Recall that one approach to the study of cell cycle regulation has been to fuse cultured cells that are at different stages of the cell cycle and observe the effect of the fusion on the nuclei of the fused cells (heterokaryons). When cells in Gl are fused with cells in S, the nuclei from the Gl cells begin DNA replication earlier than they would have if they had not been fused. In fusions of cells in G2 and S, however, nuclei continue their previous activities, apparently uninfluenced by the fusion. Fusions between mitotic cells and interphase cells always lead to chromatin condensation in the nonmitotic nuclei. Based on these results, identify each of the following statements about cell cycle regulation as probably true (T), probably false (F), or not possible to conclude from the data (NP). Sort each statement into the appropriate bin.
1. The transition from mitosis to G1 appears to result from the disappearance or inactivation of a cytoplasmic factor present during M-phase.
2. The activation of DNA synthesis may result from the stimulatory of one or more cytoplasmic factors.
3. Gl is not an obligatory phase of all cell cycles
4. The transition from G2 to mitosis may result from the presence in the G2 cytoplasm of one or more factors that induce chromatin formation.
5. The transition from S to G2 may result from the presence of a cytoplasmic factor that inhibits DNA synthesis.
A. T
B. F
C. NP

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1. T

2. T

3. NP

4. F

5. F

Explanation:

In somatic cells, the cell cycle can be divided into 1-the interphase, 2-the mitotic phase or M phase, and 3-the G₀ phase. In turn, the interphase of the cell cycle can be divided into three phases: 1-the gap 1 (G1) phase or growth 1 phase, 2-the S phase (DNA replication or DNA synthesis), and 3-the gap 2 (G2) phase or growth 2 phase. During the G1 phase, the cell synthesizes key enzymes which are required during DNA replication (S phase) and cell division (M phase). Cytoplasmic factors are proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that control cell functions during the cell cycle. This cycle is modulated by proteins known as control factors, i.e., cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) that work together to control the progression through different phases of the cell cycle. The transition from S to G2 occurs after DNA replication. This transition (S to G2) is controlled by a DNA damage checkpoint orchestrated by the ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 related) kinases which are recruited to DNA damage sites. Moreover, the ​transition from G2 to M phase is mediated by the accumulation of mitotic inducers, which lead to an increase in the activity of mitotic kinase and finally trigger mitotic entry.


Related Questions

An example of a pressure vessel is

Answers

Answer:

A closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially higher or lower than the ambient pressure

Identify the phases of meiosis I described below

Answers

Since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm). In each round of division, cells go through four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

When an organism encounters nitrate in its environment, which condition will determine whether the nitrate is used in an assimilatory or dissimilatory manner?

a. low concentration or ammonia
b. low concentration of sulfate
c. oxygen present
d. low temperature
e. oxygen absent
f. high concentration of nitrite

Answers

Answer:

Dissimilatory- oxygen absent

Assimilatory- high concentration of nitrite

Explanation:

In assimilatory nitrate reduction, ammonium is produced and subsequently incorporated into biomass to build up e.g., proteins and nucleic acids. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction is a process for energy conservation, in which nitrate is used as an electron acceptor in the (near) absence of oxygen . Dissimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate storage in particular are physiological life traits that provide microbes with environmental flexibility (i.e., metabolic activity under both oxic and anoxic conditions) and resource independence (i.e., anaerobic metabolism without immediate nitrate supply), respectively. Such life traits are especially important in environments that are temporarily anoxic and/or nitrate-free and they may have developed as a “life strategy” in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Hi I'm pretty sure this is D just want to make sure :)


A population of snails is experiencing disruptive selection in terms of their shell patterns.

Which statement about the population is most likely true?


Two different shell patterns are combining into one very common pattern.

Snails with two different shell patterns are surviving in greater numbers than snails with the most common shell pattern.

Snails with a new shell pattern are surviving in greater numbers than snails with all other shell patterns.

Snails with the most common shell pattern are surviving in greater numbers than snails with all other shell patterns.

Answers

Answer:

Snails with the most common shell pattern are surviving in greater numbers than snails with all other shell patterns.

Explanation:

This is because of the natural selection process. The better adaption of the most common shell pattern makes it easier for the snails to survive the natural habitat.

The most common Class II variant is the F508del variant, which is missing the 508th amino acid in the protein but has an otherwise normal sequence. Loss of this amino acid leads to misfolding of the protein, and the misfolded protein is not properly transported to the membrane. Based on this information, how many nucleotides are deleted in the CFTR allele encoding this variant?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - 3 (two codons of 507th that are U, C, and the first nucleotide of 508th codon U).

Explanation:

Each amino acid is coded by a three-nucleotide base long codon. So in the case of the F508del variant, there is a deletion of three nucleotides that is encoded for phenylalanine amino acid.

In this isoleucine is encoded by 507th codon that is AUG and 508th codon is UUU codes for Isoleucine.

In this case, two codons of 507th are U, C, and the first nucleotide of 508th codon U. So overall three nucleotides are deleted in the F508del variant..

Can someone help me with this pls

Which of the following results in agglutination?
(1) similar blood types being mixed
(2) the separation of blood cells from plasma
(3) antigens reacting to other antigens
(4) antibodies reacting to foreign antigens (5) the donation of blood to a blood bank​

Answers

Answer:

your answer is antibodies reacting to foreign antigens.

Answer: antibodies reacting to other antigens

what is the function of the liver?

Answers

Answer:

The Liver Stores Glycogen and Vitamins.

Its helps in Excreting Bilirubin which is produced from the breakdown of Red Blood Cell(RBC).

It also helps In the Production of Bile(This is stored in the gall bladder).

Afferont neurons
a.transmit sensory input to the CNS
b.are multipolar neurons
c.have many dendrites and a single long axon
d.are found only within the brain and spinal cord

Answers

Answer:

a.transmit sensory input to the CNS

Explanation:

Afferent neurons will take input from your muscles, skin etc. and send it to your CNS (usually via spinal nerves).

Solve the equation of mava=mbvb max5.0ml=5.2mlx0.10m

Answers

Answer:

0.104M

Explanation:

The following equation is given in this question:

mava=mbvb

Where;

ma = molarity of acid (M)

mb = molarity of base (M)

va = volume of acid (ml)

vb = volume of base (ml)

According to this inputted values;

max5.0ml=5.2mlx0.10m

ma = unknown molarity of acid

mb = 0.10M

va = 5.0ml

vb = 5.2ml

Hence, ma x 5.0ml = 5.2ml x 0.10m

5ma = 0.52

ma = 0.52 ÷ 5

ma = 0.104M

When blood pH becomes overly acidic, respiration and kidney function change to bring the acidity back to its normal pH level of 7.4. What does this process best exemplify

Answers

Answer:

homeostasis

Explanation:

Homeostasis has to do with processes that maintain the internal balance within an organism. It can succinctly be defined as the process of regulating an organism's internal environment. The process of homeostasis is very important in the maintenance of important indicators of balance in the body such as body temperature, body pH, etc.

Hence, when blood pH becomes overly acidic, respiration and kidney function change to bring the acidity back to its normal pH level of 7.4. This is a homeostatic response.

It is observed that constipation is more common among people in the western countries who eat more meat and processed food than us. What could be the reason for this? What should be changed in their diet?
I already know this answer, just checking, it's cuz of roughage

Answers

Answer:

yes your answer is correct

Explanation:

Constipation happens when the colon absorbs too much water, this can occur if the muscles in the colon are contracting slowly or poorly, causing the stool to move too slowly and lose more water. As meat need much water to digest, so they leads to problem of constipation. Hence, they should eat sufficient amount of water to cure constipation.

Constipation is common among people in western countries who eat more meat and processed food because there is no enough roughage in their bodies which prevents constipation .Fruits and vegetables like like corn etc contains lot of roughage.

Answer:

hi here is your answer is that Constipation is common among people in western countries who eat more meat and processed food because there is no enough roughage in their bodies which prevents constipation .Fruits and vegetables like like corn etc cpntain lot of roughage

Explanation:

i hope this answer will help you

If all 15 presynaptic neurons stimulate the post-synaptic neuron at the same time, will an action potential be produced?

Answers

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

If all 15 presynaptic neurons stimulate the post-synaptic neuron at the same time, the action potential will be produced. In a chemical synapse, an action potential in the presynaptic neuron is responsible for the release of a chemical messenger known as neurotransmitter. After this, the neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and binds to the postsynaptic cell so we can say that potential can be produced.

does tomato have thick or thin exocarp?​

Answers

I think it’s thick

Explanation
Here, we describe the simultaneous transcriptome profiling of all five major cell types/tissues of the tomato fruit pericarp (Figure 1), including the outer epidermis (a single cell layer), collenchyma (approximately three to five cell layers in the Ailsa Craig cultivar used in this analysis), parenchyma

ln at least 200 words, proppse a scenario in which a population is evolving. Add the following, Identify the variants within your population, Explain how the variation in your population was generated, Describe your organism, Explain qhy the population is evolving and make a prediction about your population after observing 10 generation of offspring.​

Answers

Answer:

A yellow lizard population living on an island with no predatorsA hawk was introduced to the habitat and starts preying on the yellow lizard because it is easier to see from the air Some of the lizards mutate their color from yellow to greyish brown so they can camouflageYellow individuals keep being hunted, while brown individuals get to survive The following generations of lizards will have a higher proportion of greyish brown individuals and just a few yellow individuals.   Eventually, almost all of the lizards will be greyish brown individuals.

Explanation:

The scenario is the following.

A population of yellow lizards lives on an island where there is no natural predator. Males of the species use the yellow color to attract females in reproductive seasons. The brighter the males are, the better their genetic quality is. Females are also yellow, but not as bright as males.

A new hawk species was introduced into the island to control some farm pests. But this hawk species prefer to feed on the lizards. The yellow color of these animals contrasts with the dark background and can be easily seen from the air. So the lizard population suffers from significant predation affecting its size sharply.

Some of the lizards then suffer from a mutation and change their color from yellow to greyish brown, which turns to be better to camouflage on the rocks and get to survive. Individuals with greyish brown color get to reproduce at a higher rate than yellow individuals, who keep being hunted by the hawk.

Eventually, after many generations, the yellow individuals decrease to near zero in the population, while greyish brown individuals increase significantly, with males still being brighter than females.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Natural selection is an evolutive force that can act favoring an allele or against it, according to how it affects the fitness of individuals. Natural selection selects beneficial alleles and increases their frequency in the population.

When many organisms in a population sharing the same trait die, it is because they did not have good fitness, so they were not adapted to the environment and its pressures. The alleles coding for that trait were not good for the fitness of the animals, so they do not get to survive.

These individuals die before reproducing, so they could not transfer their genetic charge to the following generation. Eventually, the alleles coding for the trait will decrease in the population, probably near zero. Natural selection is acting against this phenotype. Other alleles will be beneficiated, and their frequency in the population will increase.

This change in alleles frequency is what we call adaptation.

Natural selection results in adaptation, which means the increase of the aptitude phenotype. Aptitude is the contribution of each genotype to the next generation.

In many cases, adaptations can be correlated to environmental factors or selective pressures applied by other organisms or habitats.

Let us remember that a mutation is a change or alteration in DNI sequences that introduce new variants. Many of these are eliminated, but some of them might succeed and be incorporated into each individual. These mutations are the ones that have been selected by natural selection.  

So, in the exposed example, we are focussing on the lizards population.    

• The selective pressure or modeling environmental factor is predation by the introduced hawk.  

• The lizards´ response to predation is the survival of only those that carry mutations ⇒ greyish brown color  

• Natural selection benefits these mutations.    

• Greyish brown lizards survive and increase their fitness.

Contrast potential and kinetic energy. Give an example of potential being changed to kinetic energy.

Answers

Answer:

First, the raised hammer has more potential energy since it has the potential to go higher or lower. Second, when you hit the hammer on the table, the stored potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as the hammer is falling. (It's the falling hammer that has kinetic energy)

Explanation:

Another example-When rolling a ball down a ramp the ball at its highest point has potential energy but when it rolls down the ramp it converts to kinetic energy

Hope this helps :)

what is defferenciated cell and and undeferenciated cell.with example​

Answers

Answer:

Differentiated cells refer to the specialized cells in multicellular organisms modified to carry out a particular function, such as transporting a certain substance or executing a specific task, while undifferentiated cells refer to the stem cells capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type,.

example of differentiated cell=zygote to embryo then a comlex foetusexample of undifferentiated cell= embryonic stem cell.

hope it helpsstay safe healthy and happy.

Senario: 2 years ago, a fruit was smuggled into California on a plane from an exotic, far away land. The homeowner saw that the fruit had maggots and tossed it into the backyard, hoping the seed would grow. The larvae hatched out and moved throughout the area. This fictitious insect will destroy fruit and has the possibility of spreading disease killing the trees. The insect consumes plants in the Prunus species of stone fruits? Look up the plant genus Prunus.

Discussion: The insect has spread over a large area of Southern California, discovered at UC Riverside. What steps would you do to control or eradicate the destructive exotic insect?

Answers

Answer:

To destroy this insect, a chemical should be used or made that will fight the main power of the insect. Also the food that is targeted should be removed.

Explanation:

Why does water stop traveling through the soil and remain in an aquifer?

Answers

Answer:

Water remains in an aquifer because it has met up with an impermiable layer of clay or rock.

7. The sun's surface is about
a. 2000 °C
b. 3000 °C
c. 4000 °C
d. 5000 °C
(;´༎ຶٹ༎ຶ`)

Answers

Answer:

5778C ...................,.....

i belive the answer is b 300

Please help !
Which describes electrons?

Electrons move at very fast speeds around the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons are stationary outside of the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons move at very fast speeds inside the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons are stationary inside the nucleus of an atom.

Answers

D. Electrons move at very fast speed around the nucleus of an atom?

A solid reactant is placed into a beaker of a warm water. The liquid vigorously bubbles as the solid dissolves into the solution. What will most likely happen if the temperature of the liquid is slightly reduced?
More bubbles will be produced because the solution is becoming more concentrated.
Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.
The solid will get smaller at a faster rate because of more collisions of reactant molecules.
The solid will get larger at a slower rate because precipitate is coming out of the solution.

Answers

Answer: Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.

Answer:

B: Fewer bubbles will be produced because of fewer collisions of reactant molecules.

A degraded ecosystem is replaced with a different but productive ecosystem type, one that might even include some nonnative species. For example, a degraded forest might be replaced with a productive pasture.a. passive restoration b. remediation c. partial restoration d. rehabilitation e. complete restoration

Answers

Answer:

d. rehabilitation

Explanation:

Technology-associated rehabilitation is an ecological practice that allows a degraded area to be restored, rehabilitating all its degraded habitats. However, this restoration is not done naturally, but is caused by human intervention, which can cultivate the entire plant population in the area, even adding non-native species, which are selected to leave the productive area, but ecologically harmonious.

When the dry-bulb temperature is 22°C and the wet-bulb temperature is 13°C, the relative
humidity is
1. 10%
2. 33%
3. 41%
4. 59%

Answers

Answer:

33 percent is wright

hope it may help you

Writing an Equation in Slope-Intercept Form
Q
Check
y
Determine the equation for the given line in
slope-intercept form
4
O y = -5x-1
=-1
2
X
-6
-4
-2
2
LO
O y = x+1
O y = 3x+1
O y=-x-1
-2
-4
Hint

Answers

Answer:

need a full picture plzzz

Which process is responsible for causing menstruation

Answers

menstruation is triggered by reduced level of estrogen and progesterone which usually happens in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Yes agreed the above answer is correct

Differentiate between pathogenicity and hypersensitivity; Also write different methods of inoculating the plants.

Answers

Answer:

As nouns the difference between pathogenesis and pathogenicity. is that pathogenesis is the origin and development of a disease while pathogenicity is the quality or state of being capable of causing disease.

Which of the following sentences uses commas correctly? Carol was the last person out of the house wasn't, she? Carol was the last person, out of the house wasn't she? Carol was the last person out of the house, wasn't she? Carol, was the last person out of the house wasn't she?

Answers

Answer:

The third sentence......................

Explanation:

The correct sentence is Carol was the last person out of the house, wasn't she?

Why is a comma important?

Commas help your reader figure out which words go together in a sentence and which parts of your sentences are most important. Using commas incorrectly may confuse the reader, signal ignorance of writing rules, or indicate carelessness.

What are the Rules of commas?

Comma Rules

Use a comma after an introductory phrase or clause. Use commas before and after a parenthetical phrase or clause. Use a comma to separate two independent clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor or, so, yet) Use a comma to separate items in a series.

Learn more about the use of commas here https://brainly.com/question/2251561

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Los mamíferos marinos, que a diferencia de los peces tienen sangre caliente, han perdido el pelaje como adaptación a la vida en el agua. Para compensar la falta de la cubierta de pelo desarrollaron gruesas capas de grasa debajo de la piel que ayudan a evitar la pérdida de calor corporal. ¿Con qué función de los lípidos se relaciona esta adaptación? Justificar.

Answers

Answer:

Please Translate it in english, so i can easyly answer it.

Explanation:

thank you.

Toluene crosses pure lipid bilayers many hundreds of times faster than a related compound, phenylalanine. Suggest two different properties of these molecules that would account for this difference.

Answers

Answer:

The lipid bilayer is hydrophobic that is hydrophobic and it can easily cross the lipid bilayer.

Toulene is a hydrophobic and neutral molecule compound so it can easily pass through the bilayer. It is an aromatic compound with a methane group attached to the benzene ring. It is smaller in comparison to Phenylalanine.

Phenylalanine-- It is an amino acid with a benzene ring attached to it. This amino acid is less hydrophobic than the aliphatic amino acids. Because of its less hydrophobic nature, it travels slowly compared to Toluene. It is also larger and has amino and carboxyl groups attached to it. On the other hand, Phenylalanine is a polar compound which has -COOH and -NH2 group. which prevents its delay in its transport across the lipid bilayer.

Summarize the steps of Scientific method in one paragraph in your own words.

Answers

Answer:

Ask a question or identify a problem.Gather information and form a hypothesis.Create an experiment to test your hypothesis.Collect data and observations by doing/ performing the experiment. Draw a conclusion.Share your findings.

If you want as paragraph:

Ask a question or identify a problem. Gather information and form a hypothesis. Create an experiment to test your hypothesis. Collect data and observations by doing/ performing the experiment. Draw a conclusion. Share your findings.

Hope it helps!

Plz mark brainliest!

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