by big companies.
Chicken nugget is a food product consisting of a small piece of deboned chicken meat that is breaded or battered, then deep-fried or baked as a result of the different processing which involves the extraction of foods, such as fats, starches, etc and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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30 POINTSSS AND RLLY EASY PLS HELP
Fill in the blanks with the correct cell division phase
Thank you so much
There are five stages in total: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The final physical cell division after telophase, cytokinesis, is sometimes referred to as the sixth stage of mitosis.
What transpires throughout the three phases of cell division?
The cell cycle has three stages: Stage 1: The cell enlarges, the DNA is copied, and new organelles are produced. Stage 2: Mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides. In stage three, the cell divides into two exact daughter cells.
Condensin is recruited during prophase, the first phase of mitosis, and the condensation process begins. This process lasts until metaphase.
Prometaphase is initiated by the abrupt division of the nuclear envelope into numerous tiny vesicles, which will later be divided between the ensuing daughter cells.
Chromosomes then attain their most compacted state during metaphase, when all of the cell's chromosomes align at the spindle's equator.
As cells move from metaphase into anaphase, sister chromatid separation occurs suddenly.
Mitosis comes to an end at telophase, which is the time when the chromosomes reach their poles. The chromosomes then begin to decondense into their interphase conformations as the nuclear membrane heals. After telophase, there is a process known as cytokinesis in which the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter cells. This process results in daughter cells, which have the same genetic make-up as the parent cells.
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can someone please help me with the question at the bottom??
In the absence of mutation, gene flow, random mating, and selection, the gene frequencies can be determined from the equation if the allele frequencies are known.
Only a theoretical method of determining gene frequency is used.
Therefore, another allele's frequency can be estimated if the frequency of one allele is known.
What is mutation?
Any modification to the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations can occur as a result of environmental DNA-damaging agents being exposed to, or as a result of errors in cell division. Mutations could be harmful, helpful, or ineffectual. However, if mutations occur in the cells that make eggs or sperm, they may be passed on to offspring. Mutations that occur in other types of cells are not passed on to offspring. Specific mutations have been linked to cancer and other disorders. A mutation is also referred to as a variant.
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the primary function of the outer ear is to: collect sound waves and funnel them into the ear canal. protect the delicate inner structures of the ear from loud sounds. provide a convenient place for wearing earrings. transfer sounds to the cochlear membrane.
The primary function of the outer ear is to collect sound waves and funnel them into the ear canal. Option A is correct.
The pinna (sometimes spelled auricle or auricula) has been the fleshy part of the ear that extends beyond the skull. The primary purpose of the pinna is to gather sound waves from the surrounding environment. The sound waves are received by the outer ear and sent down the ear canal towards the eardrum.
This causes the eardrum to vibrate, resulting in sound. It serves like a funnel for all these waves, magnifying and guiding them into the ear canal. Sound waves enter the outer ear & travel via a thin tunnel known as the ear canal to the eardrum. The incoming sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate, and the vibrations are transmitted to three small bones in the middle ear.
The complete question is
The primary function of the outer ear is to:
A) Collect sound waves and funnel them into the ear canal.
B) Protect the delicate inner structures of the ear from loud sounds.
C) Provide a convenient place for wearing earrings.
D) Transfer sounds to the cochlear membrane.
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this is the very high and low tides that occur during the new moon or the full moon when the sun, moon, and earth are approximately aligned is called?
Answer:
Spring tides
Explanation:
Such high tides are called spring tides. During new moon and full moon the gravitational forces of sun and the moon work together with combined force and thus this spring tide occurs.
which is not a method of hormone action? which is not a method of hormone action? control of gene expression and protein synthesis control of ion or molecule transport across cell membranes control of electrical signaling pathways control of enzymatic reaction rates all are methods of hormone action.
Control of electrical signaling pathways is not a method of hormone action.
Hormones are like little messengers, constantly communicating with our cells to control various bodily processes. And they do it in a few ways:
Gene expression and protein synthesis controlIon and molecule transport across cell membranes controlEnzymatic reaction rate controlBut when it comes to electrical signaling pathways, hormones don't directly control the flow of electrical signals along nerve cells or muscles.
Instead, they use their other mechanisms, like controlling ion or molecule transport across cell membranes, to influence electrical signaling indirectly.
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How much of the population of europe died during the black death?
Estimates vary,but it is said that between 75-200 million and 200 million people or between 30% and 60% of Europe's total population died during the black death.
What is black death?Black Death is a devastating disease that was responsible for the death of an estimated 75-200 million people in Europe and Asia during the 14th century. It is also known as the bubonic plague and is caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The disease was spread primarily through fleas and rats, and was spread through contact with the infected or their remains. Symptoms included fever, chills, headaches, and aching joints, as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes. In some cases, the disease progressed to cause vomiting, diarrhea, and a rash. Death usually occurred within three to five days of infection. Treatment options were limited and the mortality rate was incredibly high.
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gizmo warm-up the circulatory system gizmo shows the heart and blood vessels that make up the circulatory system. look at the heart. how many chambers does the heart have?
Gizmo warm-up the circulatory system gizmo shows the heart and blood vessels that make up the circulatory system. There are four chambers in the heart.
The heart is a big, muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood that is rich in oxygen and nutrients to the various tissues of the body. It does this by traveling via the blood vessels. It is composed of a total of four chambers.
Blood is necessary because it transports oxygen and nutrients to different regions of the body, allowing those components to function properly. The circulation of blood throughout your body is controlled by your heart.
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by the time the contents of the gi tract reach the , the three energy-yielding nutrients have been digested. group of answer choices pharynx duodenum ileum pancreas stomach
By the time the contents of the GI tract reach the ileum , the three energy-yielding nutrients have been digested.
The correct option is option c.
The GI tract or the gastrointestinal tract is basically the tract or the passageway of the digestive system of the human body which leads from the mouth and then all the way to the anus. The GI tract consists of all the major organs present in the digestive system, in humans as well as the other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and also intestines.
The small intestine is present right after the stomach and plays an important role in digestion as well as the absorption of food which is coming from the stomach. It is divided into three part namely the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. When the contents of the GI tract finally reach the ileum, the three energy-yielding nutrients have already been digested.
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if the frequencies are significantly different, then one of the assumptions of the hardy-weinberg principle was probably violated. explain which one was violated in your answer. if none were violated, explain why this is the case.
If the frequencies are significantly different, then one of the assumptions of the hardy-weinberg principle was probably violated which is the panmixia principle, but if it is preserved then we can estimate the allele and genotypic frequencies in the population.
What is the hardy-weinberg principle?The hardy-weinberg principle is a model used in population genetics to estimate the genotypic and allele frequencies in the population when conditions are ideal.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that hardy-weinberg principle needs to fulfill the idea of panmixis or random mating to be fulfilled.
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what amino acid becomes essential when phenylalanine is lacking in the diet? a. glycine b. arginine c. tyrosine d. glutamine
The amino acid that becomes essential when phenylalanine is lacking in the diet is (c) Tyrosine .
Phenylalanine is defined an an essential amino acid that our bodies cannot produce on their own, and it must be obtained through our diet.
The Phenylalanine plays an important role in several metabolic processes, including the synthesis of other important compounds such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and thyroxine.
When the phenylalanine is lacking in diet, tyrosine becomes an essential amino acid.
Tyrosine is produced from phenylalanine in the body and is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, and melanin, a pigment responsible for skin color.
The given question is incomplete , the complete question is
What amino acid becomes essential when phenylalanine is lacking in the diet ?
(a) Glycine
(b) Arginine
(c) Tyrosine
(d) Glutamine
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What is population interaction between species?
Population interaction between species basically refers to the effects which the organisms in a particular community have on one another when they interact with each other in different ways.
Ecology is basically a very vast arena in Biology, which is a study of the organisms, how they are distributed and their interaction with each other as well as their environment.
In order to study the relationship that exists between prey, predators and other interactions as well as the phenomenon like the competition, camouflage, mimicry etc. then it is also mandatory to study the theory of population interaction among the species of populations.
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What term is used to describe the two versions of a gene for a characteristic?
Alleles are the terms used to describe the two distinct versions of a gene for a particular feature.
What do alleles do?Each variation, known as an allele, in a DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a specific genomic region may have two or more forms. A person inherits two alleles, one from each parent, for each area of the chromosome where such variation exists. If the two alleles match, the person has homozygosity for that allele.
If the alleles are distinct, the person is heterozygous. In our language, "alleles" refers to the variant form(s) or variants of a gene. Since one allele is produced by each autosomal gene and is inherited from each parent, we frequently categorize the alleles. Alleles of the normal or wild type, abnormal or mutant, or both, are terms that are frequently used to describe them.
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