RNA is created. Proteins for Ktfets are created.
Codons are found in mRNA.
Pre-mRNA transcripts are created during transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase (green), which uses DNA as a template (pink). The pre-mRNA gets transformed into a mature mRNA molecule, which may then be translated to create the protein molecule that was originally encoded by the gene.
A messenger RNA molecule's sequence of codons. Three nucleotides make up each codon, which typically correlate to one amino acid. The letters A, U, G, and C are used to abbreviate the nucleotides. The building blocks of this mRNA, known as codons, which are three-nucleotide mRNA sequences, are smaller molecules called amino acids. Every codon is identified by a unique amino acid that it represents.
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Marine Science
1. If the amount of oil that spilled into the Gulf Coast had been processed oil,
would that have been better or worse for the environment? Explain your
answer.
2. Why is it so difficult to tell the impact of pollution in the deep ocean region?
3. How might marine scientists combat eutrophication?
4. Which layer of the ocean do you think is most impacted by the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch? Explain your answer.
5. How might the negative impact of tourism on marine ecosystems be
minimized?
Whether the oil that spilled into the Gulf Coast would have been better or worse for the environment if it had been processed oil is difficult to determine as it would depend on various factors such as the amount, type and location of the spill, and the methods used to clean up the spill.
Why is it so difficult to tell the impact of pollution in the deep ocean region?
It is difficult to tell the impact of pollution in the deep ocean region because of the limited access to this region and the challenges of monitoring and measuring the effects of pollutants in this remote and harsh environment. The deep ocean is also a complex and interconnected system, so the impact of pollution may take years to emerge and be difficult to isolate and quantify.
Marine scientists can combat eutrophication by reducing nutrient inputs from human activities such as agricultural and wastewater runoff, and by promoting best practices for managing these inputs. They can also monitor and study the effects of eutrophication on marine ecosystems and develop strategies for restoring affected areas.
The layer of the ocean most impacted by the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is likely to be the surface layer, where plastic and other debris are carried by ocean currents. However, as the plastic and debris break down into smaller pieces, they may also impact deeper ocean layers.
The negative impact of tourism on marine ecosystems can be minimized by implementing sustainable tourism practices, such as reducing waste and energy consumption, promoting responsible wildlife interactions, and protecting sensitive marine habitats and ecosystems. Additionally, regulations and guidelines can be put in place to manage the impact of tourism on marine ecosystems, and education and outreach efforts can be used to raise awareness about the importance of protecting the oceans.
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Nova ScienceNOW video.
Where did we come from?
1. Life emerged from___
2. Early life needed
and____
3. John Sutherland simulated the conditions in a________ as suggested by Charles Darwin and built a____ molecule for the first time.
4. Sunshine turns the____ base in RNA into a ________ base.
Life emerged from the water. Early life needed oxygen.
What is the origin of life?Life is eternal and coeternal with matter; it first appeared on Earth at or shortly after its creation.
A succession of developing chemical reactions led to the emergence of life on the early Earth. Such reactions might have been probable or might have needed one or more extremely unlikely chemical occurrences.
Life originated in water. Many theories were given by different scientists. Charles Darwin gave theory of natural selection, which is very useful to understand the evolution.
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At equilibrium, there will be no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane.
1. True
2. False
True. At equilibrium, there will be no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane.
There won't be any net movement of molecules across the cell membrane when the system is in equilibrium. This happens when a substance's concentration both within and outside of a cell is the same and its rate of diffusion is the same in both directions. The system achieves equilibrium or balance as a result of there being no net movement of the substance over the membrane.
Equilibrium is a condition in which a system experiences no net change over time. When referring to cell membranes, this is the distribution of elements (such ions and molecules) within the membrane. When a membrane has a concentration gradient, molecules will typically migrate from regions of high to low conc.
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The dense area DNA in the nucleus is
called PLEASE HELP ASAP
Answer:
the nucleolus
Explanation: The nucleolus is the most prominent structure in the eukaryotic cell nucleus, with its high density and greater refractive index relative to the surrounding nucleoplasm rendering it readily detectable in cytological specimens by both light and electron microscopy
why is polarity relevant to the biology of a cell and physiology
Answer:
Cell polarity plays a critical role in cell function. A prime example is the epithelial cells utilizing apical-basal polarity to provide a barrier function against pathogens. Another example is cell migration which requires front-to-back polarity to allow cells to adhere to and detach from the ECM.
how might genotype frequencies change under directional selection?
Directional selection causes the changes in the allele frequency and the shifting of the phenotype towards the favoured type in a particular direction.
In this condition, one of the extreme phenotypes are promoted, which result in the shifting of genotypic frequency either of the homozygous characteristics.
What is directional selection?Natural selection that favors an extreme phenotype because of environmental changes is known as directional selection.
What is phenotype?An individual's observable traits or characters are referred to as phenotypes.
What is genotypic frequency?The percentage of all the total number of individuals represented by a single genotype is known as the genotype frequency.
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how long does it take for the number of 158o nuclei in a given sample to decrease by a factor of 1×10−3?
It takes 1279 s for the number of 1580 nuclei in a given sample to decrease by a factor of 1×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex].
The half-life of a quantity is the time it takes to decline to half of its starting value. In nuclear physics, the phrase is typically used to indicate how rapidly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive. The word is often used to describe any form of exponential decay in general.
The biological half-life of medications and other compounds in the human body, for example, is referred to in the medical sciences. In exponential growth, the inverse of half-life is doubling time. Half-life is a characteristic unit for the exponential decay equation that is constant across the lifespan of an exponentially decaying quantity. The table that follows depicts the reduction of a quantity as a function of the number of half-lives elapsed.
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Name the structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body.
A structure composed of two or more tissue types working together to perform specific functions for the body is called an organ.
An organ is a complex structure in the body that is composed of two or more different types of tissues working together to perform specific functions. The different types of tissues are organized in a specific manner to achieve the organ's function.
For example, the stomach is an organ that is composed of several different types of tissues, including muscle tissue, glandular tissue, and epithelial tissue. The muscle tissue contracts and mixes the contents of the stomach, the glandular tissue produces digestive juices, and the epithelial tissue lines the inside of the stomach and protects it from the corrosive effects of digestive juices.
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explain how climate change is impacting biodiversity in ecosystems. provide two examples
Climate change is causing alterations in temperatures, precipitation patterns and sea levels, which are negatively affecting biodiversity in ecosystems. For example, it is causing the loss of habitats for polar bears in the Arctic and coral reefs in tropical oceans.
Climate change refers to the long-term changes in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth's local and regional climates.
These changes are primarily caused by increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which trap more heat from the sun and warm the planet. As a result, temperatures are rising, precipitation patterns are changing, and sea levels are rising.
All of these impacts are having a negative effect on biodiversity, or the variety of life, in ecosystems.
For example, the loss of sea ice in the Arctic due to warming temperatures is causing the loss of habitat for polar bears, which rely on the ice to hunt and breed. As sea ice disappears, so do the polar bears' food sources, making it more difficult for the population to survive.
Another example is the decline of coral reefs in tropical oceans. Coral reefs are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, providing habitat for thousands of species of fish, crustaceans, and other marine life.
However, warming oceans and ocean acidification, caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, are causing coral reefs to bleach and die. This loss of coral reefs is having devastating effects on the species that depend on them for survival, leading to a decline in overall biodiversity in these ecosystems.
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triacylglycerols are synthesized by during times of starvation via a process known as . a. dihydroxyacetone phosphate; glyceroneogenesis b. ketone bodies; ketosis c. dihydroxyacetone phosphate; ketosis d. acetyl coa; ketosis e. acetyl coa; glyceroneogenesis
The triacylglycerols are synthesized by dihydroxyacetone phosphate during times of starvation via a process known as glyceroneogenesis. The correct option is Option A.
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway where glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized from precursors like glucose. Glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by the process of glycolysis, but then concentration of glucose drops in the cytosol, then it is generated by a pathway called glyceroneogenesis. It uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine and many others from the TCA cycle. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K) is the enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate . This is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also in the liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway that regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
The main precursors of glyceroneogenesis are pyruvate, lactate, glutamine, and alanine. Glyceroneogenesis is also known as the branched pathway of gluconeogenesis because the first few steps in glyceroneogenesis are exactly the same as gluconeogenesis.
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The results of which of these crosses allowed T. H. Morgan to conclude that the white‑eye trait in Drosophila was not autosomal recessive?
The crosses wouldn't generally give an unexpected outcome in comparison to what might be generally anticipated on the off chance that the white‑eye characteristic was autosomal passive.
Crosses between evident reproducing white-looked-at females and red-peered toward guys would bring about half red-peered toward females and half white-peered toward guys in light of the fact that the white eye characteristic is connected to the X-chromosome and guys just acquire their X chromosome from their mom.
Calvin Extensions established that the uncommon white‑eyed guys delivered from the mating of true‑breeding red‑eyed females with white‑eyed guys came about because of a nondisjunction of X chromosomes in the female parent during meiosis.
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lucky people who cannot be infected with hiv are protected because group of answer choices their cells lack receptors that admit the virus they do not engage in risky behavior. their cells have extra receptors for hiv. they were vaccinated. they are already infected.
According to research, some people's CD4+ cells are relatively resistant to HIV. HIV cannot damage CD4+ cells if it cannot bind to them. Some people's immune systems may be more capable of eliminating the virus.
HIV does not infect everyone. You may be protected if you have a gene deficiency. To enter the body, the HIV virus requires two entrance locations. The virus cannot enter if one of the routes is blocked.
HIV targets the immune system by eliminating white blood cells known as CD4 positive (CD4+) T cells, which are essential for combating infection. As a result of the scarcity of these cells, persons infected with HIV are more prone to various infections and illnesses, as well as extra difficulties.
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why is it difficult to draw a conclusion from an experiment that has no control group?
Answer:
The control group is what the standard is in the experiment, it is what we're comparing the results to. Including a control helps draw a conclusion because it helps the research tell if there was truly a significant effect on an experimental group. Without a control group, threats of the placebo effect and other things would undermine the validity of the whole experiment.
Which of the following build(s) new strands of DNA?
A). The origins of replication
B). DNA polymerases
C). Parental DNA
D). The leading strand
E). The lagging strand
New strands of DNA is formed by DNA polymerases.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer consisting of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix. Genetic material included in all recognized creatures, including many viruses, is essential to their growth, development, function, and reproduction. DNA and ribonucleic acid are examples of nucleic acids.
The molecule that carries the genetic information required for an organism to grow and function is called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. A double helix, which is made up of two linked strands that loop around one another to resemble a twisted ladder, is the shape of DNA.
Hence the correct option is b).
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isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions examples
An isotonic solution is one that has the same osmolarity, or solute concentration, as another solution. If these two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, water will flow in equal parts from each solution to the other.
The effect is zero water flow between the two solutions, even though the water is moving in both directions. In biology, some cells must be maintained in an isotonic solution to support cellular functions. Examples of isotonic solutions are blood cells, osmoconformers, and osmoregulation.
While a hypotonic solution is a solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than other solutions. This is because a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the concentration of solutes in other solutions, for example, saline solutions and intravenous fluids.
Hypertonic solutions are solutions that have a higher solute concentration than other solutions e.g. saline solutions and intravenous fluids.
High concentrations make water osmosis or flow out of a hypertonic solution (solute cannot cross the membrane so that the solvent or water osmosis). For example a Solution of 5% dextrose (sugar), and 0.45% sodium chloride.
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which is found in plant or algae cells but not in animal cells:? a.Cell wall
b.Nucleus
c.Endoplasmic reticulum
d.Mitochondria
a. Cell wall is found in plant and algae cells but not in animal cells.
what in common does plant and algae cells have ?
Plant and algae cells are surrounded by a rigid, protective cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides structure and support. Animal cells, on the other hand, do not have a cell wall and are instead surrounded by a flexible cell membrane.
Both plant, algae and animal cells contain a nucleus, which is the membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's genetic material.
Both plant, algae and animal cells also contain an endoplasmic reticulum, which is an organelle involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Both plant, algae and animal cells also contain mitochondria, which are organelles responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration.
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1.3.5 practice dna and heredity Describe the two main phases of the cell cycle. (2 points)One phase is interphase which is during the cell grows. Another phase is the Mitotic phase in which
The interphase as well as M phase are two stages of the cell cycle. M phase is separated prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, whereas the phase separation is divided into G1, phase S, and G2.
What other name does metaphase go by?The achieved through increased or equatorial plate is the collection of chromosomal at the spindle hemisphere. When examined whether from pole of the nucleus, the chromosomal, joined at their centrosome, appear to be organized in a ring, whereas when examined from above, they appear to lie linearly over this plane.
What occurs at the metaphase stage?The chromatin of the cell condensed and move toward one another, aligning inside the center of something like the sporangium, and the nuclear of the cell disintegrates during metaphase. The chromosome may now be identified when viewed under a microscope.
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Which nerve cells convey information within the nervous system?
Answer:
brain
Explanation:
the brain is responsible
How would you describe the stability of the system represented by the time lapsed graph? Is it becoming more or less stable?
Geoscience
Following the time lapsed graph, the system is becoming more stable.
What is a time lapsed graph?A time-lapsed graph is a representation of data over a period of time, showing how a certain value or values change over time. It is a visual representation of data that shows trends and patterns over time, making it easier to understand and analyze.
We can use the time lapsed graph for the purpose of seeing to the and the analysis of certain geological as well as other systems of interest as seen.
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The nervous system is made up of _____ of communicating cells.
Choose matching definition
1 about 100,000
2 billions
3 millions
4 about 500,000
The nervous system is made up of billions of communicating cells. Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.
Two major sections make up the nervous system. Each component is made up of billions of neurons, or nerve cells. These unique cells instruct your body how to behave by transmitting and receiving electrical impulses. Your CNS is made up of your brain and spinal cord. Your nerves are used by your brain to communicate with the rest of your body. Your body's peripheral nervous system is made up of several nerves that branch off from your central nervous system (CNS).
Neurons are specialised cells that your nervous system uses to deliver signals or messages throughout your body. These electrical signals are sent and received by your muscles, organs, glands, skin, and brain. You can move your limbs and experience sensations like pain thanks to the communications.
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what organ is associated with ascites and requires removal of excess abdominal fluid via abdominocentesis:
The organ is associated with ascites and requires removal of excess abdominal fluid via abdominocentesis is the liver
Ascites is an abnormal condition in which the abdomen is filled with excess fluid. This buildup of fluid causes the stomach to appear enlarged because fluid accumulates in leaky blood vessels. This is caused by liver failure or a decrease in the amount and production of albumin which functions to bind fluids.
The liver is an organ that is under the ribs on the right side of the stomach and plays a role in digesting food and ridding the body of toxins. An injured liver that lasts a long time and continuous scarring of the liver can cause a person to experience liver failure so that the liver does not function properly. Injuries that cause liver failure can be caused by viruses or alcohol. Liver failure can cause a person to experience ascites due to blockages in the veins in the liver so that the blood vessels leak and cause the abdomen to fill with fluid.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?
a) not permeable
b) impermeable
c) fully permeable
d) semipermeable
D) Semipermeable describes the cell membrane (or selectively permeable).
The cell membrane is it permeable or not?Barriers and gatekeepers are cell membranes. Since the lipid bilayers are semi-permeable, certain molecules can diffuse through it while others cannot. Gases and small hydrophobic molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, quickly traverse membranes.
The cell membrane is impermeable, right?Larger, neutral polar molecules and all charged molecules, including ions, are virtually impervious to the plasma membrane.
Which property makes cell membranes impermeable?Proteins and phospholipid bilayer make up the cell membrane. It is a semi-permeable membrane that is alive and controls the solutes that can pass through. Ions are generally not able to pass through the membrane since they are charged and therefore not soluble in lipids.
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Kiwi Island is an imaginary 30,000-acre island in the
South Pacific. The population of Kiwi Island was
stable at 230 people between 2000 and 2010. Many
areas of the island were tropical forests uninhabited
by people. As more and more people discovered this
paradise, the population began to double each year
after 2010.
1. Plot the population growth of Kiwi Island from
2000 to 2017.
The data for the population growth would be as follows:
2000: 230
2001: 230
2002: 230
2003: 230
2004: 230
2005: 230
2006: 230
2007: 230
2008: 230
2009: 230
2010: 230
2011: 230 * 2 = 460
2012: 460 * 2 = 920
2013: 920 * 2 = 1840
2014: 1840 * 2 = 3680
2015: 3680 * 2 = 7360
2016: 7360 * 2 = 14720
2017: 14720 * 2 = 29440
What is population?Population refers to the number of individuals of a particular species or group of species living in a specific geographic area or habitat. In a human context, population refers to the total number of people living in a specific area, such as a country, city, or region. Populations can be studied and analyzed in terms of demographics, migration patterns, birth and death rates, and other factors that affect their growth and change over time.
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why don’t people with dmd make dystrophin?
Mutation of the DMD gene will result in absence of the dystrophin protein, leading to degeneration of muscle fibers. The body can replace (regenerate) some muscle fibers, but over time more and more muscle fiber is lost. Such degeneration leads to the symptoms and findings associated with DMD.
DMD occurs because the mutated DMD gene fails to produce virtually any functional dystrophin. Individuals with BMD genetic mutations make dystrophin that is partially functional, which protects their muscles from degenerating as badly or as quickly as in DMD.
Dystrophin is made by an X-chromosome gene, DMD is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. These mutations can cause dystrophin production to cease entirely or to produce a truncated, non-functional form of the protein.
It is a hereditary condition that inhibits dystrophin synthesis, a protein that is essential for muscle function. Dystrophin deficiency causes gradual muscle deterioration and weakening in people with DMD.
Muscles are vulnerable to injury and damage when dystrophin levels are low. This causes muscle weakness and atrophy over time, which can eventually impair the heart and breathing muscles. Dystrophin deficiency also impairs the proper functioning of the muscle cell membrane, making muscle cells more vulnerable to harm and increasing the chance of muscle degeneration.
In short, persons with DMD are unable to make dystrophin due to dystrophin gene mutations. This lack of dystrophin causes gradual muscle degeneration and weakening, making daily activities difficult for people with DMD and potentially leading to life-threatening problems.
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how do you think sexual and/or asexual reproduction effects a species ability to survive? Construct a 1-2 paragraph explanation
Sexual reproduction allows for genetic diversity, providing the ability to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, results in a lack of genetic diversity and makes the species vulnerable to environmental changes and diseases
Why reproduction effect survival?Sexual reproduction provides genetic diversity, allowing a species to adapt to changing environments and increase their chances of survival. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, produces offspring with identical genetic material, which may limit the ability of a species to adapt to changing conditions. Over time, asexual reproduction can result in the accumulation of harmful mutations, making the species more vulnerable to disease, environmental stress, and other challenges.
However, asexual reproduction can also have benefits, such as a faster rate of reproduction and increased population growth, which can be important for species survival in certain environments. In conclusion, both sexual and asexual reproduction have pros and cons and their effectiveness in a species' survival depends on the specific environmental conditions and the challenges they face.
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1. The belief that there must be a way for nature and nature alone, to generate new and meaningful information (encoded in DNA, such that new and previously non-existent traits arise, giving rise to new and previously nonexistent kinds of organisms) is known as:
a. Natural selection
b. Creationism
c. Neo-Darwinism
d. None of the above
The belief that there must be a way for nature and nature alone, to generate new and meaningful information (encoded in DNA, such that new and previously non-existent traits arise, giving rise to new and previously nonexistent kinds of organisms) is known as None of the above, option D.
What is neo-Darwinian theory of evolution?The neo-Darwinian theory of evolution is an updated version of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It takes into account recent discoveries in genetics, including the discovery of DNA as the genetic material, and the mechanisms of inheritance and mutation.
According to this theory, genetic variation arises through mutations and is passed on to offspring. This belief is not referred to by any of the listed options. It is a combination of ideas from evolution and genetics and is often referred to as the "modern synthesis."
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What are the 4 assumptions of science?
Science operates on the assumptions that natural causes explain natural phenomena, that evidence from the natural world can inform us about those causes.
1. The rules of nature define the orderly nature that exists.
Regularity, pattern, and structure are all used to describe the orderliness of nature.
2. We can understand nature.
We believe that by observing nature, we can learn about natural law.
3. Natural processes are the root of all phenomena.
Nothing that we observe is thought to be abnormal.
4. The acquisition of experience leads to the development of knowledge.
Gaining knowledge by watching. Every year, we watch the wildebeest herd migrate, so we predict that, based on their past behaviour, they will continue to migrate.
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the general classes of the cell components of whole blood are ______.
The general classes of the cell components of whole blood are leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and the thrombocytes (platelets).
In the term of biology, Blood generally can be defined as a specialized body fluid. Blood has four main components, such as white leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and the thrombocytes (platelets), hormones, vitamin, oxygen, immune cells, and platelets. Blood has a function for circulates throughout our body delivering nutrients to various cells, oxygen and also tissues. In our body, blood has average adult possesses around 5-6 liters of blood and 8% of our body weight.
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What could potentially be the most exciting application of epigenetic research?
Personalized medicine is one of the most exciting potential applications of epigenetic research.
Scientists may be able to discover novel techniques to diagnose, prevent, and cure illnesses if they understand how environmental and lifestyle variables impact gene expression. Furthermore, epigenetic alterations might be utilised to create novel medications that target particular changes in gene expression rather than the underlying genetic mutations. Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviour and environment may impact the way your genes function.
Epigenetic alterations, unlike genetic changes, are reversible and do not alter your DNA sequence, but they can alter how your body reads a DNA sequence.
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Which choice does NOT represent an explanation for pleiotropy?
a) Expression of two genes that affect cell function in more than one way
b) Expression of one gene in different cell types
c) Expression of one gene at different stages of development
d) Expression of one gene that affects cell function in more than one way (Pleiotropy involves multiple effects of a single gene.)
Expression of two genes that affect cell function in more than one way doesn't represent an explanation for pleiotropy. Pleiotropy describes a gene's ability to exhibit numerous features.
These demonstrated features could or might not be connected. Geneticist Gregor Mendel, who is renowned for his groundbreaking research with pea plants, was the first to discover pleitropy. Mendel discovered that the color of a plant's blossom (either white or purple) was always correlated with the hue of the seed coat and leaf axil (a region on a plant stem formed by the angle between the leaf and upper section of the stem). Pleitropic gene research is crucial to genetics since it reveals the relationships between many features and hereditary illnesses. Gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, selectional pleiotropy, and antagonistic pleiotropy are some of the several terms used to describe pleitropy.
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