A missense mutation will change the amino acid sequence. This may alter the function of the protein, usually negatively, but sometimes positively. This later case may be favored by evolution, as the change is heritable.
how does flouride cause kidney deasies
Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
hope this helps
rate brainiest
The main regions of the brain are the
A. Spinal Cord, Brain Stem and cerebrum
B. Cerebellum, Spinal Cord and Brain Stem
C. Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord
D. Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem
Which cells reduce cell mediated immune response?
Answer:
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), either natural or induced, suppress a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses
The part of the cell that can be stimulated by outside chemicals, triggering the cell to
carry out specific functions, is called the
A) cell membrane receptor.
B) lysosome.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
by definition, cell membrane receptor are specialized membrane proteins, allowing communication between the cell and the extracellular space.
Spoil spider man mo way home for me
here you go
Aunt may dies
What do we mean when we say DNA strands run in opposite directions? A. They are antiparallel to each other. B. They are parallel to each other. C. They are perpendicular to each other. D. Their direction cannot be predicted.
They are antiparallel to each othe when DNA strands run in opposite direction.
What is antiparallel position?Antiparallel refer to two molecules of DNA that place side by side but in opposite directions and they never meet. The two strands of DNA are antiparallel. The head of one strand is laid against the tail of the other strand of DNA.
Therefore, They are antiparallel to each othe when DNA strands run in opposite direction.
Learn more about antiparallel of DNA from here.
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list five responsibilities that you have in society
Answer:
My responsibilities in the society:
To keep my surroundings clean .To work for it's betterment.To help others .To fullfil my duties as a citizen.To protect it.Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced
faster than they are used. Which of the following energy resources is
renewable?
OA. petroleum
OB. natural gas
OC. uranium
OD. solar energy
Answer the following in several complete sentences:
Explain how a psychologist would determine which eating disorder diagnosis should be applied to a particular individual based on his or her behaviors. Distinguish between binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. (6 points)
Psychologist can determine eating disorder diagnosis via behaviors through mood swings, way they eat, character displayed etc. The eating disorders that can be diagnose using the behavior of the patients are:
Other behaviors includes:
People forms schedules or rituals that gives them room for binging and purgingPeople are desperate to exercise even when it not convenient for them, etc.Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by:
The patient always insist they are overweight even when they are thin.Do not like taking food at all. There is restrictive food intake via dieting or fasting.Exercise too much.Always Bingeing.They self-induced themselves to vomiting so as to get rid of food.The binge-eating disorder is characterized by:The patient eat plenty food at once.Binge regularly.Patient do not feel like stopping when eating.Stress or emotional eating.The person eats large amounts without ever feeling hungryWhen the person feels guilty or disgust about themselves.The bulimia nervosa disorder is characterized by:The person is often engage in binge eating.There is often compensatory purging.There is constant Purging and also involves vomiting, etc.Learn more about eating disorder from
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Brown hair is dominant and blonde hair is recessive.
What percent of the offspring will have brown hair if the parents have the following alleles?
Bb
Bb
A. 75
B. 50
C. 0
D. 100
E. 25
How do you think
the cell of a unicellular
organism compares to
that of a multicellular
organism? Give 2
examples
10 facts about mutations
Answer:
Explanation:
4 types of mutation:
Germline mutations occur in gametes. Somatic mutations occur in other body cells.
Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure.
Point mutations change a single nucleotide.
Frameshift mutations are additions or deletions of nucleotides that cause a shift in the reading frame.
3 more:
Over a lifetime our DNA can undergo changes or 'mutations?' in the sequence of bases?, A, C, G and T.
This results in changes in the proteins that are made.
Mutations can occur during DNA replication if errors are made and not corrected in time.
How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
Answer:
The variation in the species if organisms modified the organisms for adaptation in the surroundings. After creation of same species must be adapted for natural selection in the environmental effects.
which describes a scientific theory?
A. an idea based on repeated experiments,
allowing you to predict EXACTLY what will
happen
B. an idea that scientific dont believe in
C. an explanation of an occurrence in the
natural world that is well-supported by data
What is the most interesting
Or surprising thing you learned about the universe and galaxies?
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Air pollution affects everyone equally.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
Answer:
16
Explanation:
Air pollution affects everyone equally is true statement.
What is Air pollution?When pollutants are released into the atmosphere, they endanger both human health and the health of the entire planet. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution causes close to seven million deaths worldwide each year.
Currently, nine out of ten people breathe air that contains more contaminants than the WHO's recommended levels, with those in low- and middle-income nations suffering the most.
The 1970-established Clean Air Act gives the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the power to protect public health by controlling the emissions of certain dangerous air pollutants.
Therefore, Air pollution affects everyone equally is true statement.
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The degree to which chromatin is compacted greatly affects its accessability for ____________ , and thus, gene expression.
The degree to which chromatin is compacted greatly affects its accessibility for transcription, and thus, gene expression.
What is Transcription?This is the process which involves copying a segment of DNA into RNA in organisms.
When chromatin is condensed, DNA becomes less accessible for transcription factors and vice versa which was why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
Read more about Transcription here https://brainly.com/question/1048150
What changes occur in the atmosphere as you go higher?.
Answer:
Air pressure drops, and temperatures get colder.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!
What is the difference between DNA replication and transcription process
Closing. Both DNA copy and Transcription in the age of a new copy of the DNA in a cell. DNA transcription is involved in replicating the DNA into RNA, while DNA replication creates another copy of DNA. Both courses are included in the production of new nucleic acids- DNA or RNA.
State one reason
scientists would value an experiment that does not support the initial hypothesis.
Scientists value experiments that do not support the initial hypothesis because it helps them to make new discoveries and refine their hypotheses.
HypothesesThey are tentative statements without any experimental test.
Hypotheses are made and tested with experiments. When the outcome of an experiment supports a hypothesis, such a hypothesis is accepted.
When the outcomes of an experiment do not support a hypothesis, such a hypothesis is refined and retested. this leads to more discoveries.
More on hypotheses can be found here:https://brainly.com/question/18064632
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Which organism will most likely become fossilized from being buried in sediment? Insect , snail, jellyfish or a worm
Answer:
When an organism is buried quickly, there is less decay and the better the chance for it to be preserved. The hard parts of organisms, such as bones, shells, and teeth have a better chance of becoming fossils than do softer parts. One reason for this is that scavengers generally do not eat these parts.
Explanation:
Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues often include which of the following?
Glucose
Ammonia
Antibodies
O Oxygen
Hormos
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen is carried from systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues
Systemic capillary flow.Systemic circulation blood flow help to carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle passing through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. The deoxygenated blood returns from the tissue capillaries through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.
Therefore, Oxygen is carried from systemic capillary blood to the perivascular tissues
Learn more about Systemic circulation flow from the link below.
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What is the great pacific trash gyre?
Answer:
The Great Pacific garbage patch (also Pacific trash vortex) is a garbage patch, a gyre of marine debris particles, in the central North Pacific Ocean. It is located roughly from 135°W to 155°W and 35°N to 42°N.
Which statement could be categorized in the overlapping section of the Venn diagram?
Answer:
The statement that could be categorized in the overlapping section of the Venn diagram would be option A. All the statements given above are about the aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The Venn diagram is used to show the similarities and differences between the two. The overlapping section of the diagram shows the similarity and it "uses pyruvate or pyruvic acid".
Explanation:
hope this helps
Answer:A and D are correct.
Explanation:
PLSSSSS I NEED THIS QUESTION ANSWERED 50 POINTTSSSSSS
The populations of zebras and wildebeests decrease when the grasses decrease. They also slowly increase when the rainy season brings new grasses to eat. This represents a
climax community
biological surplus
peak phenomenon
sigmoid phenomenon
Answer:
The correct option is "D", the sigmoid phenomenon because Populations that exhibit the sigmoid pattern increase rapidly while food and habitat are abundant, and then slow down as regulatory factors such as lower birth rate and reduced food availability come into play. As the rate of population growth slows down to zero, the population reaches a fairly stable level.
sigmoid phenomenon! its super cool. like, i took the test yo!
Which phase of cell division is shown?
prophase
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
50 points!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST
The phase of cell division shown in the attached image is anaphase.
What is cell division?Cell division is the process whereby a single cell forms two daughter cells.
Cell division involves the following stages as follows:
ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseIn the anaphase stage, the chromosome is separated into opposite poles by the centrosomes.
Therefore, as depicted in the image, the phase of cell division shown in the attached image is anaphase.
Learn more about cell division at: https://brainly.com/question/1223130
The color of your eyes is
A)
an inherited trait.
B)
determined by what you eat.
C)
dependent on your environment.
D)
linked to what colors you can see.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
hope this helped
It is dependent on what you inherit from your parents. Either a dominant gene or a recessive gene. :))
Answer:
its an inherited trait
Explanation:
because it can come from your father ro your mother, or perhaps both
The relative abundance of species in an area is called
species evenness
species richness
clumped distribution
random distribution
Answer:
species richness
Explanation:
This is the number of different species in a given area. Evenness, clumped, and random all have to do with how the species are distributed in the area, not the abundance.
Answer: Its B species richness
Explanation: I got it right on the test <3 WOOOOO God bless you all
make a poem about taking care of your reproductive system
Answer:
in a dark classroom on a friday
afternoon my teacher told me something
beautiful.
ovaries, she said, have
the same salt content as
the sea. you have
little oceans inside of you!
I imagined the protozoa, the
primordial soup, the sand,
I felt the pull deep inside of
the moon tugging life
from my body.
I felt that potential for life
crown and break beneath
my skin, and it felt beautiful,
yes, but I couldn’t stop myself from placing
a hand on my belly and thinking,
all this life will end with me.
Try this investigation.
This supply is needed:
gallon jar (or other large, glass container)
Follow these directions and answer the questions.
1. Select one of the following habitats and set up a living community. Indicate the habitat you choose. You may use an area nearby to gather organisms or environmental factors for your habitat.
Freshwater aquarium
Woodland terrarium
Marine aquarium
Desert terrarium
Aqua-terrarium
2. Study your habitat for several weeks to observe and record any changes. In a 250-word report, describe your habitat and answer the following questions.
What kinds of organisms does your habitat contain?
What changes occurred in your habitat after a period of time?
Answer:
I deceided to do the project with fresh water from my creek in the backyard. I was hoping to get some living organisms in the water when i scooped it up.The first week there wasnt many changes i did notice the water was turning slightly a different color but no major changes. The secound week my water was more of a green color and not as much brownish clear. There was also some green stuff growing which i think that was alge.The third week my water was all the way green and i noticed there was some stuff floating in the water but i dint see any living organisms. There was also more alge in it than last time.
Explanation:
Some spelling is wrong but overall i got a good grade on this i hope this can help :)