Answer:
decrease $49,605
Explanation:
corporation purchased eqipment = $ 300000
ADS recovery period = 10 years
MACRS useful life of 7 years
th eequipment sold for $290,000
The result is option d. Decrease $ 49,605
Imagine that I start a bar in Clemson. Each year I order $200,000 worth of food, beer and drink which is turned around and sold to customers. I also hire part-time staff, where the combined annual wages add up to $100,000. I also pay rent on my building which is $100,000 a year. Assume these are my only expenses. My bar is unusually successful and I generate $1,000,000 in revenue. How much does my bar contribute to GDP? (Hint: Think about using the national spending approach or the factor income approach. One is easier to use than the other)
a) $1,000,000
b) $1,300,000
c) $1,400,000
d) $1,200,000
Answer:
The correct option is a) $1,000,000.
Explanation:
Under factor income approach contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated by adding up wages, rent, interest, and profit.
Using the factor factor income approach, contribution to GDP can be determined as follows:
Purchases = $200,000
Wages = $100,000
Rent on building = $100,000
Expenses = Wages + Rent on building = $100,000 + $100,000 = $200,000
Revenue = $1,000,000
Profit = Revenue - Purchases - Expenses = $1,000,000 - $200,000 - $200,000 = $600,000
Contribution to GDP = Wages + Rent on building + Profit = $200,000 + $200,000 + $600,000 = $1,000,000
This implies that your bar contributes $1,000,000 to GDP. Therefore, the correct option is a) $1,000,000.
Which type of tutoring does the school normally offer?Group of answer choicesIn-seat tutoringOnline tutoringSupplemental InstructionAll of the above
Answer:
Option d (All of the above) is the right approach.
Explanation:
Tutoring provides a rather more personalized, methodical, stimulating learning environment. This also enhances professional tutor's autonomy, approach regarding topics, and professional fulfillment.Any individual used to teach some other individual, particularly a personal educator or teacher, throughout various fields of study or academic disciplines.Identify the inventory costing method best described by each of the following separate statements. Assume a period of increasing costs. results in
a. Results in the highest cost of goods sold.
b. Yields the highest net income.
c. Has the lowest tax expense because of reporting the lowest net income.
d. Better matches current costs with revenues,
e. Precisely matches the costs of items with the revenues they generate.
Answer:
LIFO is a form of inventory costing that assumes that more recent stock is sold first and early stock sold last. FIFO is the opposite of this and believes earlier stock is sold first and later stock is sold last.
Weighted average uses a weighted price for all available stock and specific identification uses the exact cost of the inventory.
a. Results in the highest cost of goods sold. ⇒ LIFO
This is LIFO because the closing stock that is subtracted from the cost of goods sold will be earlier stock and as costs are rising, it will be lower than the purchases.
b. Yields the highest net income. ⇒ FIFO
Because FIFO gives a lower Cost of goods sold as opposed to LIFO, it gives a higher income.
c. Has the lowest tax expense because of reporting the lowest net income.⇒ LIFO
Reports lowest income due to high cost of goods sold.
d. Better matches current costs with revenues. ⇒ LIFO
LIFO uses the current inventory which would reflect the current cost of inventory so it matches current costs with revenue.
e. Precisely matches the costs of items with the revenues they generate. ⇒ Specific Identification.
Uses the exact cost of the inventory so precisely matches costs.
Leelanau applies overhead using a predetermined rate. What amount of overhead was applied to work in process last year
Answer:
$138,500
Explanation:
The computation of the overhead applied is shown below:
As we know that
Cost of goods manufactured = Beginning WIP + Total manufacturing costs - Ending WIP
$323,000 = $10,500 + Total manufacturing costs - $19,000
So,
Total manufacturing costs is
= ($323,000 + $19,000 - $10,500)
= $331,500
Now
Total manufacturing costs is
= Direct materials + Direct labor + Overheads
So,
Overheads is
= ($331,500 - $115,000 - $78,000)
= $138,500
Item 5At the end of the day, the cash register's record shows $2,050, but the count of cash in the cash register is $2,058. The correct entry to record the cash sales is
Answer:
Debit Cash $2,058; credit Cash Over and Short $8; credit Sales $2,050
Explanation:
The journal entry is shown below:
Cash Dr $2,058
To cash over and short $8
To sales $2,050
(Being the cash sales is recorded)
Here the cash is debited as it increased the assets and sales is credited as it increased the revenue and the difference is credited to the cash over and short
Here are data on two companies. The T-bill rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 6%.What would be the fair return for $1 Discount Store according to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
Answer:
13%
Explanation:
Please find attached a table containing further information needed to answer this question
According to the capital asset price model: Expected rate of return = risk free + beta x (market rate of return - risk free rate of return)
Expected rate of return = risk free + beta x market premium
Beta measures systemic risk
The higher beta is, the higher the systemic risk and the higher the compensation demanded for by investors
4% + (1.5 x 6%) = 13%
What is the present discounted value of $10,000 that is to be received in 2 years if the market rate of interest is 4 percent?
a. 0 percent. b. 8 percent.c. 12 percent.
Answer:
PV = $9,245.56
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Future value (FV)= $10,000
Number of periods (n)= 2 years
Discount rate (i)= 4% = 0.04
To calculate the present value (PV), we need to use the following formula:
PV = FV / (1 + i)^n
PV = 10,000 / (1.04^2)
PV = $9,245.56
On May 31, the Cash account of Teasel had a normal balance of $5,400. During May, the account was debited for a total of $12,600 and credited for a total of $11,900. What was the balance in the Cash account at the beginning of May?
a. A $0 balance.
b. A $6,100 debit balance.
c. A $6,100 credit balance.
d. A $4,700 debit balance.
e. A $4,700 credit balance.
Answer:
d. A $4,700 debit balance.
Explanation:
Note that the cash account is an asset account that a debit increases and a credit reduce it, hence, the balance at the beginning of May would be increased by debit entry and decreased as a result of the credit entry as shown thus:
closing balance=beginning balance+debit-credit
closing balance=$5,400
beginning balance=unknown
debit=$12,600
credit=$11,900
$5400=X+$12,600-$11,900
X=$5,400-$12,600+$11,900
X=$4,700(debit)
________ would be hurt by unexpected inflation. a. A firm that purchased inputs with a two-year contract b. A worker whose wage increases with inflation c. A worker who signed a two-year wage contract d. A firm who hired a worker on a two-year wage contract
Answer:
a firm who hired a worker
Explanation:
on a two year wage contract
A firm that hired a worker on a two-year wage contract would be hurt by unexpected inflation. Thus, option D is correct.
What is inflation?Inflation, in financial aspects, aggregates expansions in the stockpile of cash, in cash salaries, or in costs. Expansion is by and large considered an exorbitant ascent in the general degree of costs.
While high expansion is by and large thought to be hurtful, a few financial experts accept that a modest quantity of expansion can assist with driving monetary development.
Inter worker was having job security for at least 2 years but due to inflation, he might not have a job. This is the most unexpected thing that the person could experience. As it will be treated as something that has caused hindrances in his planning.
Therefore, option D is correct.
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Following is information from Intel Corporation for 2016 ($ in millions). Total revenue $59,387 Projected revenue growth rate 5.0% Net operating profit margin (NOPM) 17.3% Net operating assets (NOA) $83,316 Net operating asset turnover (NOAT) 0.74 Projected net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) for 2017 is:
Answer:
the Projected net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is $10,788
Explanation:
The computation of the Projected net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is given below:
= Total revenue × (1 + growth rate) × net operating profit margin
= $59,387 × (1 + 0.05) × 17.3%
= $62,356.35 × 17.3%
= $10,788
Hence, the Projected net operating profit after tax (NOPAT) is $10,788
A game has a saddle point when the maximin payoff value equals the minimax payoff value. true or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
To answer this question, I'll use the following illustration.
Minimax = <10,18,15>
Maximax = <8,4,10>
The payoff of the minimax is 10 (i.e. the smallest) and the payoff of the maximax is 10 (i.e. the largest)
Both payoffs are equal; hence, 10 is the saddle point.
An American worker is hired by a German consulting firm operating in New York. They pay him $50,000 in wages. The new worker's contribution is to bring a new client to the firm that buys consulting services for $70,000 . Assume no other new cost was involved in this other than the wage. The client is a Mexican firm located in Mexico City. Which of the following is correct
a. National income increases by $50,000 and factor payments to abroad increase by $20,000, so US GDP increases by $70,000
b. Consumption increases by $70,000 and imports increase by $70,000,50 US GDP remains unchanged
c. Consumption increases by $50,000 and exports increase by $20,000, so US GDP increases by $70,000
d. National income increases by $50,000 and factor payments from abroad increase by $50,000, so US GDP remains unchanged
Answer:
a. National income increases by $50,000 and factor payments to abroad increase by $20,000, so US GDP increases by $70,000
Explanation:
The German firm hired an American worker and paid him $50,000. That means that American national income will increase by $50,000.
Since the company is German, that would increase factor payments ot abroad by the difference = $70,000 - $50,000 = $20,000.
Total GDP increases by the amount of $50,000 + $20,000 = $70,000
Adventure Travel signed a 14%, 10-year note for $151,000. The company paid an installment of $2100 for the first month. After the first payment, what is the principal balance
Answer:
$147,138.34
Explanation:
Interest Expense for 1 month = $151,000 * 14% * (1/12)
Interest Expense for 1 month = $151,000 * 0.14 * 0.083333
Interest Expense for 1 month = $1761.65962
Interest Expense for 1 month = $1,761.66
Principal amount = Total payment + Interest Expense for 1 month
Principal amount = $2,100 + $1,761.66
Principal amount = $3,861.66
Principal balance = $151,000 - $3,861.66
Principal balance = $147,138.34
g The fundamental limitation of a matrix structure is that it ________. A. introduces more errors in the decision-making process due to the speed of the process B. institutes a dual hierarchy that violates the unity-of-command principle C. isolates upper management from operational levels D. creates a poor organizational culture
Answer:
The correct answer is the option B: Institutes a dual hierarchy that violates the unity-of-command principle.
Explanation:
To begin with, in the business management field the concept known as "Matrix structure" or matrix management as well is refered to the dynamic way of organizating the company that has the characteristic of having the employees of the business answering directly to two or more superiors of leaders instead of just one. Therefore that in this type of organizational structure sometimes the matters of certain departments tend to interfere or collide with the objectives of others. That is the main reason why it does violates the principle of unity-of-command described in the organizational theory.
Fowler, Inc., just paid a dividend of $2.55 per share on its stock. The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 3.9 percent per year, indefinitely. If investors require a return of 10.4 percent on this stock, what is the current price? What will the price be in three years? In 15 years?
Answer:
Use the Gordon Growth formula for this.
The price of a stock in the current year is:
= (Dividends in current year * (1 + growth rate) ) / (Required return - growth rate)
Current price
= (2.55 * ( 1 + 3.9%) ) / (10.4% - 3.9%)
= $40.76
In 3 years:
= (2.55 * ( 1 + 3.9%)⁴ ) / (10.4% - 3.9%)
= $45.72
In 15 years:
= (2.55 * ( 1 + 3.9%)¹⁶ ) / (10.4% - 3.9%)
= $72.36
Blitz Corp. had total sales of $3,130,000 last year and has 109,000 shares of stock outstanding. The benchmark PS is 1.66 times. What stock price would you consider appropriate
Answer:
$47.68
Explanation:
Calculation to determine stock price would you consider appropriate
Using this formula
Stock price=(Total sales/Shares of stock outstanding)*Benchmark PS
Let plug to determine
Stock price=($3,130,000/109,000) ×1.66
Stock price=28.72x 1.66
Stock price= $47.68
Therefore the stock price that you would
consider Appropriate is $47.68
This information relates to Flint Real Estate Agency.
Oct. 1 Stockholders invest $30,740 in exchange for common stock of the corporation.
2 Hires an administrative assistant at an annual salary of $38,880.
3 Buys office furniture for $3,630, on account.
6 Sells a house and lot for E. C. Roads; commissions due from Roads, $12,010 (not paid by Roads at this time).
10 Receives cash of $135 as commission for acting as rental agent renting an apartment.
27 Pays $620 on account for the office furniture purchased on October 3.
30 Pays the administrative assistant $3,240 in salary for October.
Prepare the debit-credit analysis for each transaction. (If there is no transaction, then enter no effect for the account and 0 for the amount.)
A. Oct. 1 Debits increase assets:
debit Cash $ 30000
Credits increase stockholders' equity:
credit Common stock $ 30000
B. Oct. 2 Debits increase no effect:
debit___ $______
Credits increase ______
credit ____$_______
C. Oct 3 Debits increase assets:
debit ______ $ 4600
Credits increase liabilities:
credit Accounts payable $ 4600 .
D. Oct. 6 Debits increase :_____
debit ____ $_____
Credits increase :____
credit ___ $____
E. Oct. 10 Debits increase assets:
debit ___ Cash $ 140
Credits increase ____
credit ____ $____
F. Oct 27 Debits decrease :_____
debit_____ $____
Credits decrease :___
credit____ $.____
G. Oct 30 Debits increase :____
debit ____ $____
Credits decrease :_____
credit ___ $.____
Answer:
Flint Real Estate Agency
A. Oct. 1 Debits increase assets:
debit Cash $ 30,740
Credits increase stockholders' equity:
credit Common stock $ 30,740
B. Oct. 2 Debits increase no effect:
debit___ $__0____
Credits increase __0____
credit ____$____0___
C. Oct 3 Debits increase assets:
debit _Office furniture_____ $ 3,630
Credits increase liabilities:
credit Accounts payable $ 3,630.
D. Oct. 6 Debits increase :_____assets
debit _Accounts receivable___ $__12,010___
Credits increase :_stockholders' equity___
credit _Service Revenue__ $_12,010___
E. Oct. 10 Debits increase assets:
debit ___ Cash $ 135
Credits increase __stockholders' equity__
credit _Commission Revenue___ $__135_
F. Oct 27 Debits decrease :__Liabilities___
debit__Accounts payable___ $__620__
Credits decrease :_Assets__
credit__Cash__ $.__620__
G. Oct 30 Debits increase :__Expenses__
debit _Salaries expense___ $_3,240___
Credits decrease :__Assets___
credit _Cash__ $.__3,240__
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
Oct. 1 Cash $30,740 Common stock $30,740
Oct. 3 Office furniture $3,630 Accounts payable $3,630
Oct. 6 Accounts receivable (E. C. Roads) $12,010 Service Revenue $12,010
Oct. 10 Cash $135 Commission Revenue $135
Oct. 27 Accounts payable $620 Cash $620
Oct. 30 Salaries Expense $3,240 Cash $3,240
Viviano Corporation issued a new bond, and hired your bank as its underwriter. In an upcoming talk with its CFO, you are expected to explain the effect of market interest rate. An increase in the market rate of interest will have which one of the following effects on this bond?
a. increase the coupon rate
b. decrease the coupon rate
c. increase the market price
d. decrease the market price
e. increase the time period
Answer: d. decrease the market price
Explanation:
Interest rates and the prices of bonds are negatively correlated as one increasing means that the other is decreasing.
The reason is this: when market interest rates rise, investors will move away from bonds to other investments because bonds offer a fixed payment and so will be less attractive than other investments which would be offering higher returns based on the higher market rates.
The drop in demand for bonds will lead to their prices falling as per the rules of demand and supply.
Describe the five factors that may limit how fast a project can be completed. Give an example of each.
Answer:
Logical order, activity duration, resource availability, imposed dates, and cash flow are the five factors that may slow down the completion of a project.
Explanation:
The order in which activities should be completed is known as logical order. You wouldn't put down new carpet before removing the old one. As a result, the logical order is for the predecessor activity to come first, followed by the successor activity.The total number of work periods required to complete a scheduled activity (excluding holidays and other nonwork periods) is known as activity duration. By identifying the right people for the job and discussing the time frame of each activity with them, you can figure out how long each activity should take.The availability of resources, such as workers, to complete a project is referred to as resource availability. Obtaining commitments for equipment and workers in a project prevents days of no work from occurring. It is necessary to stick to a strict schedule.Imposed dates are deadlines for completing specific parts of a project. Perhaps your permit is only valid for 30 days. If this is the case, you must complete your project within the specified time frame. This date was not chosen; it was imposed by the permit.The term "cash flow" refers to the money that comes in from the financial backer as well as the money that goes out to the employees and subcontractors. If there is a cash flow problem on either end of the transaction, it can affect the entire project. Workers will not continue to work if they are not paid on time, and a project may be abandoned.Source:
Describe the five factors that may limit how fast a project can be completed. Give an example of each (Course Hero).The five factors that may limit how fast a project can be completed are:
Logical orderAvailability of resourcesCash flow rateActivity durationImposed dateExplanation:
The order of arrangement in which activities should be completed is known as logical order. If the logical order isn't right, this may limit how fast the project can be completed.The total number of work hours required to complete a scheduled activity is known as activity duration. Upon identifying the right people for the job and discussing the time frame of each activity with them, you can figure out how long each activity should take.The availability of resources, such as skilled and unskilled labour, to complete a project is referred to as resource availability.Imposed dates are deadlines for completing specific parts of a project. At times, the permit is only valid for 20 days.Cash flow otherwise known as working capital refers to the money that comes in from the source of finances as well as the money that goes out to the employees and subcontractors. If there is a cash flow problem on either end of the transaction, the entire project may be affected.Read more on project limiting factors:
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Assume that the labor market for retail workers is generally unskilled. If a minimum wage is set in the labor market for retail workers and that this minimum wage is above the equilibrium wage in this particular labor market, then __________ .
Answer:
there will be a surplus of retail workers in this labor market.
Explanation:
Here we presume that the labor market is not skilled. Now in the case when the minimum wage i.e. set and this wage should be more than the equilibrium wage so that means there is the surplus in the labor market
So as per the given situation, the above statement should be considered and fit to the given scenario
Hence the same is to be considered
Schedule of Cash Collections of Accounts Receivable
Pet Place Supplies Inc., a pet wholesale supplier, was organized on May 1, 2016. Projected sales for each of the first three months of operations are as follows:
May $134,000
June 155,000
July 169,000
All sales are on account. Sixty-five percent of sales are expected to be collected in the month of the sale, 30% in the month following the sale, and the remainder in the second month following the sale.
Prepare a schedule indicating cash collections from sales for May, June, and July. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.
Pet Place Supplies Inc.
Schedule of Collections from Sales
For the Three Months Ending July 31, 2016
May June July
May sales on account:
Collected in May
Collected in June
Collected in July
June sales on account:
Collected in June
Collected in July
July sales on account:
Collected in July
Total cash collected
$
$
$
Answer:
The Total cash collected in May is $87100 and June is $140950 and July $163050.
Hence the total is $391100.
Explanation:
Betty Vinson improperly capitalized line costs at her boss's direction. Which company did she work for
Answer: WorldCom
Explanation:
The WorldCom scandal of 2002 was the worst one in U.S. history and led to shareholders losing over $30 billion as a result of share prices falling drastically when it was revealed that the company had been making fraudulent accounting entries to look successful when it fact it had been losing money.
Betty Vinson was the company's Director of Corporate Reporting and her boss, CEO Bernie Ebbers, pressured her into making fraudulent entries because it was said that he "didn't want to disappoint Wall Street". This scandal was one of those that directly led to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act being passed.
If the demand for a product was 16, 28, 20 and 24 units in four consecutive months, and the corresponding forecasts in those four months were 20, 16, 20 and 30 units respectively, what is the MAD at the end of four months
Answer:
5.5 units
Explanation:
Period Actual Forecast Absolute deviation
1 16 20 4
2 28 16 12
3 20 20 0
4 24 30 6
Total 22
Mean absolute deviation(MAD) = Sum of absolute deviation / Number of periods
Mean absolute deviation(MAD) = 22 / 4
Mean absolute deviation(MAD) = 5.5 units
People with expertise tend to have more influence using ___, whereas those with a strong legitimate power base are usually more successful applying ___.
A. upward appeal; persuasion
B. silent authority; coalition formation
C. persuasion; silent authority
D. silent authority; assertiveness
E. information control; persuasion
Answer:
C. persuasion; silent authority
Explanation:
Influence tactics can be regarded as steps that can be taken by people in order to exert influence on others in a particular organization, thereby bringing about achieving their goals. If successfully applied, influence tactics can help junior managers or lower level that lack substantial sources of power to be able to exert impact on both behavior and decisions of others within that organization.
Silent Authority can be regarded as silent application of authority, which can be elaborated as when someone complies with a particular request as a result of the requester’s legitimate hierarchical power and role expectations of the target person. This condition is often been referred to as deference to authority. As regards to deference, it takes place, where one comply with ones boss in completion of particular task, let say this task falls within one's job scope and ones boss has the right in making this request, then we can say the influence strategy works without persuasion or negotiation.
As an expert ,one would have broad as well as deep competence in terms of knowledge, experience and skill, with help of practice and education in a specific field. Individuals that has expertise usually have influence with the use of persuasion.
Power provide a person or unit with
opportunity to exert influence as regards organizational outcomes. Influence can be regarded as power in action. It should be noted that People with expertise tend to have more influence using persuasion, whereas those with a strong legitimate power base are usually more successful applying silent authority.
1992 governance was introduce as
Answer:
By kingdoms the governance was introduce
Gabbe Industries is a division of a major corporation. Last year the division had total sales of $23,826,400, net operating income of $2,835,342, and average operating assets of $9,164,000. The company's minimum required rate of return is 19%.
Answer:
a. Division margin:
= Net operating income / Total sales
= 2,835,342 / 23,826,400
= 11.9%
b. Division turnover:
= Sales / Total assets
= 23,826,400 / 9,164,000
= 2.6 times
c. Division ROI:
= Net operating income / Total assets
= 2,835,342 / 9,164,000
= 30.94%
Suppose you have $10,000 in savings when the price level index is at 100. Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to the nearest whole number. a. What is the real value of your savings if the price level increases by 6 percent for the year
Answer: $9091
Explanation:
The real value of the savings if the price level increases by 6 percent for the year will be calculated thus:
Real Value = Nominal Value × CPI of previous year / CPI of current year
The CPI of current year will be:
= 100 + (100 × 10/100)
= 110%
Then, the real value will be:
= $10000 × 100/ 110
= $9091
Jose rents office space for $20,000 per year. He uses the office to fill out tax returns for 1,000 clients per year. If the office rent increases to $25,000 per year, the marginal cost of filling out tax returns will A. increase, but we cannot determine the amount of the increase with the information given. B. increase by $5. C. not change. D. increase by $5,000.
Answer:
C. Not change
Explanation:
Based on the information given the MARGINAL COST of filling out tax returns will NOT CHANGE reason been that RENT is a FIXED COST because it is not movable which is why RENT
DOES NOT AFFECT MARGINAL COST.
Therefore the marginal cost of filling out tax returns will NOT CHANGE.
A monopolist, unlike a competitive firm, has some market power. It can raise its price, within limits, without the quantity demanded falling to zero. The main way it retains its market power is through barriers to entry—that is, other companies cannot enter the market to create competition in that particular industry.Complete the following table by indicating which barrier to entry appropriately explains why a monopoly exists in each scenario.ScenarioBarriers to EntryExclusive Ownership of a Key ResourceGovernment-Created MonopoliesEconomies of ScaleThe Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) formerly controlled all U.S. sources of bauxite, a key component in the production of aluminum. Given that Alcoa did not sell bauxite to any other companies, Alcoa was a monopolist in the U.S. aluminum industry from the late-nineteenth century until the 1940s. Patents are granted to inventors of a product or process for a certain number of years. The reason for this is to encourage innovation in the economy. Without the existence of patents, it is argued that research and development for improved pharmaceutical products is unlikely to take place, since there's nothing preventing another firm from stealing the idea, copying the product, and producing it without incurring the development costs. In the natural gas industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. In other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary pipes and hoses makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market.
Answer:
Monopolist's Market Power and Barriers to Entry
Scenario 1
The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) formerly controlled all U.S. sources of bauxite, a key component in the production of aluminum. Given that Alcoa did not sell bauxite to any other companies, Alcoa was a monopolist in the U.S. aluminum industry from the late-nineteenth century until the 1940s.
Barrier to Entry:
Exclusive Ownership of a Key Resource
Scenario 2
Patents are granted to inventors of a product or process for a certain number of years. The reason for this is to encourage innovation in the economy. Without the existence of patents, it is argued that research and development for improved pharmaceutical products is unlikely to take place, since there's nothing preventing another firm from stealing the idea, copying the product, and producing it without incurring the development costs.
Barrier to Entry:
Government-Created Monopolies
Scenario 3:
In the natural gas industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. In other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary pipes and hoses makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market.
Barrier to Entry:
Economies of Scale
Explanation:
Exclusive Ownership of a Key Resource: It has been argued that monopolies do not arise from exclusive ownership of a key resource. However, having exclusive ownership grants an entity a kind of natural monopoly.
Government-Created Monopolies: Governments create monopolies by protecting intellectual property and issuing patents and copyrights, which give the holders exclusive rights to produce some products or render some services for a period of time. The purpose is to encourage innovation and industrialization.
Economies of Scale: When a company is able to produce goods in large quantity, this reduces the average cost per unit, increases efficiency, and economies of scale are achieved because the costs of production are spread over larger units.
In marketing, we use which terms? (needs, wants, or demands). Why?
Answer:
needs are things that satisfy the basic requirement. Wants are requests directed to specific types of items.