The equilibrium is shown to shift to the product side when this reaction proceeds at increasing temperatures. The response could be formatted as follows: 2AB₂ + heat A₂ + 4B.
What is meant by Le Chatelier's principle?The guiding idea of Le Chatelier is as follows: A shift in the location of the equilibrium results from a change in one of the variables that characterise a system in equilibrium and cancels out the effects of that change.
Le Chatelier's principle states that there will typically be a net reaction that lessens the impact of a change in pressure, temperature, or the number of moles of a component in an equilibrium system.
The reaction is likely to be:
2AB₂ + heat → A₂ + 4B
This is due to Le Chatelier's principle, which asserts that an equilibrium reaction will veer to the side that opposes the change injected into the system. Thus, if the addition of heat favours the products, the reaction is endothermic.
Therefore, the correct answer is option b) 2AB₂ + heat A₂ + 4B.
The complete question is:
As this reaction takes place at higher temperatures, it is observed that the equilibrium shifts to the product side. The reaction may be written as follows:
a) 2AB₂ A₂ + 4B + heat
b) 2AB₂ + heat A₂ + 4B
c) A₂ + 4B 2AB + heat
d) 2A + B4 4A₂ B + heat
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how many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is ten monomers long?
Nine, with each coupled pair of monomers requiring the hydrolysis of one water.
What is meant by hydrolyze?In general, hydrolysis refers to the breaking of chemical bonds brought about by the presence of water and entails the reaction of an organic compound with water to produce two or more new chemicals.Any chemical reaction in which a water molecule breaks one or more chemical bonds is referred to as hydrolysis. The phrase is commonly used to refer to substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water serves as the nucleophile. Using water to break down a binding is known as hydrolysis.The word "hydrolyze" comes from the Greek words hydro and lysis, which mean "water break." Water (or H2O) separates into two components: a positive hydrogen atom, H+, and a negative hydroxide atom, (OH)-. The word "hydrolysis" literally means "water reaction."To learn more about hydrolyze refer to:
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an nacl solution is prepared by dissolving 20.0 g nacl in 150.0 g of water at 25°c. what is the vapor pressure of the solution if the vapor pressure of water at 25°c is 23.56 torr?
The vapor pressure of the NaCl solution is 22.66 torr.
What is Vapor Pressure?
It is the result of molecules escaping from the surface of a liquid or solid and entering the gas phase. The vapor pressure is dependent on the temperature and the intermolecular forces between the molecules. As the temperature increases, the vapor pressure of a substance increases as well.
To calculate the vapor pressure of the NaCl solution, we can use Raoult's law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution:
P = X_solvent * P°_solvent
where P is the vapor pressure of the solution, X_solvent is the mole fraction of the solvent (water), and P°_solvent is the vapor pressure of pure water.
moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass of NaCl
moles of water = 150.0 g / 18.015 g/mol = 8.326 mol
moles of NaCl = 20.0 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.342 mol
total moles = moles of water + moles of NaCl = 8.326 mol + 0.342 mol = 8.668 mol
X_water = moles of water / total moles = 8.326 mol / 8.668 mol = 0.962
P = X_water * P°_water
P = 0.962 * 23.56 torr = 22.66 torr
Therefore, the vapor pressure of the NaCl solution is 22.66 torr.
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How many c4h10 molecules are contained in 9. 213 g of this compound? how many hydrogen atoms?.
The number of C4H10 molecules and hydrogen atoms in 9.213 g of this compound is 9.48 x 10^23. This can be calculated by using the molecular weight and Avogadro's number.
The molecular weight of C4H10 can be calculated as :
4 x 12.01 + 10 x 1.01 = 58.12 g/mol.Dividing the mass of the sample (9.213 g) by the molecular weight gives us the number of moles of C4H10:
9.213 g ÷ 58.12 g/mol = 0.158 moles.Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23, can then be used to calculate the number of C4H10 molecules in the sample:
0.158 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol = 9.48 x 10^22 molecules.The number of hydrogen atoms in the sample can be calculated by multiplying the number of C4H10 molecules by the number of hydrogen atoms in each molecule, which is 10:
9.48 x 10^22 molecules x 10 hydrogen atoms/molecule = 9.48 x 10^23 hydrogen atoms.Learn more about Hydrogen Atoms:
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1. How many molecules are in 41 g of aspartame?
2. What is the mass in grams of 6.12 moles of aspartame?
3. How many atoms of nitrogen are in 7.1 mole of aspartame
1. There are 8.39 x 10^22 molecules in 41 g of aspartame.
2. The mass of 6.12 moles of aspartame is 1800.4 g.
3. There are 8.55 x 10^24 nitrogen atoms in 7.1 moles of aspartame.
Number of molecules calculationThe molecular formula of aspartame is C14H18N2O5. The molar mass of aspartame can be calculated as:
= (14 x 12.01) + (18 x 1.01) + (2 x 14.01) + (5 x 16.00)
= 294.30 g/mol
Number of moles of aspartame in 41 g = 41 g / 294.30 g/mol
= 0.1395 mol
Number of molecules = 0.1395 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol
= 8.39 x 10^22 molecules
2. Mass = number of moles x molar mass
Mass = 6.12 moles x 294.30 g/mol
= 1800.4 g
Therefore, the mass of 6.12 moles of aspartame is 1800.4 g.
3. The molecular formula of aspartame contains 2 nitrogen atoms. To calculate the number of nitrogen atoms in 7.1 moles of aspartame:
Number of nitrogen atoms = number of moles x Avogadro's number x number of nitrogen atoms in one molecule
Number of nitrogen atoms in one molecule of aspartame = 2
Number of nitrogen atoms = 7.1 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol x 2 nitrogen atoms/molecule
= 8.55 x 10^24 nitrogen atoms
Therefore, there are 8.55 x 10^24 nitrogen atoms in 7.1 moles of aspartame.
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When white light strikes this object, the light is completely absorbed, with none of it transmitted or reflected. Which type of object
could this be? (1 point)
O a black piece of paper
O a white sheet of plastic
O a green long-sleeved shirt
O a clear windowpane
The type of object that completely absorbs white light would be a black piece of paper. First option.
What are black bodies?Black bodies are objects that completely absorb all the components of white light.
White light is a mixture of different colors of light, each with a different wavelength and frequency.
When white light strikes a black body, the black body absorbs a large fraction of all the different colors, regardless of their wavelength. This absorption causes the light to be transformed into thermal energy, which increases the temperature of the black body.
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what property of water cause water to form a curved shape on the penny?
The property of water that causes it to form a curved shape on a penny is surface tension.
Surface tension is the cohesive force that exists between the water molecules at the surface of the liquid, causing them to stick together and form a "skin" or surface film. This property arises due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which creates a net inward force that reduces the surface area of the liquid, making it behave as if it has an elastic film stretched across it.
When a penny is placed on a flat surface and water droplets are added to it, the surface tension of the water causes it to form a nearly spherical shape on the penny. The cohesive forces of the water molecules pull the liquid into a shape with the least amount of surface area, which is a sphere, and the penny acts as a support that helps maintain the spherical shape of the water droplet. This surface tension phenomenon can be observed in various everyday situations, such as the formation of raindrops or the behavior of soap bubbles.
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Is NH4+ polar or nonpolar?
The NH4+ molecule is polar.
Polar molecules are those that have an uneven distribution of charge, resulting in a positive and negative side. Nonpolar molecules, on the other hand, have an even distribution of charge and do not have distinct positive or negative sides.
In the case of NH4+, the molecule has a positive charge due to the presence of an extra hydrogen atom. This extra hydrogen atom creates an uneven distribution of charge, making the molecule polar.
Additionally, the four hydrogen atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral shape around the central nitrogen atom, further contributing to the molecule's polarity. Therefore, NH4+ is a polar molecule.
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Hydrogen and oxygen react under a specific set o conditions to produce water according to the following: 2H2(8) + 02(8) -> 2H20(8).
a. How many moles of hydrogen would be required to produce 5.0 mol of water?
b. How many moles of oxvgen would be required?
Answer:
a. To produce 5.0 mol of water, we need to know the number of moles of hydrogen involved in the reaction. The chemical equation 2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(g) tells us that 2 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of oxygen to produce 2 moles of water. So, to produce 5.0 mol of water, we need 2.5 moles of hydrogen.
b. If we know the number of moles of hydrogen, we can calculate the number of moles of oxygen required for the reaction. The chemical equation tells us that 2 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of oxygen, so if we have 2.5 moles of hydrogen, we would need 1.25 moles of oxygen.
Is KOH an acid or base in water?
KOH is a base in water.
When KOH dissolves in water, it produces hydroxide ions (OH-) which makes the solution basic. The chemical equation for this reaction is: KOH (s) → K+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
The presence of the hydroxide ions is what makes the solution basic. In contrast, an acid would produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. So, KOH is a base in water.
The inorganic compound potassium hydroxide is identified by the chemical symbol KOH. Other names for potassium hydroxide include caustic potash, lye, and potash lye. This alkali metal hydroxide has great base strength. Potassium hydroxide emerges as a transparent solution in its aqueous form.
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there are several aromatic compounds with the formula c8h9cl. draw those that have a disubstituted ring where the chlorine is attached to the ring.
The three aromatic compounds, o-chloromethyltoluene, m-chloromethyltoluene, p-chloromethyltoluene for C₈H₉Cl are drawn.
Ortho (same side) means a 1,2 relationship between two aromatic substituents, meta means 1,3, and para (opposite sides) means 1,4.
A default aromatic ring is benzene,C₆H₆, so consider C₆H₄ by default for a disubstituted aromatic ring without substituents and go from there. With two carbons and 5 hydrogens available, and the chlorine not directly on the ring.
We can have −CH₂Cl as one substituent and CH₃ as the other. This accounts for the remaining C₂H₅ in the formula.
We can move one of substituents around for the isomers.
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What allows us to convert from moles of one substance to moles of another substance? a) Formula mass b) Molecular mass c) A balanced chemical equation d) A conversion table
The moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction are connected by a conversion factor called a mole ratio. The numbers in a conversion factor are provided by the coefficients of the balanced chemical equation.
What is Molecular mass?A given molecule's mass, expressed in daltons, is known as its molecular mass. Because various isotopes of an element are present in distinct molecules of the same substance, their molecular weights might vary. The mass of 6.022 10 23 atoms, molecules, or formula units of a substance are equal to its molar mass, which is the mass of 1 mole of that substance represented in grams per mole. A unit used to describe the masses of individual atoms and molecules is the atomic mass unit (u). The weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes, or atomic mass, is calculated. The combined masses of a molecule's atoms make up its molecular mass.To learn more about Molecular mass, refer to:
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How do you read Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry?
Take up the book to read, look over the contents, read the introduction and conclusion, and then read a few sections from the main body. Finally, since this is your first reading, read the book cover to cover without making any notes or checking anything up.
To read Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry, you should follow these steps:
1. Begin by reading the introduction to each chapter to get an overview of the main concepts and themes that will be covered.
2. Look at the chapter headings and subheadings to get an idea of the organization of the material.
3. Pay attention to any diagrams or tables that are included, as these can help to visualize complex concepts.
4. Take notes as you read, and make sure to highlight any key terms or important concepts.
5. Practice problems and review questions at the end of each chapter can also help to reinforce your understanding of the material.
By following these steps, you can effectively read and understand Lehninger's Principles of Biochemistry.
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What is the Lewis structure of HNO2?
The central N atom in the HNO₂ Lewis structure is sp² hybridized.
The hybridization of N is calculated by the following formula,
H = 0.5(V+M-C+A), where H= hybridization value, V is the number of valence electrons in the central atom, M = monovalent atoms surrounded, C=no. of cation, A=no. of the anion.
H is an s block element with the valence orbital of s and the electronic configuration 1s1. The s block element should fill its s orbital by two electrons in accordance with the octet rule because the s orbital can only hold a maximum of two electrons according to Hund's rule of multiplicity.
To create a strong covalent bond, H and O each share one electron. Now that a bond has been shared, H has two electrons in its valence orbital, completing its octet.
Given that the s orbital only has two electrons and the p orbital has a maximum capacity of six electrons due to its three subshells, the p block element's valence shell should be completed by six electrons.
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are there any places on earth where the mid-oceanic ridges meet the continent?
Answer:
Yes, there are places on earth where mid-oceanic ridges meet the continents. These areas are known as "continental rift zones" or "divergent plate boundaries," and they occur where tectonic plates are pulling away from each other, causing a rift or a valley to form. As the continental crust thins and stretches, it may be separated by a mid-oceanic ridge or a seafloor spreading center.
One example of a place where a mid-oceanic ridge meets a continent is the East African Rift. This is a divergent boundary where the African Plate is splitting into two parts, and a new ocean is beginning to form. The rift runs through several countries in eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. Another example is the Red Sea, which is a young ocean that formed as the Arabian Plate separated from the African Plate along a divergent boundary.
So, in summary, there are several places on earth where the mid-oceanic ridges meet the continents, forming rift zones or divergent plate boundaries.
Which of these equations represents the second ionization of magnesium?
A Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e−
B Mg(g) → Mg2+(g) + 2e−
C Mg+(g) + e− → Mg2+(g)
D Mg(g) + 2e− → Mg2+(g)
The equation that represents the second ionization of magnesium is option D: Mg(g) + 2e- → Mg2+(g).
In the first ionization of magnesium, one electron is removed from the neutral magnesium atom to form a magnesium cation, Mg+. In the second ionization, another electron is removed from the magnesium cation to form a magnesium dication, Mg2+. The equation for this process is D, Mg(g) + 2e- → Mg2+(g).
Option A, Mg+(g) → Mg2+(g) + e-, represents the formation of a magnesium cation from a magnesium dication and an electron, which is the reverse process of the second ionization.
Option B, Mg(g) → Mg2+(g) + 2e-, represents the formation of a magnesium dication from a neutral magnesium atom, which is the correct process for the second ionization.
Option C, Mg+(g) + e- → Mg2+(g), represents the formation of a magnesium dication from a magnesium cation and an electron, which is not a second ionization.
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Name the smallest particle of an element that can retain all the chemical properties.?
Atom is the smallest particle of an element that can retain all the chemical properties.
Atom is defined as the smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down through chemical process. Each atom contains a nucleus (which is its center, and nucleus is made up of protons (positive particles) and neutrons (particles with no charge). Electrons which are negative charged particles, move around the nucleus.
Generally, the electrons which are associated with atoms are found to have measurable properties which exhibit quantization. The electrons are basically found in quantized energy states of the lowest possible energy for the atom, known as ground states.
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how to convert moles to atoms calculator?
By using the relation, Atoms = Moles × 6.022×10²³ , we can convert moles to atoms calculator.
What is atom?The smallest unit of matter that may be divided without producing electrically charged particles is the atom. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics. As a result, the atom serves as the fundamental unit of chemistry.
Space makes up the majority of an atom. The rest is made up of an accumulation of electrons that are negatively charged surrounding a nucleus with a positive charge made up of protons and neutrons. Compared to electrons, whose happen to be the lightest charged substances in nature, the nucleus relatively small and dense. By using the relation, Atoms = Moles × 6.022×10²³ , we can convert moles to atoms calculator.
Therefore, by using the relation, Atoms = Moles × 6.022×10²³ , we can convert moles to atoms calculator.
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Find the volume, in liters of 8.00 g O₂ at STP?
Answer: V = 5.60 L
Explanation:
At STP (standard temperature and pressure) are the following values.
T = 273K of 0°C
P = 1.00 atm
R is the gas constant.
R = 0.08206 L atm/K mol
To find the volume in liters we will use PV = nRT.
Step 1: Convert 8.00 g O₂ to moles O₂.
8.00 g O₂ x (1 mol O₂/32.00 g O₂) = 0.250 mol O₂
Step 2: Rearrange PV = nRT to isolate V.
V = nRT/P
Step 3: Insert the known values into the equation and solve for V.
V = [(0.250 mol O₂) x (0.08206 L atm/ K mol) x 273K] / 1.00 atm
V = 5.60 L
Note that all units cancel except for L.
Menthol, C10H200, is a compound often
used in creams and lotions for muscle
aches. If there are 10.0 grams of menthol
in a cream, how many hydrogen atoms
are in the menthol sample?
[?] x 10¹²] atoms H
Enter the coefficient in the green blank and the
exponent in the yellow blank. Report your answer
to the appropriate number of significant figures!
Coefficient (green)
Exponent (yellow)
Enter
There are approximately 1.28 x 10²³ hydrogen atoms in 10.0 grams of menthol.
What is menthol?Menthol is chemical compound that is found naturally in peppermint and other similar plants.
molar mass of menthol = (10 x 12.01) + (20 x 1.01) + (2 x 15.99) = 156.27 g/mol
moles of menthol = mass of menthol / molar mass of menthol
moles of menthol = 10.0 g / 156.27 g/mol = 0.0639 mol
number of hydrogen atoms = moles of menthol x number of hydrogen atoms per mole
So, number of hydrogen atoms = 0.0639 mol x 20 = 1.28 mol
Therefore, there are approximately 1.28 x 10²³ hydrogen atoms in 10.0 grams of menthol.
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Barium metal was quantitatively precipitated from a 1.52 g sample of BaCl2â2H2O. The mass of the barium that was collected was 0.844 g. Calculate the experimental mass percent of barium in the sample.Calculate the theoretical mass percent of barium in BaCl2â2H2O.
This same sample's experimental mass percentage containing barium is 55.526.
What does barium do to the body?Barium compounds which dissolved in water or the stomach when consumed in very large quantities might cause human paralysis or heart rhythm abnormalities. Some people who consumed or drank a significant amount of barium but failed to seek medical attention immediately perished.
Given that a 1.52 g sample of BaCl22H2O quantitatively precipitated barium metal.
This barium that was gathered had a mass of 0.844 g.
We must ascertain the sample's experiment mass percent of barium
Let the barium content be expressed as x/100.
x/100×1.52=0.844
0.0152x=0.844
x=55.526
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What is a polyatomic ion definition?
is sodium chloride a heterogeneous mixture
No, sodium chloride is homogeneous mixture. Homogeneous mixtures are those in which the ingredients have been mixed together and are distributed equally throughout the mixture.
To put it another way, "they are consistent throughout." In a homogeneous mixture, there is only one phase of matter that can be observed. Important details about such mixtures include:
No, sodium chloride (NaCl) is not a heterogeneous mixture. Sodium chloride is a chemical compound with a fixed ratio of sodium ions (Na+) to chloride ions (Cl-), and it has a uniform composition throughout the sample. In other words, each particle of sodium chloride contains the same amount of sodium and chloride atoms in a fixed ratio, and there are no distinct regions or phases within the sample. Therefore, sodium chloride is a homogeneous mixture or a pure substance, depending on the context of the question.
It is worth noting that if we dissolve sodium chloride in water, then we get a homogeneous mixture, which is a solution. In this case, the dissolved sodium chloride ions are uniformly distributed throughout the solution, and there are no distinct regions or phases within the sample.
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of the halogen family, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, which would you expect not to produce a positive beilstein test result?
The Beilstein test is a test for halogens, which identifies the presence of halogens in an organic compound. The test is based on the observation that halogen atoms produce a green flame when a compound containing halogens is introduced into a flame.
Of the halogens in the halogen family (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine), fluorine is the halogen that would not produce a positive Beilstein test result. This is because fluorine is so reactive that it will react with the copper wire used in the test, preventing the green flame from being produced. In contrast, chlorine, bromine, and iodine will react with the copper wire to produce a green flame, indicating the presence of halogens in the compound being tested.
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a chemical equation is a statement using chemical that expresses both the identities and the relative of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change.
A chemical equation is a statement using chemical formulas that express both the identities and the relative quantity of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change.
The chemical equation is said to be balanced if there are no inequalities.
The relative quantity is generally an absolute quantity divided by some other quantity. For example, in the previous excel file, one could calculate the percent of the adult population infected with HIV by dividing the number of adults with HIV by the total adult population of the country.
The main four types of reactions are direct combination, analysis reaction, single displacement, and double displacement.
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If 5 moles of hydrogen gas reacts with excess nitrogen gas, how many grams of ammonia gas will be produced?
The mass (in grams) of ammonia, NH₃ that will be produced when 5 moles of hydrogen reacts is 56.61 grams
How do I determine the mass of ammonia produced?First, we shall obtain the moles of ammonia produce from the reaction. Details below:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) -> 2NH₃(g)
From the balanced equation above,
3 moles of H₂ reacted to produce 2 moles of NH₃
Therefore,
5 moles of H₂ will react to produce = (5 × 2) / 3 = 3.33 moles of NH₃
Finally, we shall determine the mass of ammonia, NH₃ produced from the reaction. Details below:
Mole of ammonia, NH₃ = 3.33 moles Molar mass of ammonia, NH₃ = 17 g/mol Mass of ammonia, NH₃ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Cross multiply
Mass = Mole × molar mass
Mass of ammonia, NH₃ = 3.33 × 17
Mass of ammonia, NH₃ = 56.61 grams
Thus, the mass of ammonia, NH₃ is 56.61 grams
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Which has the most thermal energy?
Answer:
Explanation:
If all other conditions are the same, substances in gas form have the most thermal energy, followed by liquids, then solids. Temperature can be measured with a thermometer. The matter inside a thermometer expands as its particles gain thermal energy and move.
Given the balanced equation naoh + hcl --> nacl + h2o, what is the total number of grams of h2o produced when 116 g of the product nacl is formed?.
The total number of grams of water produced when 116 g of sodium chloride is formed is 35.58 g.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O) is given as:
NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O
Since the equation is balanced, the ratio of the number of moles of each substance involved in the reaction is also the ratio of their masses. To find the number of grams of water produced, we first need to determine the number of moles of sodium chloride produced. We can use the molar mass of sodium chloride, which is 58.44 g/mol:
116 g NaCl / 58.44 g/mol
=> 1.98 moles NaCl
From the balanced equation, we know that for every mole of sodium chloride produced, one mole of water is also produced.
So, the number of moles of water produced is the same as the number of moles of sodium chloride produced:
1.98 moles H2O
Finally, to find the number of grams of water produced, we multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of water, which is 18.02 g/mol:
1.98 moles H2O * 18.02 g/mol
=> 35.58 g H2O
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Why were the crucible heated before the hydrate was added?
The crucible heated before the hydrate was added is to remove the moisture.
What is crucible and its uses?
Crucible is a type of container that is used to heat substances to very high temperatures. It is typically made of a heat-resistant material such as porcelain, metal, or graphite. It is used in a variety of laboratory and industrial processes such as metal smelting, distillation, and synthesis. Crucibles are often used to separate components of a sample by melting them away from the sample and then cooling the remained material for further analysis.
Heating the crucible before adding the hydrate serves two purposes. First, it ensures that any residual moisture in the crucible is removed. Second, heating the crucible helps to ensure that the hydrate is completely dehydrated. The crucible is typically heated before adding a hydrate because hydrates are compounds that contain water molecules, which can be chemically bound to the other components of the compound. When the hydrate is heated, the water molecules can be driven off through a process called dehydration, leaving behind the anhydrous compound.
Therefore, in order to remove the moisture the is crucible heated.
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What is the empirical formula of C4H8O2
Answer:
Explanation:
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms that make up the compound. To find the empirical formula of a compound, you first need to determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound.
For C4H8O2, there are 4 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. To simplify the ratio to its simplest form, divide each of these numbers by the greatest common factor, which is 2 in this case. The empirical formula is then:
C4H8O2 ÷ 2 = C2H4O1
So the empirical formula of C4H8O2 is C2H4O1.
All parts of the question.
The substance which is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete is known as the limiting reactant. Here HgO is the limiting reactant.
What is theoretical yield?The amount of the product which is predicted by the stoichiometry is called the theoretical yield. A reaction yield is reported as the percentage of the theoretical amount.
% yield = Actual yield / Theoretical yield × 100
a. 11.50 × 1 mol HgO / 216.6 × 1 mol HgCl₂ / 1 mol HgO × 271.5 g HgCl₂ / 1 mol HgCl₂ = 14.41 g HgCl₂
12.46 g Cl₂ × 1 mol Cl₂ / 70.90 g × 1 mol HgCl₂ / 2 mol Cl₂ × 271.5 g HgCl₂ / 1 mol HgCl₂ = 23.85 g HgCl₂
So HgO is the limiting reactant.
b. 11.50 × 1 mol HgO / 216.6 × 1 mol Cl₂O / 1 mol HgO × 86.90 g Cl₂O / 1 mol Cl₂O = 4.61 g Cl₂O
c. 2.99 / 4.61 × 100 = 64.85 %
d. Moles of Cl₂ available - Moles of Cl₂ required = 0.1757 - 0.01062 = 0.1651 moles.
Thus HgO is the limiting reactant.
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