Confederal states are a type of system consisting of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers and a central government with limited powers.
An organization of independent states governs under the confederal system. The independent states grant the central government its power. Each state is in charge, and its representatives meet to discuss the group's needs.
the former Soviet Union, today is known as the Association of Independent States (CIS). Additionally, the Confederate States in America and the cantonal system of Switzerland (1861-1865).
A confederation is an agreement between a number of people or countries that permits each component to govern themselves while still agreeing to cooperate for shared goals. During the American Civil War, the South was arguably the most well-known confederacy.
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cleary explains the intent of the framers when constructing federalism as one of the principles of the constitution
To prevent the dictatorship and to promote greater political involvement explains the intent of the framers when constructing federalism as one of the principles of the constitution.
What is federalism?
Federalism is a combined and compound form of government that divides the powers between a central government and local governments within a same political system. The division of authority between a central authority and its constituent entities in a structure like a government. In contrast to the centralized government that the unitarians and centralists supported, federalists advocated for complete self-governance and full province autonomy. Federalism is a form of government in which two levels of authority share control over the same region.
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the tennessee attorney general's office may file a against anyone who engages in the unauthorized practice of law.
The Tennessee Attorney General's Office may file civil lawsuits against those who exercise their rights without authorization. The Attorney General's Office can bring civil actions against individuals and companies involved in the unauthorized exercise of rights.
Some of these cases involve individuals who are not licensed to practice law, but who pay a fee to provide legal advice or attempt to represent clients in court. Other cases require individuals and businesses to create legal forms or documents to be used and signed by the person who represents them in legal matters
Tennessee Supreme Court Rules Attorneys must maintain communication with their clients regarding representation. Attorneys must keep information about their clients' representatives confidential unless disclosure is required or permitted by professional ethics or other law.
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for a futures contract trading in april 2012, the open interest for a june 2012 contract, when compared to the open interest for sept 2012 contracts, is usually
The correct answer is the Dojima Rice Exchange in Osaka, Japan, hosted the first structured futures exchange in modern times in 1710.
In order to purchase and sell contracts for an asset like Bitcoin, a trader and an exchange enter into a legal contract (BTC). In order to maximise their chance of making a profit, contract trading enables traders to access direct exchange funds with a higher margin than they first put up. Beginning on July 2, 2001, NSE became the first exchange to provide trading in options on specific securities. On November 9, 2001, futures on particular securities were established. On 191 of the assets listed by SEBI, futures and options on specific securities are available. In the 19th century, futures markets were formed in the United States. The Midwest, where much of the country's food supply was produced, was able to establish key hubs for agricultural trade thanks to the railroad and telegraph infrastructures.
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a dealership that fails to comply with safeguards procedures can be subject to fines _____ for each violation.
A dealership that fails to comply with safeguards procedures can be subject to fines $2500 for each violation.
A knowing infringement of the dealership results in a $2,500 common punishment for every infringement, and "every infringement" might actually be deciphered as being 1 infringement for each client. On the off chance that the vendor is sufficiently unfortunate to get a "stop and cease" letter from the FTC, they could be having to deal with extra damages up to $11,000 per infringement.
On December 9, 2021, the FTC distributed updates to the Shields Decide that add extra necessities for dealerships, some of which became viable on January 10, 2022 and the rest of which require consistence by December 9, 2022. Showrooms ought to start getting ready now to fulfill the December time constraint as the extra advances expected for consistence can't be achieved for the time being.
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Which courts decide more than 95 percent of the nation’s legal cases? a) State courts b) Supreme court c) Small claims court d) District courts.
Answer: A state courts
Explanation: The vast majority of cases—more than 90 percent—are heard in state courts. These include criminal cases or lawsuits involving state laws, as well as family law issues like marriage or divorce
What are the types of bail available to criminal defendants? What are the impacts of bail on the criminal justice system? What role do bail agents play in the criminal justice system?
Answer:
In order to be released from custody temporarily pending their trial, a defendant must post bail, which is a sum of money determined by the court. Criminal defendants may be eligible for the following types of bail:
Cash bail: The defendant provides the court with the entire bail sum in cash.
Surety bond: The defendant pays a bail bondsman a non-refundable fee (often 10% of the bail amount) as a promise to appear in court.
Property bond: The defendant pledges real estate as security to cover the bail sum.
Bail has a substantial impact on the criminal justice system because it enables defendants who can pay it to avoid pre-trial imprisonment, which can have a number of detrimental effects, such as job loss, family separation, and a reduced capacity to present a defence. However, by allowing those with more financial means to obtain their release while keeping those without them behind bars, bail can also serve to maintain systemic inequity.
Bail agents are essential to the criminal justice system because they guarantee that the prisoner will appear in court for their trial. They additionally assist offenders who are unable to afford to pay the full amount of bail by fronting the funds in exchange for a fee. Bail agents also make sure the defendant shows up in court as needed and keep an eye on their compliance with the terms of their release.
Under which system does the federal government make policy in areas that are primarily state responsibilities?
The federal government can make policy in areas primarily reserved for states through the power of preemption, meaning it can overrule state law. This is done in cases where there is a national need for uniformity or when federal law conflicts with state law. Federalism calls for division of powers between federal and state governments, with states usually retaining primary responsibility for policy. The federal government's use of preemption should be limited and cautious.
Write a short note on power of preemption.
The power of preemption allows the federal government to override state law in certain circumstances. It is exercised when there is a national need for uniformity, such as in regulation of interstate commerce, immigration, or bankruptcy. It can also be used when federal law conflicts with state law, in which case federal law takes precedence. Despite this power, federalism calls for a division of powers between federal and state governments, with states typically retaining primary responsibility for policy areas. The use of preemption should be limited and cautious.
Hence, the answer is, the federal government can make policy in areas primarily reserved for states through the power of preemption
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the argument suggests that when private citizens have weapons in their homes or are able to carry concealed weapons, they are less likely to be successfully targeted by criminals.
The self protection argument suggests that when private citizens have weapons in their homes or are able to carry concealed weapons, they are less likely to be successfully targeted by criminals.
Violence committed with the use of a firearm is referred to as gun-related violence. Violence with firearms may or may not be prosecuted as a crime. Gun violence (save when and if deemed justifiable), assault with a lethal weapon depending on the jurisdiction, are all examples of criminal violence. Death and injuries caused by accident or negligence are examples of non-criminal violence (except perhaps in cases of criminal negligence). Statistics on gun violence frequently include military or paramilitary involvement. The rate of gun violence in the United States is 25 times greater than the average rate in other high-income countries, ranking it as the 11th highest in the world.
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Mountain View Mall hired Nigel to act as Santa Claus in the mall. After a tough work day, Nigel stopped in a bar in the mall and drank 6 beers. Driving home, still wearing his Santa suit, Nigel hit a Marty, a pedestrian and severely injured her, when Marty darted between 2 parked cars in the middle of a block and ran in front of Nigel’s car.
Would Mountain View Mall be liable for Nigel’s injuries? Why or why not?
Answer:
NO BECOS THE INCIDENT HAPPENED WITH
MARTY NOT THE MALL
Somewhat misleading term to describe the ideas of theorists like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, who claimed that vast wealth was the result of the natural superiority of those who achieved it
Social Darwinism was somewhat misleading term to describe the ideas of theorists like Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, who claimed that vast wealth was the result of the natural superiority of those who achieved it.
The premise of "natural selection and survival," thus according social Darwinists, posits that some men achieve prominence in society due to of their inherent goodness. Through out past 150 years, modern Darwinism has been claimed to defend different social injustices such as racism, eugenics, colonization, and societal inequality. Works and thought of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries exploited social Darwinism in a number of oftentimes contradicting forms; it was never fully established as a philosophy. Social Darwinism offered a vocabulary and a set of ideas that aided the creation of social sciences and direct deployment to such pressing issues as poverty and political justice, whether deployed to advocate liberal or active public policy.
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Which of the elements required to prove negligence involve the reasonable person standard? Choose 2 answer choices.
A. Proximate cause.
B. Damages.
C. Duty of care.
D. Causation in fact.
E. Breach of duty of care
Elements which are required to prove negligence involve the reasonable person standard are C)Duty of care and E)Breach of duty of care. So, correct options are C,E.
In misdeed regulation, a duty of care is a lawful commitment that is forced on an individual, expecting adherence to a norm of sensible consideration while playing out any demonstrations that could predictably hurt others. The principal component should be laid out to continue with an activity in carelessness. The petitioner should have the option to show an obligation of care forced by regulation that the litigant has penetrated. Thus, penetrating an obligation might expose a person to risk. The duty of care might be forced by activity of regulation between people who have no ongoing direct relationship (familial or legally binding etc.) however at last become related in some way, as characterized by precedent-based regulation (significance case regulation).
Duty of care might be viewed as a formalization of the common agreement, the implied liabilities held by people towards others inside society. It's anything but a necessity that an obligation of care be characterized by regulation, however it will frequently foster through the law of custom-based regulation.
Hence,correct options are C,E.
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a 6-foot-5-inch, 250-pound person made a fist and threatened to punch a 5-foot, 100-pound person. the threatened person was afraid that he or she would be physically harmed, so that person decided to sue the threatening person to recover damages. which of the following torts applies to this scenario?
A 6-foot-5-inch, 250-pound person made a fist and threatened to punch a 5-foot, 100-pound person. Assault tort applies to this scenario.
What is Assault?
According to common law, assault is the tort of willfully acting, either with broad or specific intent, and creating a reasonable expectation of an impending offensive or hurtful touch. In contrast to a tort of negligence, assault needs intent and is therefore classified as an intentional tort. It is not necessary to really be able to carry out the intercepted interaction. A violent act constitutes the prohibited conduct under this tort. According to criminal law, an assault is defined as a battery attempt that calls for the deliberate intent to injure someone physically.
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in the labor market, if the government imposes a minimum wage that is below the equilibrium wage, thenA. nothing will happen to the wage rate or employment .B. firms will hire fewer workers than without the minimum wage law.C. worker who wish to work at the minimum wage will have a difficult time finding jobs.D. some workers may lose their jobs as a result.
in the labor market, if the government imposes a minimum wage that is below the equilibrium wage, then some workers may lose their jobs as a result.
The point whereby workforce supply and demand intersect is the equilibrium price wage rate. Until the point where the added expense of hiring an employee balances the additional revenue generated by selling their output, employees are sought out. Depending on demand for and supply for labour, wages shift. In a perfect market economy, the convergence of the labour supply and demand curves defines the pay equilibria. According to theory of economics, the employment rate is going to reach its peak if pay are entirely flexible. Aside from cyclic and structural redundancy, everybody else in society is employed thanks toward the flexible wage rate.
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In the report that Maconochie sent back to Britain about the penal colony in Tasmania, what two key points were in his argument?
i need it quick its important
In the report that Maconochie sent back to Britain about the penal colony in Tasmania, the two key points in his argument were punishment should not be applied with a sense of revenge, and imprisonment should consist of tasks not time.
What is the penal colony?A penal colony is a distant or overseas settlement designed to punish criminals via forced labor and social isolation.
Like the European and Latin American governments transferred their convicts to far distant penal colonies. The Russian penal colonies are notorious for their severe living conditions and violence.
In the report that Maconochie sent back to Britain about the penal colony in Tasmania, the two key points in his argument were punishment should not be applied with a sense of revenge, and imprisonment should consist of tasks not time.
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which of the following is not a generally accepted way to remove ineffective management of a publicly traded firm?
There are well-established strategies for eliminating inefficient management.
What is Management?A person or group of people who challenges and supervises a person or group of people in order to achieve desired goals and objectives is considered to be in management. Additionally, the capacity to plan, organize, monitor, and direct individuals are included in the definition of management.
Top-level managers, middle managers, first-line managers, and team leaders are the four most prevalent types of managers.
The process of planning and organizing a company's resources and activities to achieve particular objectives in the most effective and efficient manner is known as management.
To achieve the company's overall vision, managers plan, direct, and control resources. Managers can assist in motivating employees to achieve success and provide mentoring for growth by setting clearly defined goals.
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blake grew up in a community where he observed crime and was encouraged to participate in deviant behavior by those who are close to him. this is an example of ___, a subcatergory of symbolic interactionism
This is an example of differential association theory, a subcategory of symbolic interactionism.
According to Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory in criminology, people pick up the attitudes, methods, and motivations for criminal behaviour throughout their connections with others. Of the learning theories of deviant, the differential association theory receives the greatest attention. This theory does not address why people turn to crime; instead, it concentrates on how criminal behaviour is learned. Although Learning Theory and the interactionist viewpoint are strongly linked, interactionism is not regarded as such because it concentrates on how boundaries are developed in society and how people perceive them. Because it emphasises concrete actions rather than the more ephemeral position of social impressions on one's identity and how those may motivate one to act, learning theory is regarded as a positivist approach.
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federal courts have exclusive subject matter jurisdiction over which of the following? choose 2 answer choices.
Copyright, trademark, and patent cases.
What is meant by Copyright?Copyright is a type of intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as they are written down and put into a tangible form.
Copyright is an automatic right that can be applied to a wide range of material creative works. It gives people who make original works the right to control how others use their work for a set amount of time.
The various kinds of copyrights that are available in India are as follows:
Works of literature. Works that include literary creations that are original or one-of-a-kind are covered by copyrights in this category.Works of Drama. This is also a type of writingWork in MusicWorks of Art.Cinematograph PicturesAudio recordingTo know more about Copyright, visit:
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most states require that when a school bus is stopped to load or unload passengers on a two-way street, drivers _______.
Most states require that when a school bus is stopped to load or unload passengers on a two-way street other in both directions must stop.
What are school bus laws by state?
Whether you are behind the bus or approaching it on a non-divided route, it is required to stop for a bus transporting children in virtually all states. In Washington State, there is an exemption to this rule: if the road has three lanes or more and you are in the opposing lane, you may pass a bus that is stopped there. In Ohio, if a road has four lanes or more, the same applies. However, in every other state, if you are on a non-divided road, you have to stop for a bus dropping off schoolchildren.
If a school bus is stopped on a split roadway, you do not need to stop.
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Ethics deals strictly with legal interpretations of what is right and wrong. (T/F)
False. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions of morality and what is right or wrong.
What do you mean by ethics?
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions of morality and what is right or wrong. It often goes beyond the legal interpretations of what is considered right and wrong, and considers broader questions of fairness, justice, and human dignity. Legal interpretations of what is right and wrong can be informed by ethical principles, but ethics also takes into account cultural, religious, and individual perspectives on morality. Ethics provides a framework for evaluating human actions and decisions and can help individuals and organizations make choices that are aligned with their values and principles.
Hence, the answer is, False. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions of morality and what is right or wrong.
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The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur would permit the court to infer negligence in which of the following situations?a. The situations with a chandelier falling and the golfer are both correct.b. A chandelier fell on a patron's head in the restaurant dining room.c. A golfer on a golf course was hit in the head with a stray shot golfball.d. A chair broke when a customer sat down on it, but the customer wasn't injured.
The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur allows a court to infer negligence in a situation where circumstances strongly suggest that the incident wouldn't have occurred but for someone's negligence, such as a chandelier falling on a patron's head in a restaurant or a golfer being hit with a stray shot golfball.
Write a short note on the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur.
The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur is a legal principle that allows a court to infer negligence in a situation where circumstances strongly suggest that the incident wouldn't have occurred but for someone's negligence. It can be used as a tool for plaintiffs in difficult-to-prove cases, but its application must be carefully evaluated by the court. This doctrine can shift the burden of proof from the plaintiff to the defendant, making it easier for plaintiffs to succeed in negligence cases.
Hence, the answer is, a. The situations with a chandelier falling and the golfer are both correct.
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Which of the following is included in gross income?a. Scholarships for room and board.b. Loans.c. Health insurance proceeds.d. Worker's compensation.e. None of these choices are correct.
The term that is included in gross income is c. Health insurance proceeds.
What is gross income?Gross income generally refers to all sources of income, including salaries, dividends, alimony, capital gains, and pensions. The total income still has to include a lot of deductible expenses, such donations to charities. Following the calculation of gross income, deductions are applied.
It includes all earnings from all sources, such as salaries, rental revenue, interest income, and dividends. For instance, if a person receives $300,000 in compensation for providing consulting services, that sum represents the person's gross income.
Therefore, option C is correct.
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Identify the individual below who is not eligible to practice before the IRS. None of the individuals are under suspension or disbarment. A. Certified financial planner
B. Attorney
C. Enrolled agent
D. Enrolled actuary, with respect to specified statutory issues
The individual who is not eligible to practice before the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is a Certified Financial Planner (Option A).
Certified Financial Planners are professionals who have obtained certification in financial planning, but they are not authorized to represent taxpayers before the IRS. On the other hand, Attorneys (Option B), Enrolled Agents (Option C), and Enrolled Actuaries (Option D) are eligible to practice before the IRS. Attorneys are licensed to practice law and represent clients in legal matters, including representing taxpayers before the IRS. Enrolled Agents are tax professionals who have passed a comprehensive exam administered by the IRS and are authorized to represent taxpayers before the IRS. Enrolled Actuaries are professionals who have passed actuarial exams and are authorized by the IRS to practice before the agency with respect to specified statutory issues. In conclusion, a Certified Financial Planner is not authorized to represent taxpayers before the IRS, but Attorneys, Enrolled Agents, and Enrolled Actuaries are eligible to do so.
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Do you believe that a private security guard exclusively employed by a retail store should be obligated to recite the "Miranda warnings" to a shoplifting suspect? If so, what do you believe the repercussions of failing to do so should be?
To prevent theft, misuse of company property, and on-site usage of illegal substances or alcohol, many organisations have policies establishing processes for searching vehicles, lockers, or personal possessions.
WHAT IS Private security ?The company may need to demonstrate that the search was reasonable, that there was some grounds to suspect an employment crime had occurred, and that the search would lead to the discovery of additional evidence if these rules are challenged by labour unions or in court.
The business might also need to demonstrate that the policy is followed consistently throughout the workforce or facility and that it doesn't single out any particular people or groups for criticism.
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Question # 1
Multiple Choice
Which of the following terms refers to the area of law that defines the relationship between the federal government and state
governments?
common law
O judicial review
O stare decisis
O constitutional law
O federal system
The body of law that establishes the partnership between the federal and state governments is referred to as constitutional law.
What is constitutional law?The body of law that deals with the interpretation and application of a nation's constitution is known as constitutional law. It outlines citizens' rights and freedoms as well as the roles and responsibilities of the federal and state governments. The constitution is regarded as the highest authority in legal disputes and serves as the supreme law of the land. In order to protect individual liberties and to keep the various governmental branches in check, constitutional law is essential. Constitutional law provides the framework for resolving conflicts between federal and state laws and determining the appropriate distribution of power among the various levels of government.
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Answer:
constitutional law
Explanation:
Write a response discussing the traumas that victims of crime experience and ways that these traumas might be best addressed.
TRUE/FALSE. the doctrine of stare decisis provides that each court decision is independent and should stand on its own.
Answer:
[tex]13153 \div 2 = 212[/tex]
it's false
in cases of slander , damages are allowed by the common law. (choose two correct answers)
The act of making false claims about another person that harms their reputation is known as defamation. Libel occurs when a defamatory comment is published or broadcast in the media; slander occurs when it is just said.
Slander is a felony according to Sections 499 and 500 of the 1860 Code. Criminal defamation is a non-cognizable, compoundable offence that is bailable. A person who engages in criminal defamation may be punished with a fine, a period of up to two years' simple imprisonment, or both. Slander falls under the same two categories as libel: slander and slander per se. Libel per se is the written equivalent of slander per se, which is a false statement that is so blatantly detrimental that reputational loss to the plaintiff is anticipated.
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Describe the impact of the Bell v Wolfish decision on modern jail operations?
Which of the following clauses states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion?A. the due process clauseB. the supremacy clauseC. the commercial clauseD. the takings clauseE. the establishment clause
The clause that states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion is the Establishment Clause, which is part of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Establishment Clause limits the power of the federal government to endorse or promote any particular religion.
Write a note on Establishment Clause.
The Establishment Clause is a component of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that prohibits the federal government from endorsing or promoting any specific religion. It seeks to maintain the separation of church and state and prevent the establishment of an official state religion. This clause is important in preserving religious freedom and promoting a diverse, pluralistic society.
Hence, the answer is, e.Establishment Clause
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what is the dominant legal approach toward commerce. it allows the federal government to regulate a wide array of economic activities through the commerce clause?
it allows the federal government to regulate a wide array of economic activities through the commerce clause.
An identified power described for the federal government in the American Constitution is the Commerce Clause. The US Congress shall have the authority "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and between various States, and with the Indian Tribes," according to the clause. Each of the three areas of trade has been frequently discussed separately as a congressional power by courts and pundits. The names "Foreign Business Clause," "Federal Trade Clause," and "Indian Commerce Clause" are frequently applied to refer to the different parts of the Commerce Clause. The scope of the powers given to Congress through the Commerce Clause is a point of contention in the courts.
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