who said electrons travel in paths called energy levels

When we titrate a weak acid with a strong base, there is a sharp increase in pH at the beginning of the titration.

During the titration of a weak acid with a strong base, very often there is a sharp increase in pH at the beginning of the titration. This happens because the anion of the weak acid becomes a common ion which reduces the ionization of the acid. Soon after the sharp increase at the beginning of the titration the curve only changes gradually. This is caused because the solution is only acting as a buffer.

General titration of an acid with a strong base:

Basically, at equivalence point, the only species which is present in the solution are the neutral ions (the cation from the strong base and the anion from the strong acid) and water.

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Carbon dioxide is decreased and water is oxidized during photosynthesis.

Accordingly, oxygen loses electrons while carbon dioxide acquires them. Because light energy converts these electrons to carbon dioxide throughout this process, the water ([tex]$$H_2O[/tex]) received by plant roots loses electrons.

By transferring electrons, carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates like glucose. When water is oxidized, oxygen is also created as a byproduct.

One of the most vital processes that support life in living things is photosynthesis. Green plants utilise solar energy in this method to convert it into chemical energy.

As a result, in the process, oxygen and carbohydrates are produced from carbon dioxide and water. Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere comes from this process, which also powers the food web's foundation.

Therefore, the correct answer is option e. water; carbon dioxide.

The complete question is:

During photosynthesis, _____ is reduced to _____.

a. carbon dioxide; oxygen

b. sugar; oxygen

c. oxygen; water

d. carbon dioxide; sugar

e. water; carbon dioxide

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O3 is called as Ozone. There are two resonance structure in O3 that contribute equally to the overall hybrid structure of the molecule.

Resonance structures can be drawn in different ways. In resonance structures, one can only change the location of bonds and electron pairs and not the amount or type of atoms. Ozone is an inorganic molecule with the formula O₃. Ozone is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope O₂. That breaks down in the lower atmosphere to O₂. It  is used in many industries. Ozone is used for purifying air and drinking water in industrial waste treatment, oils, bleaching and waxes and to make other chemicals. Two resonance structures can be drawn for ozone. The location of the double bond changes in the structure. Both the resonance structures of ozone are stable.

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Acetylcholine is a chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, that is released by nerve cells in the brain and nervous system.

It plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse, or gap, between nerve cells. Acetylcholine is involved in many functions of the body, including muscle movement, memory, and cognition.

Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, where it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This binding triggers an electrical signal, or action potential, in the postsynaptic neuron, which then propagates the nerve impulse to other cells.

After it has done its job, acetylcholine is broken down by an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, so that it can no longer bind to the receptors and trigger an action potential.

Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS, it is involved in memory and cognition. In the PNS, it is involved in the control of muscle movement, including the contraction of skeletal muscles and the regulation of smooth muscles in the digestive tract, lungs, and other organs.

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The pressure of the gas inside the canister can be determined using the ideal gas equation. The pressure inside the canister is 126.7 atm.

Ideal gas equations states the relation between volume, pressure, temperature and number of moles of gas as written below:

PV = nRT.

Where R is the universal gas constant equal to 0.082 L atm/K mol.

Given the volume of the tank  V = 1 L

number of moles n = 2 moles

temperature = 500 ° C = 773 k

Then pressure P = nRT/V.

Pressure of  gas = 2 moles ×773 K× 0.082 L atm/K mol /(1 L)

P = 126 atm.

Therefore, the pressure of the gas in the canister is 126 atm.

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The frequency of the light with a wavelength of the 300nm is  1 × 10¹⁵ Hz.

The wavelength of the light = 300 nm = 300 × 10⁻⁹ m

The frequency of the light can be calculated by the expression is as :

Frequency = speed of the light / wavelength

Where

The speed of the light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

The wavelength of the light =  300 × 10⁻⁹ m

Frequency = speed of the light / wavelength

Frequency = 3 × 10⁸ m/s /  300 × 10⁻⁹ m

Frequency = 0.01 × 10¹⁷ Hz

Frequency = 1 × 10¹⁵ Hz

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The name of the compound CS is the Carbon monosulfide.

Carbon monosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula of CS.  This molecule is resembles with the carbon monoxide with the triple bond between the carbon and the sulfur. The molecule is not the intrinsically unstable, but it will tends to the polymerize. The carbon belong to the group 14 in the periodic table. The carbon is the non metal element. The sulfur also the non metal element in the periodic table.

The carbon monosulfide is unstable as the solid or the liquid, but it is observed  as the gas both in the laboratory or in the interstellar medium.

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This question is incomplete, the complete question is :

What is the name of the compound CS ?

The 2d orbital shell where n = 2 , has not a possible pair of quantum numbers. So, correct choice is option (b).

Quantum numbers specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons in those orbitals. Each electron in an atom is described by a set of four numbers:

The spin quantum number indicates the two possible orientations of the electron's spin. The value of the spin quantum number can never be zero because electrons always have either positive or negative spin. The rules for quantum numbers are:

Now check the options for 2p ; n = 2, l = 1, mₗ = -1,0,1, this set of quantum numbers is possible.

For 4p, n = 4, l = 1, mₗ = -1, 0, 1. So it's a possible orbital.

For 2d, n = 2, l = 2 (for d orbital), but according to the rule, the value of l cannot equal n, so a 2d orbital is not possible.

For 4f, n = 4, l = 3, mₗ = -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3. So it is possible. So, a 2d orbital is not possible.

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The mass of copper releases 112. 4 kj of heat as it freezes be 549.4631 g.

Let Q be the  Heat Required

n be the number of moles

number of moles = mass/molar mass

H be the Heat of Fusion = 13.0 kJ/mol

Let the equation be Q = n ΔH

n = Q / ΔH

substitute the values in the above equation, we get

n = 112.4 / 13

simplifying the equation, then

n = 8.65 mol

The number of moles of copper exists 8.65 mol.

To estimate the mass,

n = 8.65 mol

mass = 63.54 g/mol

m = M × n

substitute the values in the above equation, we get

=  8.65 mol × 63.54 g/mol

m = 549.4631 g

Therefore, the correct answer is option c) 549.4631 g.

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All the elements in the second row, carbon has the most outer shell electrons that can form covalent bonds (four).

Additionally, carbon possesses the most outer shell electrons (four) that can form covalent bonds of any second row element.

One electron from each of the atoms contributes to a pair of electrons that are shared in a single bond. Triple bonds share three pairs of electrons, while double bonds share two pairs. Multiple covalent bonds are bonds that share more than one pair of electrons.

Because it has four valence electrons, carbon may create four covalent bonds in order to reach the complete outer energy level. It creates compounds known as hydrocarbons when it solely bonds with hydrogen. Covalent bonds between carbon atoms can be single, double, or triple bonded.

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There is one Lewis dot in lithium, representing the one valence electron in the outermost shell of the atom.

Lithium is a compound component with nuclear number 3 and image Li. In the Lewis speck design of lithium, the image Li is encircled by a solitary dab, which addresses the one valence electron of the lithium iota. This electron is situated in the peripheral shell of the particle, otherwise called the valence shell, which is the shell that takes part in substance holding. The Lewis dab design of lithium demonstrates that there is just a single valence electron in the iota. The peripheral shell of lithium can oblige up to eight electrons, however lithium will in general lose its valence electron to shape a steady cation with a positive charge of +1.

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To determine the total energy of the reaction, we need to calculate the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants and the energy released when new bonds are formed in the products.

2H-O: 2 x 467 kJ/mol = 934 kJ/mol

1O=O: 1 x 498 kJ/mol = 498 kJ/mol

In the products, we have four H-H bonds and one O=O bond:

4H-H: 4 x 432 kJ/mol = 1728 kJ/mol

1O=O: 1 x 498 kJ/mol = 498 kJ/mol

Total energy of the reaction = energy released - energy required = 2226 kJ/mol - 1432 kJ/mol = 794 kJ/mol

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The molar mass of calcium phosphate Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is 310 g. Molar mass is the aggregate of the masses of all the individual atoms present in a molecule or compound.

The chemical formula of calcium phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2. The atomic mass of calcium Ca is 40 u. The atomic mass of phosphorus P is 31 u. The atomic mass of Oxygen is 16 u.

The molecular mass of calcium phosphate = (atomic mass of calcium) × 3 + (atomic mass of phosphorus) × 2 + (atomic mass of oxygen) × 8

= (40 × 3) + (31 × 2) + (16 × 8)

= 310 g.

Therefore the molecular mass of calcium phosphate is 310 g.

Calcium phosphate, also called tricalcium phosphate, is a kind of mineral.

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Examples of colligative properties include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure.

Examples of non-colligative properties include color, density, and refractive index. These properties depend on the identity of the solute particles and not on their concentration.

Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of solute particles in the solution and are independent of the identity of the solute particles. Non-colligative properties, on the other hand, are properties of a solution that are dependent on the identity of the solute particles.

It is important to note that while colligative properties are not affected by the identity of the solute particles, they do depend on the number of particles in the solution. Therefore, colligative properties can be used to determine the molecular weight of a solute or the degree of dissociation of an ionic compound.

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The atomic number of Te₂ is 52.

Te₂ refers to a Te atom that has formed a diatomic molecule by sharing two electrons with another Te atom. The atomic number of Te₂ is 52, since the molecule contains two Te atoms with a combined atomic number of 104.

Tellurium is a rare, silvery-white, brittle metalloid that is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. Tellurium is not very abundant in the Earth's crust, with an estimated concentration of only 0.001 parts per million.

Tellurium has a variety of uses in industry and technology, including as a component of alloys used in the production of steel, copper, and lead, as a semiconductor material in electronic devices, and as a coloring agent in ceramics and glass. It is also used in some types of solar cells, as well as in the production of blasting caps and other explosives.

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The ICl5 Lewis structure is polar.

To determine the polarity of a molecule, we must first look at its Lewis structure. In the case of ICl5, the Lewis structure has iodine (I) in the center with five chlorine (Cl) atoms bonded to it. Each chlorine atom has three lone pairs of electrons, while the iodine atom has one lone pair of electrons.

The electronegativity difference between iodine and chlorine is relatively small, but the molecule has a distorted octahedral shape with the lone pair of electrons on the iodine atom causing a slight asymmetry. This asymmetry creates a net dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

The ICl5 Lewis structure is polar due to its asymmetrical shape and the presence of a net dipole moment.

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The number of the p-orbitals are occupied in a K atom is six p orbitals.

Potassium belongs to an alkali metal with the atomic number is 19 and the atomic mass of 39. The potassium is placed in the first group and the fourth period. The electronic configuration of the potassium is as :

Electronic configuration of potassium = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹

The region or the space around the nucleus in which the probability of the finding of the electron is called as the orbitals. From the electronic configuration, it is clear that 2p and 3p sublevels are the entirely occupied because the each of them has the six electrons.

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Answer:

The molar mass of NO (nitrogen monoxide) is approximately 30.01 g/mol.

Explanation:

The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). The molar mass of NO (nitrogen monoxide) can be found by adding up the atomic masses of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O), which can be found on the periodic table of elements. The molar mass of NO is approximately 30.01 g/mol.

Bi is the element that has the lowest 1st ionization energy. Therefore, the correct option is option D.

The energy needed to ionise an atom or an ion in its gaseous form is equal to the energy needed to remove an electron from it. A positive ion is created when an atom loses one of its electrons, creating a species that is positively charged. The ionisation energy is represented in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or electron volts (eV), which are common measures of energy per mole.

The five alternatives for elements are all members of the same group. As the group grows and the valence electrons are less tightly bonded, the value of ionisation energy (IE) decreases. Since Bi is the last element, it has the lowest IE in this scenario.

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

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Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was,  

which element has the lowest 1st ionization energy?

A. As

B. P

C. N

D.Bi

E. Sb

The atomic number of zinc is 30.

Generally, the atomic number is simply defined as the number of protons present in an atom. Due to this reason, atomic number is also sometimes known as the proton number. During the calculations, atomic number is usually denoted by the capital letter Z. The symbol Z is derived from the a German word zahl, which means number of numeral, or atomzahl, which is a more modern word which means atomic number.

The atomic number is basically the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons are used to define the identity of an element (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no matter how many neutrons may be present in the atom, identity depends upon the number of protons.)

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The density of dinitrogen monoxide gas at exactly 20 °C and exactly 1 atm is 1.83 g/L.

The problem states that we can treat this gas as an ideal gas, therefore, we can use the equation of an ideal gas which is:

PV = nRT

Now, the density (d) is calculated as:

d = m/V

We can rewrite above equation,

m = d*V

Now, the moles (n),

n = m /MM

The ideal gas equation is,

d = P * MM / RT

The molar mass of N₂O is 44 g/mol.

So, replacing all the data we have:

[tex]d = \dfrac{1 \times 44}{0.082 \times 293}[/tex]

d = 1.83 g/L

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Answer:

Explanation:

F=ma

200=150*a

a=5/4=1.25m/s^2

The formula of the compound dinitrogen heptoxide is N₂O₅.

One of the binary nitrogen oxides is the substance Dinitrogen heptoxide.

A compound creates a new product by combining one or more additional ingredients. The mass ratio required to produce that product is equivalent to the combination of two substances or components. It is tightly connected, and they are equivalent in every manner to create a combination.

Dinitrogen heptoxide has the chemical formula N₂O₅.

This molecule has two nitrogen atoms and five oxygen atoms, as can be seen, and its name, Dinitrogen heptoxide, must reflect this

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The compound name for NF3 is nitrogen trifluoride.

NF3 is a compound that is commonly known as nitrogen trifluoride, is made up of one nitrogen atom and three fluorine atoms.

It is used in a variety of industrial processes, but it is also a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.

It is a colorless, odorless, and nonflammable gas that is used in the production of semiconductors, flat panel displays, and solar cells. It is also used as an etchant in the production of microelectronic devices.

Nitrogen trifluoride is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential 17,200 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.

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The chemical in soda that makes it fizzy is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is in a gaseous state. Under pressure, the CO2 dissolves into the soda when it is bottled or canned.

The CO2 escapes from the solution and generates bubbles as the can or bottle is opened and the pressure is released, giving the soda a fizzy flavor.

The quantity of fizziness and the rate at which the CO2 leaves the solution and generates bubbles can both be influenced by the amount of CO2 in the soda and the storage temperature.

Overall, soda's distinctive fizziness is a result of the gaseous CO2 in it.

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The addition of a non-volatile solute into a solvent decreases its freezing point and increases its boiling point. Both these changes are colligative property. As the solute concentration increases, the changes also increases.

Colligative properties are those properties which depends on the amount of the substance. For example elevation of boiling point is a colligative property which increases with the concentration of the solute added.

When a non -volatile solute is added to the solvent, the solvent -solvent bonds becomes weaken and solvent -solute bonds make the solvent molecules difficult to escape into vapor phase. This will increase the boiling point.

Similarly, the addition of salt makes the solvent molecules in intact and the intermolecular force between solute-solvent molecules makes them easily freeze which leads to depression in freezing point.

Both these changes are colligative property. As the concentration of solute increases, the elevation of boiling point or the depression in freezing point increases.

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To measure the rates  of bromination of the hydrocarbons used in experimental criterion is color change.

Bromination is a chemical reaction including the response of a compound, and bromine results in bromine added to the compound. The item framed after bromination will display new properties from the underlying reactant.

Bromination can happen in various ways, contingent upon the reactant.

The mechanism for bromination happens in three stages.

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A tank of compressed CO2 has a pressure of 851 psi and a volume of 0.150 L. The pressure in atmospheres, when the final volume is 2.84 L is 44.94psi.

The term pressure is defined as the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure. Different units are used to express pressure.

Given:

P1 = 851

V1 = 0.150 L

P2 = ?

V2 = 2.84 L

P1V1 = P2V2

P2 = P1V1 / V2

=  851 × 0.150 / 2.84

P2 = 44.94

Thus, the pressure in atmospheres, when the final volume is 2.84 L is 44.94psi.

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The law of mass action is a chemical principle that states that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants.

This means that the more reactants you have, the faster the reaction will proceed.

The law of mass action can be expressed mathematically as:

rate = k[A][B]

where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants, and the rate is the speed at which the reaction proceeds.

The law of mass action is important in understanding how chemical reactions work and how to control them. By manipulating the concentrations of the reactants, we can control the rate of the reaction and therefore control the outcome of the reaction.

In summary, the law of mass action is a fundamental principle in chemistry that describes how the rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the concentrations of the reactants.

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The first rule for predicting the products of a chemical reaction is to identify the type of reaction that is taking place.

Chemical reactions can be broadly classified into five types: Combination or synthesis reaction: A combination reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The general form of the combination reaction is A + B → AB.

Decomposition reaction: A decomposition reaction occurs when a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. The general form of the decomposition reaction is AB → A + B.

Single displacement or substitution reaction: A single displacement reaction occurs when an element displaces another element in a compound, and takes its place. The general form of a single displacement reaction is A + BC → AC + B.

Double displacement or metathesis reaction: A double displacement reaction occurs when two compounds exchange ions, and form two new compounds. The general form of a double displacement reaction is AB + CD → AD + CB.

Combustion reaction: A combustion reaction occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, and produces heat and light. The general form of a combustion reaction is CxHyOz + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.

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