Why is using dendroclimatology not always a true measure of a past climate?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Dendrochronology is the study of data from tree ring growth. Due to the sweeping and diverse applications of this data, specialists can come from many academic disciplines. There are no degrees in dendrochronology because though it is useful across the board, the method itself is fairly limited. Most people who enter into studying tree rings typically come from one of several disciplines: 1.

Explanation:

    Along with the advantages of dendroclimatology are some limitations: confounding factors, geographic coverage, annular resolution, and collection difficulties. The field has developed various methods to partially adjust for these challenges.

There are multiple climate and non-climate factors as well as nonlineareffects that impact tree ring width. Methods to isolate single factors (of interest)


Related Questions

A science class is learning about exothermic reactions, which are reactions that transform chemical energy into heat. The students combine substance X and substance Y in a beaker. A chemical reaction between X and Y creates new substance Z. How could the students tell whether the reaction is exothermic?
A. They could measure the change in mass of substance X and substance Y using a balance.
B. They could measure the increase in temperature of the mixed substances using a thermometer.
C. They could measure how long the chemical reaction lasts using a stopwatch.
D. They could measure the volume of substance Z using a graduated cylinder.

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

The students could tell whether the reaction is exothermic by measure the increase in temperature of the mixed substances using a thermometer.

What is exothermic reactions?

Those reactions which produces heat in the form of energy is known as exothermic reaction.

So to tell whether the reaction is exothermic in nature student should measure the temperature of the reaction beaker befor adding the reactants and after the mixing of reactants.

They could measure the change in mass of substance X and substance Y using a balance, how long the chemical reaction lasts using a stopwatch and volume of substance Z using a graduated cylinder are not considered as they have relation with heat.

Hence student could measure the increase in temperature of the mixed substances using a thermometer.

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Describe ‘selectively permeable’ in your own words.

Answers

Selective permeable is when cellular membranes only let particular or select molecules enter or leave the cell.

I hope that helped! Good luck! ✨✌

Answer: Specifically permeable methods a layer permits the section of certain atoms or particles and hinders the entry of others. The ability to channel sub-atomic vehicle thusly is called specific penetrability.

Explanation:

Which answer best describes the continental shelf?
75-mile shallow flat area just off coastlines
thick deposits of sediments carried out from land
the surf area along coastlines
area of land that drops toward deep ocean basins

Answers

It’s not the surf area along coastlines

The answer that best describes the continental shelf is thick deposits of sediments carried out from land. The correct option is b.

What is a continental shelf?

Geologists refer to the portion of the continental margin between the shoreline and the shelf break—or. In the absence of a discernible slope, between the shoreline and the point where the depth of the adjacent water is roughly between 100 and 200 meters—as the "continental shelf."

Where the continental shelf stops, the continental slope starts. It serves as a dividing line between the oceanic and continental crusts, much as its name suggests.

The continental slope separates the crusts of the continents and the oceans. Gravity's effect causes soil, boulders, and debris to eventually wash down the steep sides of a continental slope over time. At the bottom of the slope, they amass into a clump.

Therefore, the correct option is b, thick deposits of sediments carried out from land.

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All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum, usually referred to as the speed of light. This speed is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second and is represented by the symbol c.

Identify the formula you can use to calculate the speed of an electromagnetic wave.

Answers

Answer:

The following formula is used to calculate the speed or velocity of a wave. V = f * w Where V is the velocity (m/s) f is the frequency (hz)

All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, which is approximately 300 million metres per second (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s). The wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves vary. Electromagnetic waves with longer wavelengths have lower frequencies, while those with shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies.

What are electromagnetic waves ?

Electromagnetic radiation is made up of electromagnetic field waves that travel through space carrying momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are all examples of electromagnetic waves.

In general, light travels in waves, and all electromagnetic radiation travels at the same speed through a vacuum, which is approximately 3.0 * 108 metres per second. This is referred to as the "speed of light" because nothing can move faster than the speed of light.

v = λ f.

Thus,The speed of electromagnetic waves in free space is the speed of light c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s. Electromagnetic waves have any wavelength λ or frequency f as long as λf = c.

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Identify each type of disturbance

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Acid-base disturbances have profound effects on the body. Acidemia results in arrhythmia, decreased cardiac output, depression, and bone demineralization. Alkalemia results in tetany and convulsions, weakness, polydipsia and polyuria. Thus, the body will immediately respond to changes in pH or H+, which must be kept within strict defined limits. As soon as there is a metabolic or respiratory acid-base disturbance, body buffers immediately soak up the proton (in acidosis) or release protons (alkalosis) to offset the changes in H+ (i.e. the body compensates for the changes in H+). This is very effective so minimal changes in pH occur if the body is keeping up or the acid-base abnormality is mild. However, once buffers are overwhelmed, the pH will change and kick in stronger compensatory responses. Remember that the goal of the body is to keep hydrogen (which dictates pH) within strict defined limits.

the answer is just above great job . But to add a little bit into its you need

Which force is a contact force

A. Leaves falling
B. A bike Braking
C. A magnet pulling
D. Lighting forming

Answers

Answer:

B. a bike braking

Explanation:

It involves friction! Hope this helps!

B a bike braking because your contacting force on the bike .

Explain how the surrounding water (the Atlantic Ocean and the Long Island Sound) affects the climate of Long Island. Make sure to discuss the specific property(s) that is involved. GIVING BRAINLIEST TO FIRST RIGHT ANSWER!!!!!!

Answers

Please explain more please

Jenny had 50 g of canola oil and 63 g of olive oil stored at room temp (20*c). She wondered Does the type of cooking oil affect how much thermal energy it takes to raise the temp of the oil? She created the follow hypothesis : If both canola oil and olivia oil are at the same temp (20* C) Then they would need the same amount of thermal energy to raise the temp to the same final temp (60* C)
Do you agree or disagree with jennys hypothesis provide a reason to support your decision

Answers

Answer: agree

Explanation:

Amani wants to know if crushed ice or whole ice melts faster. She puts the whole ice in a bowl on the kitchen counter. She puts the crushed ice in a bowl in the oven. Lastly, she times both bowls of ice to see which melts fastest. Is this a valid experiment? Why or why not?

Answers

Yes,

     Because she wants to know which melts faster so she puts a bowl of crushed ice in a oven, which in then can melt it. If she turns on the oven light she will be able to understand if it melts.

If she leaves it out on the counter the regular un-crushed ice, she can see if that is also melted faster but this is in fact a valid experiment.

The elephant toothpaste reaction and the reaction of sugar and sulfuric acid are examples of exothermic reactions. How do you know if an exothermic reaction has occurred?


HALP

Answers

heat, if some sort of heat is produced this would explain the reaction. i think lol

Answer:

Here at science made simple we are keen to inspire not only the next generation of scientists but also the next generation of science communicators. Supporting work experience students each year is an important part of what we do.  Our work experience students get a chance to see a range of the activities that science made simple is involved with and we always set them challenge to produce some science communication themselves, whether designing a demo, delivering a short presentation or, in this case, writing a blogpost that includes all of these!

We hope you enjoy this from one of our latest work experience students, Bilaal, we loved having him in the office and think he’s got a promising career ahead of him.

————————————————————————————————————————–

This blogpost looks at two types of reactions: exothermic and endothermic. We’ll also be looking at reversible reactions– reactions in which the products can react to remake the original reactants. Plus, a great demonstration of an exothermic reaction.

Explanation:

Help please for 10 points

Answers

Answer:

Sample Response: Only characteristics that are coded for by genes can be inherited. The shape of a person's face is inherited because this characteristic is coded for by genes. Characteristics that are due to environmental factors cannot be inherited. A scar due to an injury cannot be inherited because this characteristic is a result of an environmental factor.

Explanation:

Answer:

the shape of a persons face, usually the shape

of a person's face can be inherited because of genes for example I have a round face in my genes c:

What are some of the Causes of air pollution in Utah, and what Effects does that have on you and/or society?

Answers

Answer:

cars

Explanation:

Answer:

well I don't live in Utah but I have a cabin up there. The air can be caused by the gas coming out of cars and trucks and  burning solid fuel. I think it effects Utah's people and society because them breathing the bad chemicals goes through their lungs and will cause  them to have breathing problems.

Explanation:

the half-life of sodium-24 is 15 days. A laboratory technician measures out a 72 g sample. Approximately how many grams of sodium-24 would remain after 45 days?

Answers

Answer: 9 grams left After 45 days

Explanation:

Given,

Half life of sodium-24 = 15 days

Measured Sample = 72 grams

After 45 days how many grams remains is :

Number of half lives = time elapsed / half life

Number of half lives = 45 days / 15 days

Number of half lives = 3

At time zero total amount = 72 g

After first half life = 72 g/ 2= 36 g

At 2nd half life = 36 g/2 = 18 g

At 3rd half life = 18 g/2 = 9 g

Hence After 45 days 9 grams left.

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following a volcanic eruption which event is usualy the last one to be observed

Answers

Answer: usually the lava flowes out and starts burning down buildings and sturctures and by that happens people usually have evacutated the premises.

Explanation:

Answer:

A. grasses begin to grow in soil with organic matter

B. tress begin to grow in thick rich soil

C. mosses begin to grow in thin rocky soil

D. lichens begin to cover bare rock

It would be B. because that comes last.

Explanation:

Whenever a volcano erupts, it puts a layer of rock over everything. Basically, over years and years, lichens will start growing and breaking down the rock. A bunch of years later, mosses will begin to grow in the "soil" that the lichens broke down. When the rocky dirt becomes actual dirt, grasses will start to grow. After that shrubs, and then trees.

Hope this helped! :)

Match the definitions below with the correct component of the scientific method:

1.
Analyze your data and relate it back to your hypothesis.

2.
Define a problem to focus the goal of your experiment.

3.
Obtain information while conducting your experiment.

4.
Make a prediction about the outcome of your experiment

5.
Use your senses to gather information around you.

6.
Design an experiment and conduct trials to assess your hypothesis.

a.
Make observations
b.
Conduct testing
c.
Collect data
d.
Draw conclusions
e.
Ask questions
f.
Form a hypothesis

Answers

A and 3

B and 6

C and 5

D and 1

E and 2

F and 4

Two body systems work together to help remove waste products from blood. What are these two systems?

Answers

Answer:

circulatory and excretory

plz brainliest

Explanation:

Your circulatory system carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells throughout your body. Wastes from the cells are eliminated by your respiratory system, your excretory system, and your skin. Your nervous system controls all these activities with electrical impulses.

The organ systems which are working together to helps to remove waste products from blood are circulatory system and excretory system.

What are organ systems?

Organs systems are groups of organs joined together to perform specific functions in body. There are various organs systems in our body such as respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, excretory systems etc.

Among which, circulatory system is circulating the pure blood and oxygen  through  out our body. It removes wastes from blood and purify blood and oxygenate it.

Excretory system is removing liquid and solid wastes from out body with help of a pair of kidneys. They contains a large number of sieve like structure called nephrons  which filter out the urine. Therefore, the organs systems helps to remove waste products are circulatory system and excretory system.

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:( plz help and can u guys help me with my math

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

~hybrid is 1 ~

~traits is number 2~

~selecion breading is number 3~

~artificialselection is 4~

~domestic is 5~

hope this helps

                                      ~jimmarion~

Answer:

The first blank is Domestic. The second blank is Traits. The third blank is Hybrid The fourth blank is selective breeding The last blank is Artificial selection

Explanation:

Part of the Appalachian mountain range is at the same latitude as Tokyo how would their climates compare

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

they compare because tokyo is closer to the equater and that means it would be a little warmer

Sayyid drew a diagram to compare the gravitational and electromagnetic forces.


Which label belongs in the area marked X?

is attractive only
acts within the nucleus
attracts and repels
has an infinite range

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

GIVING BRAINLIEST, FIVE STARS AND THANKS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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What are the advantages of using nuclear energy instead of oil and coal to produce energy?

Answers

Answer:

The advantages of nuclear energy:

*produces low-cost energy

*it releases zero carbon emissions,

*there is a promising future for nuclear technology

*it has a high energy density

*it is reliable

hope this helps, have a great day! :D

Answer:

this? ppl weren't rlly helping so here ya go u don't have to use it :p

HELP ME PLEASE ITS DUE 11:59 TODAY

Answers

Im sorry but its a pdf i can write on it :(

Describe at least 2 ways in which nature can impact an ecosystem over a long period of time.
:(

Answers

Answer:

Wind, rain, predation and earthquakes are all examples of natural processes which impact an ecosystem. Humans also affect ecosystems by reducing habitat, over-hunting, broadcasting pesticides or fertilizers, and other influences. The line between natural and human caused effects often blurs.

Explanation:

#i hope it's help

What’s the answer ?

Answers

Answer:

45 kJ

Explanation:

Answer:

45 kJ

Explanation:

Which statement best describes the acceleration of the box

Answers

Answer:

c please tell me if im wroung

Answer:

I think it is C. I remember taking a test like this before.

Explanation:

You observe your friend rub a balloon on their wool sweater and then stick it to the wall. To investigate, you set up an experiment to test whether other objects will respond in the same way when you rub them against a sweater. What is the test variable in your experiment?

The number of times you rubbed the object on the sweater
The observation that the object sticks to the wall
The sweater you use to rub against the objects
The type of objects you are testing in the experiment

Answers

Answer:

The sweater you use to rub against the object

Explanation:

The material can change the the outcome

Identify the molecule that is a carbohydrate.

propylene
methane
poly-saccharide
lipid


NEED HELP ASAP!!!

Answers

the answer is lipid

i just answered the same question
The answer would be a lipid,lipids are fats and pretty much so are carbs so the answer would be. D

What does it accomplis

Answers

Answer:

F

Explanation:

He walked up the ramp but a shorter distance. He also would have exert more force for the ramp some it is at a angle /.

F
Explain
Because he is going up with more force but it will be a shorter distance

PLEASE HURRY!!! Why was it important to establish the Clean Air Act?
a. to reduce the need to study the effects of dirty air on human health
b. to determine ways to reduce the number of premature deaths per year
c. to create a regulation that makes any activities that pollute the air illegal
d. to make sure that no government activities polluted the local atmosphere

Answers

Answer:c

Explanation:

I think its this one because its the one that makes the most sense

Answer:

c. to create a regulation that makes any activities that pollute the air illegal...

Explanation:

Hey! Could someone help? *spam answers not tolerated*

What is the result of a decrease in salinity in the ocean? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. (Hint: means 2 or more answers!)
sunlight is bent at a smaller angle
sunlight is bent at a greater angle
the electrical conductivity of sea water increases
the electrical conductivity of sea water decreases

Answers

Answer:

The correct answers are sunlight is bent at a smaller angle and the electrical conductivity of seawater decreases.

Explanation:

1 and 4 are the correct answer

Hope it helps :)

Brandy knows that chromosomes behave differently in meiosis and mitosis.

What do chromosomes do in meiosis but not in mitosis?



Each chromosome makes an exact copy of itself


Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell


The homologous chromosomes form pairs


Chromosomes condense, becoming visible under a microscope

Answers

Answer:

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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