what is the basic structure of the plasma membrane?
The phospholipid bilayer, which creates a permanent barrier between two aqueous compartments, is the membrane's basic structural component.
What's the plasma membrane's fundamental make-up, exactly?The phospholipid bilayer that makes up the plasma membrane has hydrophobic tails and polar heads that face each other to repel water. To selectively assist the flow of particles across the membrane, proteins are inserted in the membrane.
What are the fundamental composition and purpose of the plasma membrane?All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment. A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The cell membrane controls how materials entering and and exiting the cell.
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what options do butterflies have for regulating their body temperature
Butterflies are ectothermic, meaning that their body temperature is mostly controlled by their surroundings. They can sunbathe in the sun, shiver their wings, and change their metabolic rate.
What is their method of cooling off?Veins and fragrance patches are examples of living structures found on butterfly wings. When compared to the surroundings, these structures produce greater heat. When the insect tans in the sun, this aids in keeping the veins and patches cool.
What temperature is ideal for butterflies?When the temperature is between 80 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit, butterflies are particularly active. On the other hand, when temperatures drop too low, butterflies are unable to contract the muscles necessary for flight. Most butterflies cannot fly until the temperature is at least 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
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state why dna strands must be separated prior to replication.
Regarding DNA replication, Watson and Crick themselves had specific theories that were based on the molecular makeup of the DNA molecule.
What is DNA replication?The researchers, in particular, proposed that replication proceeds in a "semiconservative" manner. The two original DNA strands, or the two complementary halves of the double helix, separate during replication, according to the semiconservative replication.
Each strand then acts as a template for a new DNA strand, resulting in each newly synthesized double helix being made up of one old (or original) and one new DNA strand.
Conceptually, the complementary nature of the DNA double helix and the fact that adenine always mates with thymine made semiconservative replication make sense.
Therefore, Regarding DNA replication, Watson and Crick themselves had specific theories that were based on the molecular makeup of the DNA molecule.
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Biologists often use the term energy source as a synonym for "electron donor." Why?
Potential energy necessary for the synthesis of ATP is provided by an electron donor. According to the literature, bacteria and archaea's astounding metabolic variety allows for their incredible ecological diversity.
What does the respiration's electron donor look like?The final acceptor inside the electron transport cycle is oxygen. The gradient in protons within the intermembrane gap is produced by NADH molecules, which provide electrons to be transferred through a number of proteins.
What is a electron donor in biology?Electron donors are ions and compounds that act as reducing agents by donating electrons. Hydrogen atoms give an oxygen atom was one their electrons when they mix with gaseous oxygen to make water (H2O).
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Two students worked together to create a bohr model of a sodium atom. When creating this model they realized the valence shell only has one electron and does not meet the octet rule. They began to argue about how this atom will become an ion. Student a noted the atom would most likely become a negative ion because it will gain an electron to gain stability. Student b noted the atom would become a positive ion because it will lose an electron to gain stability.
Both students have a good understanding of the concept of ions and the octet rule. Student A is correct in noting that sodium atoms tend to form negative ions by gaining an electron to achieve a full valence shell of eight electrons.
This is because sodium has just one electron in its valence shell, which makes it highly reactive and unstable. In order to achieve stability, sodium atoms will tend to gain an electron to form a negative ion with a full valence shell, which is more energetically favorable.
Student B is also partially correct in that sodium atoms can become positive ions by losing an electron. This occurs in certain chemical reactions where sodium atoms interact with other elements and form cations (positively charged ions).
However, it is less common for sodium atoms to form positive ions because sodium has a high electron affinity, which means that it is more likely to gain an electron than to lose one.
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Chemical bonds hold together the atoms that make up a molecule. Molecules may also be attached to one another by chemical bonds. The figure shows how hydrogen bonds attach water molecules to other water molecules.Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.HelpResetpolar covalent bondhydrogen bondnegativehydrogenionic bondpositiveoxygen1. A water molecule consists of one oxygen atom joined to each of two hydrogen atoms by a(n) ____, a type of bond in which the electrons do not spend equal time with the two atoms involved.2. Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the electrons in a water molecule spend more time closer to _____.3. The unequal distribution of electrons means that each of the three atoms in a water molecule has a ____. This makes water a polar molecule.4. The oxygen of a water molecule has a partial ____ charge.5. Each hydrogen in a water molecule has a partial ____ charge.6. A weak bond called a(n) _____ forms as a result of the attraction between the slightly positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen of a nearby water molecule.
One oxygen atom is joined to each of the water molecules, which are made up of two hydrogen atoms, through a(n) polar covalent bond, a sort of connection in which the electrons do not spend equal time with the two atoms involved.
A water molecule can form bonds with substances other than other water molecules?
A water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms. With the oxygen atoms of various water molecules, both of these atoms are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Each water molecule has a maximum hydrogen bonding capacity of three. Each water molecule can form four hydrogen bonds: two between its hydrogen atoms and those of its neighbors, plus two additional hydrogen atoms.
As a straightforward physical two-body system that produced several straightforward closed-form analytical solutions, the hydrogen atom is particularly significant in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
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what procedure would a client diagnosed with atrial fibrillation have which creates heat scars to block abnormal electrical signals in the heart?
Ablation is a treatment for atrial fibrillation. It causes scarring on the interior of the heart by using minor burns or freezes to help break up the electrical signals that cause irregular heartbeats.
This can aid in the heart's ability to maintain a regular cardiac rhythm. A maze treatment is a type of cardiac surgery that is used to treat AFib, or atrial fibrillation. The treatment inhibits aberrant impulses while allowing normal cardiac signals to pass through by forming a precise pattern (maze) of scar tissue. A maze method has an 80 to 90% success rate. It may take a month or more to recover.
The atria do not contract in atrial fibrillation, and the atrioventricular (AV) conduction system is inundated with multiple electrical impulses, resulting in inconsistent impulse transmission and an irregular heartbeat.
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how to bruise formed by collection of blood at the puncture site?
If the individual taking the blood doesn't put sufficient pressure upon this insertion site once the syringe is removed, this could also result in a bruise.
Is a bruise after having blood drawn typical?After getting your blood drawn, some bruising is typical. When a blood artery is injured, blood leaks into the tissue beneath your skin, resulting in a bruise. Blood clots typically result in a coloration that is deeper than the skin surrounding.
What is the name for blood bruises?The medical name for bruises is "ecchymosis." When blood collects beneath your skin, they develop. A blood vessel burst is what causes them. Bruises appear as a mark on the skin that ranges in color from red to purple or black and blue.
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[TRUE or FALSE] : the iliacus is the muscle that can be found superficial to the iliac fossa.
Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ___________ which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins.
Many cell in organelles, are most notably the type of nucleus, which are anchored with intermediate filaments and are assembled using a diverse type of class any proteins.
The intermediate filaments that anchor numerous cellular organelles, most notably the nucleus, are built from a wide range of protein classes. Proteins dimerize into microtubules at centrosomes.
The nucleus and other organelles are anchored in place by tension-bearing intermediate filaments. Microtubules assist the cell in resisting compression, act as vesicle-moving pathways for motor proteins, and pull replicated chromosomes to the opposite ends of dividing cells.
Vimentin and keratin filaments both bind to the nuclear envelope, positioning and securing the nucleus within the cell, it appears. Additionally, intermediate filaments can form associations with actin filaments, microtubules, and other cytoskeleton components in addition to the plasma membrane.
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what structure is used to help count the number of chromosomes?
The structure is used to help count the numbers of chromosomes is the centromere. which divides the chromosome into two sections, or arms.
What is centromere and its function?Centromere The centromere appears as a constricted region of a chromosome and plays a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis). Specifically, it is the region where the cell's spindle fibers attach.
What is a centromere example?In holocentric chromosomes centromeric proteins, such as CENPA (CenH3) are spread over the whole chromosome. The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is a well-known example of an organism with holocentric chromosomes, but this type of centromere can be found in various species, plants, and animals, across eukaryotes.
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What is found in the space between the two pleural layers? a. heart b. lung c. pleural fluid d. thoracic wall e. visceral pleura
The pleural fluid is found between the space between the two pleural layers, option C.
What is the role of pleural fluid?Pleural fluid is a thin layer of liquid that is found between the two pleural layers (the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura) in the pleural cavity of the lung.
This fluid acts as a lubricant and helps to reduce friction between the two pleural layers as they move against each other during breathing. In healthy individuals, the amount of pleural fluid is usually small and does not cause any problems.
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A duplicated chromosome has how many chromatids? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
B) Two. One chromatid, or one copy of each chromosome that is split during cell division, is given to each cell.On the duplicated chromosome, this causes the formation of two sister chromatids.
Does each chromosome have two chromatids?division of cells and chromosomes,Each chromosome now has two physically connected sister chromatids following DNA replication.The chromosome condense to create compact structures after condensation.
Are sister chromatids found on duplicated chromosomes?The identical sister chromatids that make up each duplicated chromosome are connected at a location known as the centromere, giving these structures the appearance of being X-shaped bodies when seen under a microscope.
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Which is the correct order of the steps in a generalized signal transduction pathway? a. Signal molecule enters nucleus, signal molecule binds to DNA, transcription of specific genes occurs b. Signal molecule binds to extracellular region of receptor, signal molecule diffuses through cell membrane, signal is transduced to nucleus where specific genes are turned on or off c. Signal molecule activates target cell, target cell binds to receptor
a. Signal molecules attach to receptors, internal cell molecules translate the signal, and the cell reacts.
What is the signal transduction procedure?The process by which an extracellular messenger binds to a cell surface receptor and is translated into modifications in cellular biology, biochemistry, and transcriptional regulation that enable the cell to respond to a information it has just received is known as signal transduction.
What are the four main signaling types, and what are their respective targets?Recptor-ligand contact and signaling engagement is the key are divided into four categories based on the origin of the ligand (from the same cell, from a nearby cell, or from a distance): autocrine, endocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.
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what is octopus vs squid?
Octopus and squid are both types of cephalopods, which are marine animals known for their tentacles and their ability to shoot ink. However, there are some distinct differences between these two creatures.
One key difference is their anatomy. Octopuses have eight arms, while squids have eight arms and two longer tentacles. Additionally, octopuses have a round head and a soft body with no internal skeleton, while squids have an elongated body with a pen-like internal structure for support.
Another difference is their behavior. Octopuses are known for their intelligence and their ability to camouflage themselves, while squids are faster swimmers and use their ink to create a cloud to confuse predators.
Overall, while octopus and squid have some similarities, they are also distinct creatures with unique characteristics.
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Which option best describes recombinant DNA? Responses
a DNA from an organism that has been rearranged in a different order.
b DNA that has been modified by the removal of unwanted genes
c copies of DNA produced in a lab setting to mass produce proteins copies
d genetic material that incorporates DNA from multiple organisms
answer in a letter not in a long sentence explanation without telling which 1 is correct. pls do it fast 10 points
Answer: D
Explanation:
Answer: genetic material that incorporates DNA from multiple organisms.
Explanation: i took the test and got it right !
A trait whose development requires the action of thousands of genes but whose variation is due to variation at only two loci is
A.) Extranuclear
B.) Digenic
C.) Polygenic
D.) Meristic
A trait that is influenced on two or more genes, such as height and skin tone, is referred to as a polygenic trait. Polygenic traits need not follow the laws of Mendelian inheritance since several genes are involved.
What three categories of genetic variation are there?Genetic variety comes from three different sources: sexual reproduction, gene flow, and mutation. Simply put, a mutation is a DNA change. Although not particularly common, mutations frequently cause harm to a population. As a result, mutations are typically rejected by evolutionary processes.
What kinds of chromosomal number variations are there?Euploidy (variable numbers of complete chromosomal sets) and aneuploidy are chromosome number variations (partial chromosome sets). Diploid, haploid, auto- or allopolyploid, and polytene are some of the different types of euploids, which have different numbers on complete chromosome sets. Partial chromosomal sets are present in aneuploids.
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______ are the major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body. A. Phospholipids
B. Triglycerides C. Lipoproteins D. Sterols
The major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body is triglycerides. Option B
What are triglycerides?Triglycerides are the major form of lipids found in foods and in the human body.
They are composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule, and they are a primary source of energy storage in the body. They are found in many different types of foods, including animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs, as well as plant-based foods such as nuts, seeds, and oils.
In addition to their role as an energy source, triglycerides also have several other important functions in the body, such as insulating and protecting organs, providing essential fatty acids for cell membranes, and serving as precursors for the synthesis of other lipid molecules, such as phospholipids and cholesterol.
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why the color of urine is like tea ?
When urine appears brown or like tea, it may be an indication of dehydration, the presence of certain medications or supplements in your body, or a medical condition.
One of the most common causes of dark urine is dehydration. When you are dehydrated, your body retains more water and produces less urine, which can cause urine to become concentrated and appear darker in color.
Certain foods and beverages, such as black tea, can also cause urine to appear darker in color. Additionally, some medications and supplements, such as rifampin and phenazopyridine, can cause urine to appear brown or red.
Medical conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, and rhabdomyolysis (a condition in which muscle tissue breaks down and releases a pigment called myoglobin into the bloodstream) can also cause urine to appear brown or tea-colored.
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Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and rayfinned fishes?
A) The skin is typically covered by flattened bony scales.
B) They are equally able to exchange gases with the environment while stationary.
C) They are highly maneuverable due to their flexibility.
D) They have a lateral line that is sensitive to changes in water pressure.
E) A swim bladder helps control buoyancy.
Sharks and ray-finned fishes are similar in that both contain lateral lines that are responsive to fluctuations in water pressure.
The correct answer is D
What makes a fish a ray-finned fish?As the name implies, the fins is supported by rays. They have a stiff skeleton as opposed to cartilaginous fish. Most ray-finned fish have a special organ called a swim bladder that allows them to stay buoyant even when they move up and down in the water.
Why are ray-finned fish superior to sharks?Rays have expanded pectoral fins but a well slender tail that resembles a rope and can be anywhere from small to lengthy in length. Rays use the motions of their wings, the pectoral fins, to create waves that help them swim, whereas sharks primarily use the action on their tails to propel themselves forward.
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What do you call a symbiotic interaction where one benefits and the other is unharmed but does not benefit in the interaction?
Answer:
Commensalism
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are used in cells for structural purposes and as an energy source. What is the main type of carbohydrate contained in each of the following? 1. Potato as food 2. Fruit as food 3. Stored human energy 4. Human blood sugar.
1. starch 2. fructose 3. glycogen 4. glucose
The main type of carbohydrate contained in each of the following are:
1. starch
2. fructose
3. glycogen
4. glucose
Numerous functions are carried out by carbohydrates in living things. Starch and glycogen are two examples of polysaccharides that act as both structural elements and energy stores (e.g. cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose serves as the building block of the genetic material RNA and is a crucial component of coenzymes (such as ATP, FAD, and NAD).
Deoxyribose, a similar compound, is a part of DNA. Many additional significant macromolecules, including as those involved in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development, are found in saccharides and their derivatives. The main component of nutrition, carbohydrates can be found in both natural and processed meals.
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There are four different variations of these monomers (four different bases), what are the names of those bases?A. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.B. hydrogen, phosphate, sugar, Guanine.C. Adenine, Thymine, hydrogen, CytosineD. Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, hydrogen
The correct answer is A. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine are the four different nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine through hydrogen bonding to form the complementary base pairs that make up the DNA double helix. These base pairs are the building blocks of DNA, which stores genetic information in the sequence of these nucleotides. Understanding the structure of DNA and the base-pairing rules is essential in understanding the process of DNA replication, transcription, and translation, which are fundamental to gene expression and inheritance. The correct answer is A. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine are the four different nitrogenous bases found in DNA.
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what the pulmonary circulation includes the movement of blood to and from the for gas exchange?
The right ventricle's oxygen-poor blood is transported to the lungs through pulmonary circulation, where it receives a fresh blood supply. The oxygenated blood is then returned towards the left atrium.
The definition of pulmonary circulationThe blood is shunted from of the heart to the lungs where it is resaturated by oxygen before being distributed throughout the systemic circulation. This process is known as pulmonary circulation.
What is the pulmonary circulation's primary purpose?There are many essential functions performed by the pulmonary circulation. Its main job is to exchange gasses across the alveolar membrane, which ultimately results in oxygenated blood being delivered to the rest of the body and carbon dioxide being removed from the bloodstream.
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Cross a blue fish (BB) with a yellow fish (B'B'). Color code
the Punnett square based on the resulting phenotypes if
these fish follow the incomplete dominance inheritance
pattern.
A blue fish (BB) and a yellow fish (B'B') are crossed, and this is an incomplete inheritance, so all the offspring in F1 will show green color, and when these two cross (BB'), then blue, green, and yellow offspring will form.
What is the incomplete dominance of fish?Here the dominant color is blue and the recessive color is yellow, as the heterozygous fish will produce green color, so in F1, all offspring will be green, and when they are crossed, in F2, all three colors, green, yellow, and blue, will produce. The punnet square is below
Hence, a blue fish (BB) and a yellow fish (B'B') are crossed, and this is an incomplete inheritance, so all the offspring in F1 will show green color, and when these two cross (BB'), then blue, green, and yellow offspring will form.
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What is the basic structure of the plasma membrane?
The basic structure of the plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
What do you mean by plasma?
Plasma is a state of matter in which atoms are broken down into their constituent parts, resulting in a highly charged, ionized gas. It is the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gas. Examples of plasma include the sun and stars, lightning, and fluorescent light bulbs.
The plasma membrane is a thin, selective barrier that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins. The phospholipid bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids, which are amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids face outwards, towards the aqueous environment, while the hydrophobic tails face each other and form the interior of the membrane. Embedded proteins are scattered throughout the membrane and serve various functions, including transport, signal transduction, and cell recognition.
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Salmonella enterica is able to detect and move away from certain amino acids in the environment. What is the term used to describe a cells ability to move towards or away from external stimuli?
Salmonella enterica is able to detect and move away from certain amino acids in the environment. Chemotaxis is the term used to describe a cells ability to move towards or away from external stimuli.
An essential biological mechanism called chemotaxis involves a cell migrating in the direction of a spatial stimulus. This spatial cue is presented as a chemoattractant gradient.
Chemotaxis is directional or directed locomotion that is brought on by a chemical gradient. Chemotaxis are many chemical compounds or chemotactic factors for leukocytes that can be seen, however C5a and possibly lymphokines are the most prevalent and significant ones.
Salmonella enterica is a species of the genus Salmonella and is a rod-headed, flagellate, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella enterica serovars contain a variety of dangerous human diseases.
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which contributes most in supporting life on the deep ocean floor?
While there are many factors that contribute to supporting life on the deep ocean floor, one could argue that chemosynthesis is the most important.
Chemosynthesis is a process by which certain bacteria and archaea use chemical energy, rather than sunlight, to produce organic compounds from inorganic molecules. In the deep ocean, chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the base of many food webs, providing a critical source of energy for larger organisms. These bacteria and archaea can use a variety of energy sources, including hydrogen sulfide, methane, and ammonia, which are all abundant in the deep ocean.
One of the most well-known examples of a deep-sea ecosystem that relies on chemosynthesis is hydrothermal vents. These vents are located on the ocean floor, where tectonic activity allows hot water and minerals to spew out of the Earth's crust. The water is rich in sulfides and other inorganic compounds, which support dense communities of bacteria, tube worms, and other organisms that rely on chemosynthesis.
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the most common types of plants in the taiga biome are
The most common types of plants in the taiga biome are coniferous evergreen trees.
These trees, such as spruce, fir, and pine, are well-adapted to the cold and dry conditions of the taiga, and are able to retain their needles year-round. The taiga is also home to deciduous trees, such as birch and aspen, which are able to tolerate the short growing season and cold temperatures of the region. Other common plant species in the taiga include mosses, lichens, and ferns, which are able to grow in the moist and shady understory of the forest. The taiga is a vast and important biome, and the plant species that inhabit it play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and in regulating the Earth's climate.
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in the capillary bed, which pressure favors fluid reabsoprtion?a) blood colloid osmotic pressure b) blood hydrostatic pressure c) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressured) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
In the capillary bed, the 'interstitial fluid osmotic pressure' favors fluid reabsorption.
What exactly do you mean by reabsorption?
Reabsorption is the process by which certain molecules, ions, and other substances are selectively taken back up into the cell or tissue from which they originated. This process is important in the maintenance of homeostasis and is often seen in the kidneys, where waste products are reabsorbed in order to prevent them from being eliminated from the body.
Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure is the pressure created by the concentration of solutes in the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. This pressure is created by the diffusion of solutes from the capillary lumen, and it helps to drive the reabsorption of fluid from the capillary bed back into the circulation. The higher the concentration of solutes in the interstitial fluid, the greater the osmotic pressure, and the more efficiently fluid is reabsorbed.
Hence, option D is correct.
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