If the salt water is heated, the water turns into steam and the salt remains because the water has a lower boiling point than the salt.
The following points can be considered:
The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the substance turns into the gaseous state from the liquid state.The boiling point of water is [tex]100^{o} C[/tex].The salt is a substance comprising two entities separated by the opposite charges with ionic interactions.The boiling point of a salt is higher than the boiling point of the water.The process involved when salt water is heated:
The salt water mixture when heated, the water turns into steam at [tex]100^{o} C[/tex]But the salt remains until it reaches its boiling temperature. If the salt is soluble in water and is then heated, then there occurs an elevation in the boiling point of the substance, due to the presence of the salt.Therefore, the answer is water has a lower boiling point than salt.
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Selenium, an element used in the manufacture of solar energy devices, forms an oxide that contains only one atom of selenium (SeOx) and is 37.8% oxygen by mass. What is the molecular formula of the oxide? (Hint: find “x”)
Answer: The molecular formula of the compound will be [tex]SeO_3[/tex]
Explanation:
The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass. The equation used is:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)
Let the mass of the compound be 100 g
Given values:
% of O = 37.8%
% of Se = [100 - 37.8] = 62.2%
Mass of O = 37.8 g
Mass of Se = 62.2 g
We know:
Molar mass of Se = 79 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of Se}=\frac{62.2g}{79g/mol}=0.787 mol[/tex]
[tex]\text{Moles of O}=\frac{37.8g}{16g/mol}=2.36 mol[/tex]
Calculating the mole fraction of each element by dividing the calculated moles by the least calculated number of moles that is 0.787 moles
[tex]\text{Mole fraction of Se}=\frac{0.787 }{0.787 }=1[/tex]
[tex]\text{Mole fraction of O}=\frac{2.36}{0.787 }=2.99\approx 3[/tex]
Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.
The ratio of Se : O = 1 : 3
Hence, the molecular formula of the compound will be [tex]SeO_3[/tex]
Rank the following alkenes in order of increasing stability of the double bond towards addition of HBr:
2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, cis-3-hexene, 3-methyl-3-hexene, 1-hexene
Answer:
2,3-dimethyl-2-butene > 3-methyl-3-hexene > cis-3-hexene > 1-hexene
Explanation:
According to Saytzeff rule, the more highly substituted an alkene is, the more stable it is. Since this is so, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene will be the most stable of all the alkenes listed because it is the most substituted alkene.
Let us also note that terminal alkenes are the least stable because the pi bonds of the alkenes are least stabilized by alkyl groups. This implies that 1-hexene is the least stable alkene among the listed alkenes.
g The most stable nucleon in terms of binding energy per nucleon is 56Fe. If the atomic mass of Fe-56 is 55.9349 amu, calculate the binding energy in J/nucleon and in Mev/nucleon for Fe-56. The atomic mass of a proton is 1.00782 amu and the atomic mass of a neutron is 1.00866 amu. Would the binding energy per nucleon for U-235 be larger or smaller than that of Fe-56
Answer:
The binding energy per nucleon of U-235 is lesser than that Fe-56
Explanation:
The binding energy refers to the energy required to hold the nucleons together in the nucleus of an atom.
It also corresponds to the energy that must be supplied in order to disintegrate the nucleus of an atom.
The binding energy per nucleon of elements depends on the number of nucleons present in the nucleus of the atom of that element. It is defined as the binding energy of the nucleus divided by the number of nucleons.
U-235 contains more nucleons than Fe-56, the binding energy per nucleon of U-235 is less than that of Fe-56. This is further confirmed by the fact that the greater the number of protons in the nucleus, the greater the coulumbic repulsion in the nucleus and the lesser the nuclear force of attraction between nucleons.
How many grams of KNO3 can dissolve in 100g of water at 20°C?
Answer:
30 grams of KNO3 can be dissolved.
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, since the solubility is defined as the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent, usually 100 grams of water as function of the temperature, we will need to recall the graph for the solubility of KNO3 as shown on the attached file.
Thus, by identifying the curve for KNO3, we realize that at a temperature of 20 °C, the solubility is about 30 grams; which means 30 grams can be dissolved in 100 grams of water at 20 °C.
Regards!
How can you identify ethane from ethene
Select the keyword or phrase that will best complete each sentence about the three general rules of for drawing Lewis structures.a. main group b. hafnium c. valence d. hydrogen e. core f. transition metal1. Draw only__the electrons. 2. Give every___element (except hydrogen) an octet of electrons. 3. Give each____two electrons.
Answer:
1. Draw only the valence electrons.
2. Give every element main group element (except hydrogen) an octet of electrons.
3. Give each hydrogen two electrons.
Explanation:
Lewis structures are used to describe the arrangement or configurations of the valence electrons of molecules and polyatomic ions involved in electronic bonding. A Lewis structure consists of the symbols of the elements in the molecule surrounded by dots with each dot representing each of the elements valence electrons. Also, the electrons shared between two elements are shown by dots between the two elements and these electrons are known as shared electron pairs. The valence electrons on atom that is not involved in bonding is known as lone pairs.
The three general rules for drawing Lewis structures are:
1. Draw only the valence electrons. Only the valence electrons of the atoms of elements are shown since they are the only electrons involved in chemical bonding.
2. Give every element main group element (except hydrogen) an octet of electrons. The complete eight valence electrons of the noble gases is associated with their stability. Thus, the main group elements show a tendency to form enough bonds to obtain eight valence electronsmin order to achieve stability. This is known as the octet rule. However, since the maximum number of valence electrons for elements in the first period of the period table is two, the noble gas helium has completely-filled valence shell containing two electrons known as a duplet. Hydrogen belongs to the first period and is therefore an exception tomthe octet rule.
3. Give each hydrogen two electrons. Hydrogen attains a duplet structure in accordance with the structure of helium
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow: (i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 (ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 (iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 (iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 (v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 The electron configuration belonging to the atom with the highest second ionization energy is ________.
Option (i) would have the highest 2nd Ionization Energy.
Option (i) is Sodium.
Can be Written as 2, 8 , 1
For its 1st Ionization energy... It'd be extremely easy to remove that Electron cos its on the outermost shell.
Now After Removing that Electron...
Sodium's Electronic Configuration Reduces to that of Neon Which is 2, 8.
Neon has a very stable Octet.
It would take an ENORMOUS amount of energy to break its Octet stability... that is... Remove 1 electron from its Octet.
So
Option (i) [Sodium] has the highest 2nd Ionization Energy
For a particular first-order reaction, it takes 48 minutes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to 25% of its initial value. What is the value for rate constant (in s -1) for the reaction
Answer: The value for rate constant for a reaction is [tex]4.81\times 10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
Explanation:
The integrated rate law equation for first-order kinetics:
[tex]k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log \frac{a}{a-x}[/tex] ......(1)
Let the initial concentration of reactant be 100 g
Given values:
a = initial concentration of reactant = 100 g
a - x = concentration of reactant left after time 't' = 25 % of a = 25 g
t = time period = 48 min = 2880 s (Conversion factor: 1 min = 60 s)
Putting values in equation 1:
[tex]k=\frac{2.303}{2880s}\log (\frac{100}{25})\\\\k=4.81\times 10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
Hence, the value for rate constant for a reaction is [tex]4.81\times 10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
1. Explain why food lasts longer when placed in the refrigerator as opposed to on the counter in the kitchen.
2. List and describe four factors that affect the rate of a reaction.
3. Sketch a potential energy diagram for the following reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)-->2NH3(g)
Use Table I in the Chemistry Reference Table to identify the following on your graph: potential energy of reactants, potential energy of products, activation energy, and heat of reaction. State the value of the enthalpy and whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Label the y-axis and potential energy and x-axis as reaction coordinate.
4. Describe and explain the effect of (a) the increase in temperature, (b) the increase in concentration of C2H4, and (c) a decrease in pressure to the following system at equilibrium: 2C + 2H2 + heat ⇌ C2H4
It last longer because it slows down the spread of bacteria.
Temperature, concentration, particle size, use of a catalyst.
Organic compounds undergo a variety of different reactions, including substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement. An atom or a group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by another atom or a group of atoms in a substitution reaction. In an addition reaction, two molecules combine to yield a single molecule. Addition reactions occur at double or triple bonds. An elimination reaction can be thought of as the reverse of an addition reaction. It involves the removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule. A rearrangement reaction occurs when bonds in the molecule are broken and new bonds are formed, converting it to its isomer. Classify the following characteristics of the organic reactions according to the type of organic reaction.
a. Reactions involving the replacement of one atom or group of atoms.
b. Reactions involving removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule.
c. Products show increased bond order between two adjacent atoms.
d. Reactant requires presence of a π bond.
e. Product is the structural isomer of the reactant.
1. Substitution reaction
2. Addition reaction
3. Elimination reaction
4. Rearrangement reaction
Answer:
Reactions involving the replacement of one atom or group of atoms. - Substitution reaction
Reactions involving removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule - Elimination reaction
Products show increased bond order between two adjacent atoms - Elimination reaction
Reactant requires presence of a π bond - Addition reaction
Product is the structural isomer of the reactant - Rearrangement reaction
Explanation:
When an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another in a reaction, then such is a substitution reaction. A typical example is the halogenation of alkanes.
A reaction involving the removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule resulting in increased bond order of products is called an elimination reaction. A typical example of such is dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides.
Any reaction that involves a pi bond is an addition reaction because a molecule is added across the pi bond. A typical example is hydrogenation of alkenes.
Rearrangement reactions yield isomers of a molecule. Rearrangement may involve alkyl or hydride shifts in molecules.
Reactions involving the replacement of one atom or group of atoms is substitution reaction, reactions involving removal of two atoms or groups from a molecule and products show increased bond order between two adjacent atoms is elimination reaction, reactant requires presence of a π bond in addition reaction and product is the structural isomer of the reactant is rearrangement reaction.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reactions are those reactions in which reactants undergoes through a variety of changes for the formation of new product.
Substitution reaction: In this reaction any atom or molecule of reactant is replaced by any outside atom or molecule.Addition reaction: In this reaction addition of any reagent takes place across the double or triple bond of any reactant for the formation of product.Elimination reaction: In this reaction any molecule or two atoms will eliminate from the reactant as a result of which we get a bond order increased product.Rearrangement reaction: In this reaction atoms or bonds of a reactant get rearranged for the formation of new product.Hence, classification of above points are done according to their characteristics.
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Which statement
about Niels Bohr's atomic model is true?
Higher orbits have lower energies.
Each orbit has a specific energy level.
&
Electrons can exist in any energy level.
Orbits close to the nucleus have no energy.
Answer:
b. each orbit has a specific energy level
Explanation:
edge
f. . A metal cylinder has a mass of 100.00 g is heated to 95.50 celcius and then put in 245.5 g of water whose initial temperature is 22.50 Celsius. The final temperature of the mixture is 24.17 Celsius what is the specific heat of the metal.
[tex]\large\colorbox{orange}{May Be Helpful ✌️ Dear ✌️}[/tex][tex]\large\colorbox{orange}{May Be Helpful ✌️ Dear ✌️}[/tex]
Match each description below:
a. Will react with water.
b. Will react with steam or acid, but not water.
c. Will react with acid only
d. Will not tract with water, steam, or acid.
1. Cr
2. Cu
3. K
d. Sn
Answer:
a) will react with water: K
b) will react with steam or acid, but not water: Cr & Sn
d) will not react with water, steam, or acid: Cu
Explanation:
K reacts violently with water.
Cr will react with steam to form an oxide + H gas and will react with most acids
Sn will react with steam to form SnO₂ + H gas and, though it does not react as rapidly as other metals in acid, it dissolves easily in concentrated acids
Cu is an extremely nonreactive metal, which is what makes it so suitable for wiring
In the following reaction, Zn is Zn(s) H2SO4(aq) --> ZnSO4(aq) H2(g) A.Reduced B.Oxidized C.This is not a redox reaction D.An oxidizing agent
Answer: The correct option is B) oxidized
Explanation:
Redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously.
The oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which a chemical species loses electrons in a chemical reaction. It occurs when the oxidation number of a species increases.
A reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a chemical species gains electrons in a chemical reaction. It occurs when the oxidation number of a species decreases.
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]Zn+H_2SO_4+S\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2[/tex]
On the reactant side:
Oxidation number of H = +1
Oxidation number of Zn = 0
Oxidation number of S = +6
Oxidation number of O = -2
On the product side:
Oxidation number of H = 0
Oxidation number of Zn = +2
Oxidation number of S = +6
Oxidation number of O = -2
As the oxidation number of Zn is increasing from 0 to +2. Thus, it is getting oxidized. Similarly, the oxidation number of H is decreasing from +1 to 0. Thus, it is getting reduced.
Hence, the correct option is B) oxidized
Briefly explain in your own words why the bond angle increases as the number of electron groups decreases
Answer:
i) The bond angle decreases due to the presence of lone pairs, which causes more repulsion on the bond pairs and as a result, the bond pairs tend to come closer. ii) The repulsion between electron pairs increases with an increase in electronegativity of the central atom and hence the bond angle increases.
Explanation:
The bond angle increases as the number of electron groups increases due to less repulsion between the bonded groups.
We know that in a molecule, repulsion between electron pairs affects the bond angle in the molecule. The magnitude of repulsion depends on the number of electron groups in the molecule.
The more the number of bonded electron groups in the molecule, the lesser the repulsion between electron pairs and the higher the observed bond angle.
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n a combination redox reaction, two or more ____________ , at least one of which is a(n) ____________ , form a(n) ____________ . General Reaction: ____________ In a decomposition redox reaction, a(n) ____________ forms two or more ____________ , at least one of which is a(n) ____________ . General Reaction: ____________ In double-displacement (metathesis) reactions, such as precipitation and acid-base reactions, ____________ of two ____________ exchange places; these reactions ____________ redox processes.General Reaction: ____________ In solution, single-displacement reactions occur when a(n) ____________ of one ____________ displaces the ____________ of another. Since one of the ____________ is a(n) ____________ , a
Answer:
In a combination redox reaction, two or more reactants, at least one of which is a(n) element, form a(n) compound. General Reaction: X + Y > Z
In a decomposition redox reaction, a(n) compound forms two or more products, at least one of which is a(n) element. General Reaction: Z>X+Y
In double-displacement (metathesis) reactions, such as precipitation and acid-base reactions, atoms (or ions) of two compounds exchange places; these reactions are not redox processes. General Reaction: AB+CD>AD+CB
In solution, single-displacement reactions occur when a(n) atom of one element displaces the atom of another. Since one of the reactants is a(n) element, all single-displacement reactions are redox processes. General Reaction: X+YZ>XY+Z
Explanation:
In a combination redox reaction, two or more reactants, at least one of which is a(n) element, form a(n) compound.
General Reaction: X + Y > Z
In the reaction scheme above, X combines with Y to give Z as a product.
In a decomposition redox reaction, a(n) compound forms two or more products, at least one of which is a(n) element.
General Reaction: Z>X+Y
In the reaction scheme above, Z decomposes to X and Y
In double-displacement (metathesis) reactions, such as precipitation and acid-base reactions, atoms (or ions) of two compounds exchange places; these reactions are not redox processes since there are no changes occurring in the oxidation number of the atoms (or ions) involved.
General Reaction: AB+CD>AD+CB
In the reaction scheme above, B and D exchange places in their respective compounds
In solution, single-displacement reactions occur when a(n) atom of one element displaces the atom of another. This type of reaction is due to the difference in the reactivities of the elements. The more reactive atom of one element displaces the least reactive atom of another element from its solution.
Since one of the reactants is a(n) element, all single-displacement reactions are redox processes.
General Reaction: X+YZ>XY+Z
In the reaction scheme above, X displaces Z from the compound YZ.
How do enzymes function in biological reactions?
Answer:
it binds molecules like a chemical bond-breaking
Explanation:
Enzymes perform the critical task of lowering a reaction's activation energy—that is, the amount of energy that must be put in for the reaction to begin. Enzymes work by binding to reactant molecules and holding them in such a way that the chemical bond-breaking and bond-forming processes take place more readily.
A 0.15 M solution of BaCl2 contains: Group of answer choices 0.30 M Ba2 ions and 0.30 M Cl- ions. 0.15 M Ba2 ions and 0.15 M Cl- ions. 0.30 M Ba2 ions and 0.15 M Cl- ions. 0.15 M Ba2 ions and 0.30 M Cl- ions. none of the above
Answer:
0.15 M Ba⁺² ions and 0.30 M Cl⁻ ions
Explanation:
The dissociaton of barium chloride is as follows:
BaCl₂ → Ba²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
By observing the stoichiometric coefficients, we can tell that the number of moles of Ba²⁺ is the same as the number of moles of BaCl₂, while the number of moles of Cl⁻ is the double of that.
Chemistry Grade 11: Hi, I don't know what this is, please help?
CALCULATING % YIELD STEPS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Answer:
1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction
2. Identify all important information provided in the word problems or data table.
3. Solve for the theoretical yield of the reaction, following all the steps of a stoichiometry calculation organizer. Use two calculations if both reactants are provided.
4. Use the percent yield equation to calculate the percent yield of the reaction.
Explanation:
its comes right from the 5.06 lesson
Electron sharing can be depicted by a Lewis dot structure, in which element symbols are surrounded by dots that represent the valence electrons (electrons in the ___________ shell). A ______________ bond is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by _____________ atoms. Hydrogen has _____________ valence electron(s) in the first shell, but the capacity of the shell is ______________ electron(s). When a hydrogen atom comes close enough to a carbon atom for their orbitals to overlap, they can share their electrons. The hydrogen atom is now associated with _______________ electron(s) and a ______________ bond is formed. As a result, one of the structures does not make sense because hydrogen has only ____________ valence electron(s) to share, so it cannot form bonds with two atoms.
Answer:
Outermost
Covalent
Two
One
Two
Two
Covalent
One
Explanation:
A covalent bond is formed when an atom shares two electrons with another atom. These shared electrons could be contributed by each of the bonding atoms or by only one of the bonding atoms.
Hydrogen has the electronic configuration of 1s1. This implies that it has only one electron in its valence shell although the 1s shell can accommodate two electrons. When the atomic orbitals of carbon and hydrogen overlap, they share two electrons and hydrogen is now associated with two electrons in a covalent bond.
Since hydrogen possesses only one valence electron, it can not be bonded to two atoms.
Compound A has molecular formula C4H10. Compound A gives two monochlorides, B and C, on photochemical chlorination. Treatment of either of these monochlorides with potassium tert-butoxide gives the same alkene (C4H8) as the product, but B leads to just one isomer of the alkene, D, whereas C gives D and another isomer of the alkene, E. Treatment of monochlorides B and C with aqueous ethanol gives products F and G, respectively, both of which are of molecular formula C4H10O. What are the chemical names of compounds A-G
Answer:
Explanation:
Radical chlorination of butane in the presence of light gives rise to the formation of two isomeric monochlorides B (1-chlorobutane) and C (2-chlorobutane). Both upon reaction with a bulky base (potassium tert-butoxide) give rise to D(but-1-ene) and E(but-2-ene) respectively, this is because the bulky base abstracts the less hindered proton. Compound B and C were later treated with aqueous C2H5OH which results in the hydrolysis of alkyl halides to produce Compound F(butan-1-ol) and compound G (butan-2-ol) respectively.
The diagrammatic expression of the whole reaction is shown in the attached image below.
You have been observing an insect that defends itself from enemies by secreting a caustic liquid. Analysis of the liquid shows it to have a total concentration of formate plus formic acid (Ka =1.8 x 10^-4) of 1.45 M; the concentration of formate ion is 0.015 M. What is the pH of the secretion?
Answer:
pH = 1.76
Explanation:
The mixture of formate and formic acid produce a buffer. The pH of the buffer is obtained using H-H equation as follows:
pH = pKa + log [A-] / [HA]
Where pH is the pH of the buffer:
pKa = -log Ka = 3.74
[A-] is molar concentration of conjugate base (Formate) = 0.015M
[HA] is molar concentration of weak acid (Formic acid) = 1.45M - 0.015M = 1.435M
Replacing:
pH = 3.74 + log [0.015M] / [1.435M]
pH = 1.76Which of the following is an oxidation reduction reaction
Oxidation is lost of electrons. Reduced is gain of electrons. you can also remember them as OIL RIG.
If this experiment was performed again, but this time, 5.0 g of the mixture were used, then, assuming the same mass percentages (5 % cellulose, 47.5 % caffeine, and 47.5 % benzoic acid), what is the theoretical mass (in g) of cellulose in this mixture
Answer:
the theoretical mass of cellulose in this mixture is 0.25 grams
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
mass of the mixture = 5.0 gram
mass percentage of cellulose = 5%
mass percentage of caffeine = 47.5%
mass percentage of benzoic acid = 47.5%
so mass of caffeine in the mixture will be;
⇒ ( mass percentage of cellulose ) × ( mass of the mixture )
= 5% × 5.0 gram
= ( 5 / 100 ) × 5.0 grams
= 0.05 × 5.0 grams
= 0.25 grams
Therefore, the theoretical mass of cellulose in this mixture is 0.25 grams
If the electromagnet in the PhET simulation is disconnected from the battery, the compass needle will
A. Not move
B. Flip directions
C. Point north
D. Point south
d=ut+5 make u the subject
Explanation:
d=ut+5
d-5=ut
d-5/t=u
!!!!!!!
Suppose you need to prepare 21.0 mL of formate buffer with a ratio of 4 of [sodium formate]/[formic acid] by mixing 0.10 M formic acid and 0.10 M sodium formate. How many milliliters of sodium formate do you need to measure to make this buffer (assuming the rest is formic acid)
Answer: A volume of 20.49 milliliters of sodium formate do you need to measure to make this buffer (assuming the rest is formic acid).
Explanation:
Given: Total volume of the buffer = 21.0 mL
[tex]\frac{[HCOONa]}{[HCOOH]} = 4[/tex] ... (1)
It is assumed that the volume of HCOONa is x. Hence, volume of HCOOH is (21.0 - x) mL.
Hence,
[HCOONa] = Molarity [tex]\times[/tex] Volume
= 0.10 [tex]\times[/tex] x
= 0.1x mmol
Similarly, [HCOOH] = Molarity [tex]\times[/tex] Volume
= 0.10 [tex]\times[/tex] (21.0 - x) mmol
Using equation (1),
[tex]\frac{[HCOONa]}{[HCOOH]} = 4\\\frac{0.1x}{(21.0 - x)} = 4\\0.1x = 84.0 - 4x\\4.1x = 84.0\\x = 20.49 mL[/tex]
As x is the volume of sodium formate. Hence, 20.49 mL of sodium formate is required to make the buffer.
Thus, we can conclude that a volume of 20.49 milliliters of sodium formate do you need to measure to make this buffer (assuming the rest is formic acid).
Write any two drawbacks of the octet theory.
Answer:
Octet rule fails to explain the following:
(1) The stability of incomplete octet molecules, i.e., the molecules with the central atom containing less than eight electrons. (2) The stability of expanded octet molecules, i.e., the molecules with the central atom containing more than eight electrons.
A weak acid is titrated with 0.1236 M NaOH. From the titration curve you determine that the equivalence point occurs after exactly 12.42 mL of NaOH have been added. What is the volume of NaOH at the half-equivalence point (a.k.a. the midpoint)
Answer: The volume of NaOH required at the half-equivalence point is 6.21 mL
Explanation:
The chemical equation for the reaction of a weak acid with NaOH follows:
[tex]HA+ NaOH\rightarrow NaA+H_2O[/tex]
From the equation, we can say that NaOH and weak acid is present in a 1 : 1 ratio.
We are given:
Volume of NaOH required at equivalence point = 12.42 mL
The volume of NaOH required at half-equivalence point will be = [tex]\frac{12.42mL}{2}=6.21mL[/tex]
Hence, the volume of NaOH required at the half-equivalence point is 6.21 mL
The volume of NaOH at the half-equivalence point is 6.21 mL
What is equivalence point?The equivalence point is the point at which equal amount of the acid and base have reacted.
How to determine the half-equivalence pointVolume at equivalence point = 12.42 mLVolume at half-equivalence point =?Half equivalence point = Equivalence point / 2
Half equivalence point = 12.42 / 2
Half equivalence point = 6.21 mL
Therefore, we can conclude that the volume of NaOH at the half-equivalence point is 6.21 mL.
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g Suppose you are titrating vinegar, which is an acetic acid solution of unknown concentration, with a sodium hydroxide solution according to the equation H C 2 H 3 O 2 + N a O H ⟶ H 2 O + N a C 2 H 3 O 2 If you require 30.01 mL of 0.1798 M N a O H solution to titrate 10.0 mL of H C 2 H 3 O 2 solution, what is the molar concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar? Type answer:
Answer: The molar concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar is 0.539 M.
Explanation:
The formula used is:
[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]M_1[/tex] and [tex]V_1[/tex] are the concentration and volume of base.
[tex]M_2[/tex] and [tex]V_2[/tex] are the concentration and volume of an acid.
Given:
Molar concentration of NaOH = 0.1798 M
Volume of NaOH = 30.01 mL
Volume of acetic acid = 10.0 mL
Now putting all the given values in the above formula, we get:
[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2\\\\0.1798M\times 30.01mL=M_2\times 10.0mL\\\\M_2=0.539M[/tex]
Thu, the molar concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar is 0.539 M.