Answer:
The value that would be assigned to this bond is $1,209.36.
Explanation:
From the question, we have:
n = Number of years = 25
FV = Future value = $1,000
PMT = Coupon payment = Coupon rate * FV = 6% * $1000 = $60
r = required return rate = 8%, or 0.08
CP = Conversion price = $180
P = Current selling price = $42.10
t = number of years the bond will be called = ?
PV = [(PMT / r) * (1 - (1 / (1 + r)^n))] + (FV / (1 + r)^n) = [(60 / 0.08) * (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.08)^25))] + (1000 / (1 + 0.08)^25) = $786.50
Therefore, we have:
PV = Current value of the bond = $786.50
CR = Conversion ratio = FV/CP = 1000 / 180
CV = Conversion value = P * CR = $42.10 * (100 / 180) = $23.39
CCP = Current conversion price = CV = $23.39
CPB = Conversion price at which Bond will be called = $1,300
Therefore. we have:
CCP * CR^t = CPB ................... (1)
Substitute relevant values into equation (1) and solve for t, we have:
$23.39 * (1000 / 180)^t = $1,300
23.39 * 5.56^t = 1,300
5.56^t = 1,300 / 23.39
t = ln(1,300 / 23.39) / ln(5.56)
t = 2.34 years
Therefore, we have:
Value assigned to the bond = PV = [(PMT / r) * (1 - (1 / (1 + r)^t))] + (CPB / (1 + r)^t) = [(60 / 0.08) * (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.08)^2.34))] + (1300 / (1 + 0.08)^2.34) = $1,209.36
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate levels
1. T or F: During the credit crisis of 2008, investors around the worls were fearful about the collapse of real estate markets, shaky stock markets, and illiquidity of several securities in the US and several other nations. The demand for US treasury bonds increased, which led to a rise in their price and a decline in their yields.
2. T or F: When the ecnomy is weakening, the Fed is likely to increase short-term interest rates.
3. T or F: When the Fed increses the money supply, short-term interest rates tend to decline.
4. T of F: the Federal Reserve Board has significant influence over the level of economic activity, inflation, and interest rates in the US.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
Explanation:
Federal excise duty is the government rate which is set to control the money supply in an economy. When Fed rises the interest rate decline while money supply increases.
The crisis during 2008 led the world towards declining their economic growth. The shaky stock market runs fear in the investors and they withdrew their money from the stock and other risky and invested their earning and savings in safe and secure treasury bonds. This led the government to raise the prices of treasury bonds and the returns of the bonds declined.
Hillary graduates from law school and gets a position in a law firm. At the same time the price of hamburger falls while other food prices have stayed the same. She notices that she buys less hamburger than she did before. Is she violating the law of demand?
Answer:
no, since other things are not held constant, including her income
Explanation:
The law of demand states that price has an inverse relationship with quantity demanded of a good. As price increases the demand reduces, and as price decreases quantity demanded increases.
However this is true when all other factors reman constant.
In the given scenario the price of hamburger has fallen but Hilary buys less of it. This looks like a violation of the law of demand, but her income has changed so the law of demand may not hold here.
All factors do not remain constant.
Hilary's behaviour can be explained by the concept income effect. Where an increase in income leads to the consumer buying more of expensive goods than cheaper ones.
Multipoint pricing occurs when a company buys products at a cheaper rate in one country to sell at a higher price in another country. allows markets to determine the pricing of a product. aggressively prices in one market to elicit a competitive response from a rival in another market. prices its products at a loss in order to drive out competitors from the market. prices two similar products at low and high prices in order to boost sales of the lower priced products.
Answer:
aggressively prices in one market to elicit a competitive response from a rival in another market.
Explanation:
Price can be defined as the amount of money that is required to be paid by a buyer (customer) to a seller (producer) in order to acquire goods and services.
In sales and marketing, pricing of products is considered to be an essential element of a business firm's marketing mix because place, promotion and product largely depends on it.
One of the importance associated with the pricing of products is that, it improves the image of a business firm.
Multipoint pricing occurs when a company aggressively prices in one market to elicit a competitive response from a rival in another market.
This ultimately implies that, a company's pricing strategy in one market is likely to impact the pricing strategy of its rival in another market.
On June 15, Oakley Inc. sells inventory on account to Sunglass Hut (SH) for $3,500, terms 2/10, n/30. On June 20, SH returns to Oakley inventory that SH had purchased for $800. On June 24, SH completely fulfills its obligation to Oakley by making a cash payment. What is the amount of cash paid by SH to Oakley
Answer:
$2,646
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the amount of cash paid by SH to Oakley
Cash paid=($3,500-$800)-[($3,500-$800)*2%]
Cash paid =$2,700-$54
Cash =$2,646
Therefore The the amount of cash paid by SH to Oakley is $2,646
Barbara, a product manager at an organic soap manufacturing company, is supposed to interview a candidate for a new job opening in her department. The candidate arrives late to the interview, and therefore Barbara assumes that he will be tardy and uninterested in his job as well. Despite the fact that the candidate meets all the job requirements, Barbara rejects the candidate. Which of the following interview errors has Barbara most likely made?
A. The first-impression error.
B. The similarity error.
C. The contrast error.
D. The non-relevancy error.
Answer:
A. The first-impression error.
Explanation:
It is correct to say that Barbara probably made the first-impression error in the interview, because this error occurs when there are initial judgments about a candidate in the interview, it was what happened when Barbara thought that the candidate would be disinterested at work due to his late to the interview even the candidate meeting all the requirements of the position.
This error can be based on positive and negative judgments and can directly influence a job hiring.
What effect will firms entering have on the market price? When firms enter , A. the marginal cost of production will decrease , decreasing price. B. market supply will increase , decreasing price. C. market demand will decrease , decreasing price. D. the average total cost of production will decrease , decreasing price. E. market supply will decrease , decreasing price.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
when firms enter into an industry, there are more firms competing for customers. This would shift the demand curve to the right as supply increases. An increase in supply would lead to a reduction in price.
If firms leave the industry, there would be a reduction in supply and price would increase
For its first year of operations, Tringali Corporation's reconciliation of pretax accounting income to taxable income is as follows: Pretax accounting income $ 280,000 Permanent difference (15,500 ) 264,500 Temporary difference-depreciation (19,300 ) Taxable income $ 245,200 Tringali's tax rate is 25%. Assume that no estimated taxes have been paid. What should Tringali report as its income tax expense for its first year of operations
Answer:
$61,300
Explanation:
Calculation to determine What should Tringali report as its income tax expense for its first year of operations
Using this formula
Income tax expense=Taxable income * Tringali's tax rate
Let plug in the formula
Income tax expense=$ 245,200*25%
Income tax expense=$61,300
Therefore What should Tringali report as its income tax expense for its first year of operations will be $61,300
The prepaid insurance account had a balance of $11,300 at the beginning of the year. The account was debited for $12,500 for premiums on policies purchased during the year. Journalize the adjusting entry required under each of the following alternatives for determining the amount of the adjustment:
a. The amount of unexpired insurance applicable to future periods is $2,100.
b. The amount of insurance expired during the year is $14,400
Answer:
A. Dr Insurance expense $21,700
Cr Prepaid insurance $21,700
B. Dr Insurance expense $14,400
Cr Prepaid insurance $14,400
Explanation:
A. Preparation of the adjusting entry if the
amount of unexpired insurance applicable to future periods is $2,100.
Dr Insurance expense $21,700
Cr Prepaid insurance $21,700
($11,300 + $12,500 - $2,100 = $21,700)
B. Preparation of the adjusting entry if The amount of insurance expired during the year is $14,400
Dr Insurance expense $14,400
Cr Prepaid insurance $14,400
Columbus Inc. sells a high end hair dryer in a super competitive marketplace. As a result, market research and competitive pressures influence the determination of their selling price. Their marketing department has done a comprehensive analysis and It looks like a price of $62 would be appropriate given the present business environment. The company has a goal of earning $32 on each unit. What is the target unit cost of each hair dryer
Answer:
Target unitary cost= $30
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price= $62 per unit
Desired profit= $32 per unit
To calculate the target unitary cost, we need to use the following formula:
Target unitary cost= selling price - desired profit
Target unitary cost= 62 - 32
Target unitary cost= $30
29. Randolph is a 30 percent partner in the RD Partnership. On January 1, RD distributes $22,500 cash and inventory with a fair value of $56,000 (inside basis of $28,000) to Randolph in complete liquidation of his interest. RD has no liabilities at the date of the distribution. Randolph's basis in his RD Partnership interest is $53,625. What is the amount and character of Randolph's gain or loss on the distribution
Answer: $3125 capital loss
Explanation:
Based on the information given in the question, we should note that RD Partnership distributes $22500 cash and inventory with inside basis of $28000.
Since Randolph's basis in his RD Partnership interest is $53,625, the amount and character of Randolph's gain or loss on the distribution will be:
= ($22500 + $28000) - $53625
= $50500 - $53625
= -$3125
Therefore, there's a capital loss of $3125
Snug Harbor Realty Co., had a checking account in 1st National Bank. When construction work was obtained by Snug Harbor, its superintendent, Magee, would examine the bills submitted for labor and materials. He would instruct the bookkeeper which bills were approved, and the bookkeeper then prepared the checks in accordance with his instructions. After the checks were signed by the proper official of Snug Harbor, Magee picked them up for delivery. Instead of delivering certain checks, he forged the signatures of the respective payees as endorsers and cashed the checks. The drawee bank then debited the Snug Harbor account with the amount of the checks. Snug Harbor claimed this was improper and sued the bank for the amount of the checks. The bank claimed it was protected by the impostor rule.
Required:
Will the bank be successful?
Answer:
Answer is explained in the explanation section below.
Explanation:
Solution:
The higher court's ruling was reversed, and the case was remanded for further proceedings.
The higher court argued that the trial court erred by failing to understand that the checks were for actual payees for the plaintiff, not names given by the employee, and that the trial court erred in its decision.
The bank will be covered under UCC 3-405 if an employee forged a payee and forged the endorsement on a company check and embezzled the check. The checks were meant for the company's actual payees, so this was not the case.
Culver Company is involved in four separate industries. The following information is available for each of the four industries. Operating Segment Total Revenue Operating Profit (Loss) Identifiable Assets W $63,278 $14,930 $155,962 X 10,900 2,380 77,981 Y 27,275 (2,980) 18,823 Z 7,647 1,070 16,134 $109,100 $15,400 $268,900 Determine which of the operating segments are reportable based on the: Reportable Segments (a) Revenue test. select an operating segment (b) Operating profit (loss) test. select an operating segment (c) Identifiable assets test. select an operating segment eTextbook and Media
Answer:
Reportable Segments
(a) Revenue test. W and Y
(b) Operating profit (loss) test. W, X and Y
(c) Identifiable assets test. W and X
Explanation:
Note: The data in this question are merged together. They are therefore sorted before answering the question. See the attached pdf file for the complete question with the sorted data.
The explanation of the answers is now given as follows:
Note: See the attached excel file for the determination of the operating segments which are reportable (in bold red color).
Note that the criterion is that a segment is reportable if it contains an amount that is greater than 10% of the total amount. Otherwise, it is nonreportable.
Based on this criterion, we have the following from the attached excel file:
Reportable Segments
(a) Revenue test. W and Y
(b) Operating profit (loss) test. W, X and Y
(c) Identifiable assets test. W and X
Inventory by Three Methods The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows:
Jan.1 Inventory 26 units at $200 per unit
Feb. 19 Purchase 57 units at $230 per unit
June 8 Purchase 60 units at $520 per unit
Oct. 7 Purchase 56 units at $275 per unit
There are 47 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used. Determine the inventory cost under each of the following methods.
a. Determine the inventory cost by the first-in, first-out method.
b. Determine the inventory cost by the last-in, first-out method
c. Determine the inventory cost by the average cost method. Do not round intermediate calculation and round final answer to the nearest whole value.
Answer:
a. $12,925.
Explanation:
the inventory cost by the first-in, first-out method are $12,925.
Velocity, a consulting firm, enters into a contract to help Burger Boy, a fast-food restaurant, design a marketing strategy to compete with Burger King. The contract spans eight months. Burger Boy promises to pay $93,000 at the end of each month. At the end of the contract, Velocity either will give Burger Boy a refund of $31,000 or will be entitled to an additional $31,000 bonus, depending on whether sales at Burger Boy at year-end have increased to a target level. At the inception of the contract, Velocity estimates an 80% chance that it will earn the $31,000 bonus and calculates the contract price based on the expected value of future payments to be received. At the start of the fifth month, circumstances change, and Velocity revises to 60% its estimate of the probability that it will earn the bonus. At the end of the contract, Velocity receives the additional consideration of $31,000. At the end of the contract, Velocity receives the additional consideration of $29,000.
Required:
a. Prepare the journal entry to record revenue each month for the first four months of the contract.
b. Prepare the journal entry that the Velocity Company would record after four months to recognize the change in estimate associated with the reduced likelihood that the bonus will be received.
c. Prepare the journal entry to record the revenue each month for the second four months of the contract.
d. Prepare the journal entry after eight months to record receipt of the cash bonus.
Answer:
a. Accounts Receivable (Dr.) $93,000
Bonus Receivable (Dr.) $2,325
Service Revenue (Cr.) $95,325
b. Service Revenue (Dr.) $9,300
Bonus receivable (Cr.) $9,300
c. Accounts Receivable (Dr.) $93,775
Bonus Receivable (Dr.) $775
Service Revenue (Cr.) $93,000
d. Cash (Dr.) $29,000
Bonus Receivable (Cr.) $29,000
Explanation:
The contract between Burger Boy and Velocity is for eight months.
Expected value of the contract on 1st month is :
80% * [ $93,000 * 8 months + $31,000 ] + 20% [ $93,000 * 8 months - $31,000] = $762,600
The expected value per month is $762,600 / 8 months = $95,325 per month
Expected value of the contract 5th month with revised probability is :
60% * [ $93,000 * 8 months + $31,000 ] + 40% [ $93,000 * 8 months - $31,000] = $750,200
The expected value per month is $750,200 / 8 months = $93,775 per month.
The product life-cycle theory: Select one: a. was a strong predictor of trade patterns during the 1800s. b. was useful for explaining the pattern of trade during the brief period of American global dominance. c. proved to be a poor explanation of world trade patterns during the 1960s and 1970s. d. remains a relevant theory of explaining international trade in the modern world.
Answer:
b. was useful for explaining the pattern of trade during the brief period of American global dominance.
Explanation:
A product life cycle can be defined as the stages or phases that a particular product passes through, from the period it was introduced into the market to the period when it is eventually removed from the market.
Generally, there are four (4) stages in the product-life cycle;
1. Introduction.
2. Growth.
3. Maturity.
4. Decline.
The theory of product life cycle asserts that all the raw materials or parts and the labour used for the manufacturing of the product must come from the specific location or area wherein it was produced for optimum profit.
Hence, the product life-cycle theory was useful for explaining the pattern of trade during the brief period of American global dominance.
Carmelo, the editor of a business department of a national news magazine, went through a sequence of jobs in the company before he achieved this position. He joined as a staff reporter, then got promoted to technology reporter, then to editor of the business department, and then to deputy managing editor before achieving his current position. This is __________.
Answer:
organization-centered career planning
Explanation:
According to the information in the question, it is correct to say that the case of Carmelo fits into a organization-centered career planning, because Carmelo grew in the organization in a progressive sequence, joined as a team reporter and was climbing new roles until reaching a higher hierarchical position as your current position as editor of the magazine's business department.
Organization-centered career planning can be very beneficial to employees when the organization is well structured through a culture that enables the growth of employees and professional advancement in the company.
The corporate charter of Maine Yacht Corporation allows the issuance of a maximum of 3,000,000 shares of $1 par value common stock. During its first three years of operation, Maine issued 2,200,000 shares at $15 per share. It later acquired 30,000 of these shares as treasury stock for $25 per share. Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
a. How many shares were authorized?
b. How many shares were issued?
c. How many shares are outstanding?
d. What is the balance of the Common Stock account?
Answer:
a)3,000,000 shares
b)2,200,000 shares
c)2,170,000 shares
d)$2,200,000
Explanation::
a) Based on the information given 3,000,000 shares were authorized
b) Based on the information given 2,200,000 shares were issued
c) Calculation for many shares are outstanding
Outstanding shares= (2,200,000 issued-30,000 in treasury)
Outstanding shares=2,170,000 shares
d) Calculation for the balance of the Common Stock account
Balance of the Common Stock account = ($1 × 2,200,000 shares
Balance of the Common Stock account=$2,200,000
Michelle is an active participant in the rental condominium property she owns. During the year, the property generates a ($15,000) loss; however, Michelle has sufficient tax basis and at-risk amounts to absorb the loss. If Michelle has $115,000 of salary, $10,000 of long-term capital gains, $3,000 of dividends, and no additional sources of income or deductions, how much loss can Michelle deduct
Answer: $11000
Explanation:
The total income earned by Mitchell will be the addition of the salary, long term capital gain and dividend. This will be:
= $115,000 + $10,000 + $3,000
= $128,000
The exception amount of $25000 can be gotten.
Modified adjusted gross income = $100,000
Phased out amount = ($128000 - $100000) × 50%
= $28000 × 0.5
= $14000
Mitchell's loss = $25000 - $14000 = $11000
Krepps Corporation produces a single product. Last year, Krepps manufactured 34,250 units and sold 28,400 units. Production costs for the year were as follows: Direct materials $284,275 Direct labor $140,425 Variable manufacturing overhead $256,875 Fixed manufacturing overhead $650,750 Sales totaled $1,434,200 for the year, variable selling and administrative expenses totaled $167,560, and fixed selling and administrative expenses totaled $215,775. There was no beginning inventory. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. Under variable costing, the company's net operating income for the year would be:
Answer:
just use the money the kreeps earned and buy your product's
Explanation:
Why were metal Coins suitable by then
Answer:
The coinage metals comprise, at a minimum, those metallic chemical elements which have historically been used as components in alloys used to mint coins. The term is not perfectly defined, however, since a number of metals have been used to make "demonstration coins" which have never been used to make monetized coins for any nation-state, but could be. Some of these elements would make excellent coins in theory (for example, zirconium), but their status as coin metals is not clear. In general, because of problems caused when coin metals are intrinsically valuable as commodities, there has been a trend in the 21st century toward use of coinage metals of only the least exotic and expensive types.
Explanation:
if it is helpful.......... plzzz. like and follow
Elbert Company classifies its selling and administrative expense budget into variable and fixed components. Variable expenses are expected to be $26,770 in the first quarter, and $5,240 increments are expected in the remaining quarters of 2020. Fixed expenses are expected to be $41,680 in each quarter. Prepare the selling and administrative expense budget by quarters and in total for 2020.
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Variable expense= $26,770 ($5,240 increase each quarter)
Fixed expense= $41,680
First, we will calculate the total cost per quarter:
Q1= 26,770 + 41,680
Q1= $68,450
Q2= (26,770 + 5,240) + 41,680
Q2= $73,690
Q3= (32,010 + 5,240) + 41,680
Q3= $78,930
Q4= (37,250 + 5,240) + 41,680
Q4= $84,170
Now, the total cost:
Total annual cost= $305,240
The amount of money that is earned on a deposit is
Explanation:
principal ...............
Answer:
Interest
Explanation:
interest is the amount that is earned on a deposit
Alfredo Inc. reports net income of $248,000 for the year ended December 31. It also reports $95,500 depreciation expense and a $5,900 gain on the sale of equipment. Its comparative balance sheet reveals a $39,100 decrease in accounts receivable, a $17,550 increase in accounts payable, and a $13,700 decrease in wages payable. Calculate the cash provided (used) in operating activities using the indirect method.
Answer:
$380,550
Explanation:
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $248,000
Adjustments to net income:
Depreciation expense $95,500
Gain on sale of equipment ($5,900)
Decrease in accounts rec. $39,100
Increase in accounts pay. $17,550
Decrease in wages payable ($13,700) $132,550
Net cash flow from operating activities $380,550
if this paper takes 2 hours and there are 100 questions in all, what is the average time you should spend on each question?
Cost of Living The City of St. Albans has a unionized police force that is coming up for a contract renewal. The police have one issue: the cost of living increases. During the past 10 years, police officers have received minimal cost of living increases, and this time they want to match what other police forces are making. They claim that their salaries are below the national level. The incoming new police hire earns a salary of $48,200.
Required:
Prepare the data and an argument on behalf of the police officers to support their position.
Answer:
Police officers are national servants. Their salary needs to be adequate so that they can maintain their standard of living.
Explanation:
Police officers should be paid according to their level of skills and expertise. If they are paid below their minimal cost of living then they will feel demotivated and will not be able to justify their job role. They need to be self motivated with their adequate pay so they feel pride to serve the nation. The police officers should be paid equally to the new police hire salary which is $48,200.
Spanolia LLC is estimating its WACC. Its bonds have a 12 percent coupon, paid semiannually, a current maturity of 20 years, and sell for 1,000 USD. The firm's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. What is the after-tax cost of debt
Galactic Inc. manufactures flying drone toys. Sales units for January, February, March, April and May were 320, 300, 372, 332, and 400 respectively. Budgeted production in units for January, February, and March were 315, 318, and 362 respectively. Each unit requires 3 direct labor hours and Galactic’s hourly labor rate is $16 per hour. The company’s variable overhead is $5.00 per unit produced and its fixed overhead is $5,600 per month..
Required:
a. Determine Galactic's direct labor budget for the first quarter.
b. Determine Galactic's manufacturing overhead budget for the first quarter
Answer:
Direct labor costs= $47,760
total manufacturing overhead= $10,575
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Production= 315 + 318 + 362= 995 units
Each unit requires 3 direct labor hours.
Hourly rate= $16
Variable overhead per unit= $5
Fixed overhead= $5,600
First, we need to calculate the direct labor hours:
Direct labor hours= 995*3= 2,985
Now, the direct labor costs:
Direct labor costs= $47,760
Finally, the total manufacturing overhead:
total manufacturing overhead= 5,600 + 5*995
total manufacturing overhead= $10,575
Kathy purchased a $2,000 digital TV from Young's Appliances. She will make 12 equal payments over the next year to pay for it. She is using:
A. closed-end credit.
B. open-end credit.
C.revolving check credit.
D.a line of credit.
Answer:
A. closed-end credit
Explanation:
Closed-end credit is a loan or a credit type where the funds would be dispersed at the time when the loan is closed and it would be paid back by involving the interest & finance charges
Since in the question it is mentioned that she would make the payment in 12 equal payments so here she is using closed-end credit
hence, the correct option is a.
Answer:
Closed-end credit
Explanation:
I got it right on the test
Media outlets often have websites that provide in-depth coverage of news and events. Portions of these websites are restricted to members who pay a monthly subscription to gain access to exclusive news and commentary. These websites typically offer a free trial period to introduce viewers to the website. Assume that during a recent fiscal year, one outlet spent $2,368,800 on a promotional campaign for its website that offered two free months of service for new subscribers. In addition, assume the following information:
Number of months an average new customer stays with the service (including the two free months) 22 months
Revenue per month per customer subscription $21
Variable cost per month per customer subscription $7
Determine the number of new customer accounts needed to break even on the cost of the promotional campaign. In forming your answer:
a. treat the cost of the promotional campaign as a fixed cost
b. treat the revenue less variable cost per account for the subscription period as the unit contribution margin.
Answer: 8,905 customers
Explanation:
Breakeven = Fixed cost / Contribution Margin
Fixed cost = $2,368,800
Contribution margin = Revenue - Variable cost
Revenue will be for 20 months because there were 2 free months:
= 21 * 20
= $420 per customer
Variable cost = 7 * 22
= $154
Contribution margin = 420 - 154
= $266
Breakeven = 2,368,800 / 266
= 8,905 customers
9. Stabilization Suppose the US educational system improves, making workers more productive. If the federal reserve is trying to stabilize the price level in response, they should A. do nothing, because prices will not change anyhow. B. do nothing, because prices cannot be prevented from changing in the long run C. sell bonds in open market operations. D. lower the reserve requirement. E. increase the discount rate F. Raise taxes. G. Increase government spending.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
If workers become more productive, the supply curve shifts rightward. As a result prices would fall. In a bid to stabilise price, the federal reserve would conduct an expansionary monetary policy to increase money supply in the economy
Expansionary monetary policy : these are polices taken in order to increase money supply. When money supply increases, aggregate demand increases. reducing reserve requirement and open market purchase are ways of carrying out expansionary monetary policy
Increasing discount rate and selling bonds are examples of contractionary monetary policies. Contractionary monetary policy : these are policies taken to reduce money supply.
Raising tax is an example of contractionary fiscal policy
Increasing government spending is an example of expansionary fiscal policy