The activity of enzymes can be modified by all of the given ways: (a) allosteric activation; (b) allosteric inhibition; (c) covalent activation (d) covalent inhibition.
Enzymes are the proteinaceous molecules that enhance the rate of chemical reactions by many folds. The enzymes are able to do so by lowering down the activation energy of the reactions. Thus, they are the biological catalysts.
Allosteric activation of enzymes is the phenomenon where a substance binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site and therefore enhances its efficiency to bind better to the substrate. The site other than the active site on the enzyme is known as allosteric site.
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red-green color blindness is a recessive trait on the x chromosome. two people with normal color vision have two sons, one color-blind and one with normal color vision. what proportion of their daughters will have normal vision?
25% of their daughters are expected to have normal color vision, while the other 75% are expected to be carriers of the color blindness gene.
Red-green color blindness is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a gene located on the X chromosome. The gene responsible for normal color vision is dominant, while the gene responsible for color blindness is recessive.
If two people with normal color vision have two sons, one color-blind and one with normal color vision, it is likely that the parents are carriers of the color blindness gene. This means that they each have one normal X chromosome and one X chromosome carrying the color blindness gene.
When the parents have children, they each pass on one X chromosome to their offspring. The probability of passing on the normal X chromosome is 50%, while the probability of passing on the X chromosome carrying the color blindness gene is also 50%.
For their daughters, the probability of having normal color vision is:
(normal X from mother) * (normal X from father) = 0.5 * 0.5 = 0.25.
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Buffalo grass is a species of plant found on the grazing prairie of Wyoming. It is a tough grass that has silicates (compounds containing oxygen and silicon) that reinforce its leaves. This variation has allowed this type of grass to survive for many years in a harsh environment.
a. This is an example of which mechanism?
b. Explain why
Buffalo grass is tough due to the presence of silicates which reinforces the leaves of this plant and allows it to survive in harsh environment and this a classic example of adaptation.
Buffalo grass is basically a grass which is perennial to western North American. Buffalo grass is found in the short-grass as well as the mixed-grass prairies and is a very important year-round forage grass.
It is a very tough grass and this property of buffalo grass can be attributes to the presence of silicates, which are basically compounds that contain oxygen as well as silicon, in its leaves. This particular adaptation has allowed this grass to be drought resistant and survive for a lot of years in a very harsh environment.
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Match the parts of the kelp plant to the given structure.
Note that the labeled structures of the Kelp Plant is attached accordingly.
What is Kelp?Kelp is a big brown algae that lives in chilly, shallow waters near the beach. They form thick clusters, much like a forest on earth. Thousands of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammal species rely on these underwater kelp towers for food and refuge.
Marine kelp is a popular sea plant due to its numerous health advantages and high nutritional content, however it is not the same as seaweed. Seaweed is a name that can refer to a variety of marine-based plant and algae species. However, marine kelp is more particular. It refers to the most extensive subgroup of seaweed.
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What are typically or always heterotrophs?
All animals and fungi, as well as many protists and bacteria, are heterotrophs.
Heterotrophs are classified as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or decomposers based on what they eat. Heterotrophs include bacteria, fungi, yeast, cows, dogs, and humans. They are all dependent on plants and other animals for food.
All heterotrophs share a basic nutritional process. They use respiration to extract energy from nutrients after breaking down the glucose produced by autotrophs. Autotrophs are organisms that prepare their own food through photosynthesis, whereas heterotrophs cannot prepare their own food and must rely on autotrophs for nutrition."
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Is thinking about the food that you eat in terms of breathing more helpful to you than thinking about it as Calories (energy). Why or why not?
Answer:
Foods high in energy but low in nutritional value provide empty calories. ... When thinking about calories, you should not be considering just your diet
Explanation:
in a linnaean taxonomic scheme, closely related genera are placed in a larger grouping called the .
A larger grouping called the family is used to classify closely related genera in a Linnaean taxonomic system.
What do we mean by linnaean taxonomic scheme?A broad term for organism classification based on ranking. In other words, taxonomy in the scientific sense of rank-based classification. This phrase is used to contrast the cladistic systematics classification of organisms into clades. The Linnaean system is built on similarities in outward physical characteristics. This system is comprised of a taxonomic hierarchy ranging from the kingdom to the species level. Each species has a distinct two-word Latin name. The kingdom is a smaller taxon than the domain, which was recently added and is a larger taxon. Linnaeus' taxonomic classification scheme is made up of a hierarchy of taxonomic groups, or taxa. Taxonomic kingdoms and species are distinguished. The kingdom is the largest and most diverse confederation.
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Why are transmembrane proteins able to span the hydrophobic portion of the bilayer?
Transmembrane proteins are able to span the hydrophobic portion of the bilayer because they contain hydrophobic amino acids that are compatible with the hydrophobic environment of the lipid bilayer.
The lipid bilayer is composed of two layers of phospholipids, with the hydrophobic fatty acid chains facing inward and the hydrophilic polar heads facing outward.
Because water is excluded from the hydrophobic interior of the bilayer, any protein that spans the bilayer must contain hydrophobic regions that can interact with the fatty acid chains of the lipids.
Transmembrane proteins contain a hydrophobic transmembrane region, typically composed of alpha-helices or beta-sheets, which is capable of spanning the lipid bilayer. This hydrophobic region is usually composed of nonpolar amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
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throughout the fossil record, we find animals that are not related to each other that adopt the same features or body plans because they work well for the habitats in which these animals live. this is a feature of evolutionary:
This is a feature of evolutionary convergence, which is when unrelated species evolve similar traits to adapt to their environment.
What is adapt?Adapt is an open source software platform that enables developers to quickly build, deploy, and manage applications based on microservices architecture. It provides an integrated development environment that allows developers to create new applications using pre-built components, and to manage and monitor existing applications.
These adaptations are a result of natural selection, where organisms with beneficial traits have a better chance of survival and passing on their genes. For example, both dolphins and sharks have adapted to aquatic life, even though they are not closely related. They have both evolved streamlined bodies and fins to help them swim efficiently.
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when did birds and crocodiles last share a common ancestor?
Answer:
Around 240 million years ago
Explanation:
Crocodiles are the closest living relatives of the birds, sharing a common ancestor that lived around 240 million years ago and also gave rise to the dinosaurs.
what it's the best answer for the gene question 7 options: a) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid b) noncoding segments of dna up to 100,000 nucleotides long c) a segment of dna that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain d) an rna messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide
A triplet of nucleotides known as a codon codes for an amino acid. Every three-nucleotide set encodes one amino acid. So, choice 1 is the correct one.
Three nucleotides make up a codon, a unit of genetic information in DNA or RNA that codes for a particular amino acid or marks the completion of protein synthesis (stop signals).
The code is degenerate because there are only 20 amino acids and 64 different ways to combine four nucleotides when they are taken three at a time, respectively (more than one codon per amino acid, in most cases). tRNA is a translation adaptor molecule. A charged tRNA has an anticodon for matching amino acid at one end.
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What is one characteristic of Venus?
OA. It has the densest atmosphere of the terrestrial planets.
B. It has very short days, because it rotates on its axis very quickly.
C. It has the largest temperature variation of the terrestrial planets.
D. It has no tectonic activity because of its solid core.
Answer: One of the strange characteristics of Venus is that it’s actually rotating backwards from the rest of the planets. Seen from above, all of the planets rotate counter-clockwise, but Venus turns clockwise on its axis. Even stranger, a day on Venus lasts 243 days, which is longer its year. Venus has a thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide and it's perpetually shrouded in thick, yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid that trap heat, causing a runaway greenhouse effect. It's the hottest planet in our solar system, even though Mercury is closer to the Sun.
Explanation:
true or false: a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of a solute compared to what is found inside of the cell.
The given statement," A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of a solute compared to what is found inside of the cell," is true because hypotonic means having low osmotic potential.
Hypotonic solutions are low in solute concentrations and hence the flow of water occurs out from these solutions into the cell of another solution. Since the solute is less, this is why these solutions are low in osmotic potential.
Osmotic potential is the potential of water or any solvent to move from its region of high concentration to the region of low concentration. Therefore, less is the amount of solute in a solvent, more is its potential to move.
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The Watch Window can be used to monitor the value in one or more cells. true or false
It is true to say that the value in one or more cells can be kept track of using The Watch Window. The Watch Window makes it simple to check, verify, or audit formula results in extensive workbooks.
You can avoid frequently scrolling or moving to various worksheet locations by using the Watch Window. Like any other toolbar, this one may be dragged and docked. The Watch Window provides a single pane from which you may monitor cells on various sheets and books.
It allows you to inspect, audit, or confirm formula calculations and results in big worksheets as well as check the values and formulas in cells that are hidden from view in the active worksheet.
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What are two purposes for classifying organisms
an example of an applied science is group of answer choices biology chemistry biochemistry entomology
An example of an applied science is Entomology.
Entomology, the study of insects, is regarded as an applied science since it includes using scientific principles in the real world to address issues. Entomologists use their understanding of insects and their behavior to create strategies for managing pests, crop damage, and disease containment.
Entomologists, for instance, aim to create integrated pest management strategies in agriculture that minimize the use of pesticides and other dangerous chemicals while still safeguarding crops from harm. In order to create plans for stopping the transmission of these diseases to people, entomologists may investigate the biology and behavior of insects that transmit diseases, such ticks and mosquitoes.
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The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in:__________
The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in the formation of a fertilization envelope.
The cortical response causes the egg glycocalyx or vitelline membrane to separate and rise from the egg surface. To generate the fertilization coat, the contents of the cortical granules interact with and modify the vitelline membrane via a hardening process.
Cortical granules are secretory vesicles positioned in the cortex of an egg that discharge their contents when stimulated by sperm contact during fertilization. These components alter the extracellular milieu, preventing more sperm from reaching the egg.
The cortical response is a calcium-dependent exocytotic mechanism that causes secretory granule content to be released into the perivitelline area shortly after fertilization, preventing polyspermy fertilization.
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two tectonic plates pushing toward each other cause intense heat and pressure in earth’s crust. into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure?
a. Fossil
b. Sediments
c. Metamorphic rock
d. Igneous rock
Answer:Metamorphic rock
Explanation:
Two tectonic plates pushing toward each other causes intense heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Into which will crust material be changed by heat and pressure? Metamorphic Rock.
the vessel central to the four chambers of the heart on axial ct images is the a. ivc. b. pulmonary trunk. c. ascending aorta. d. svc.
The vessel central to the four chambers of the heart on axial ct images is the c)ascending aorta.So,correct option is c.
The ascending aorta (AAo)[1] is a piece of the aorta starting at the upper piece of the foundation of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower boundary of the third costal ligament behind the left 50% of the sternum.
It passes diagonally vertically, forward, and to one side, toward the heart's pivot, as high as the upper boundary of the second right costal ligament, depicting a slight bend in its course, and being arranged, around 6 centimeters (2.4 in) behind the back surface of the sternum. The absolute length is around 5 centimeters (2.0 in).
The aortic root is the piece of the aorta starting at the aortic annulus and reaching out to the sinotubular intersection. It is once in a while viewed as a piece of the climbing aorta,[2] and at times viewed as a different substance from the remainder of the rising aorta.[3]
Between every commissure of the aortic valve and inverse the cusps of the aortic valve, three little dilatations called the aortic sinuses.The sinotubular intersection is the point in the climbing aorta where the aortic sinuses end and the aorta turns into a cylindrical design.
Hence,correct option is c.
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The percent of the total available power currently being used by west fremont is nearest to: __________
At present, West Fremont utilizes around 15% of the all-out power accessible.
This bewildering pace of energy use utilizes promptly accessible assets. It is guessed that 10,000 BTUs of energy will create 12,000,000 kilowatt-hours (12,000,000 kWh) of force each day.
Coal, combustible gas, sun-situated energy, and wind are anticipated to be the fundamental energy sources in West FremontIn light of the outrageous energy investment funds, West Fremont's energy utilization is bizarrely high.
Every one of these sources enjoys benefits and weaknesses, and West Fremont will in all likelihood join each of the four to fulfill its energy needs.
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mendel proposed a model to explain the results of a cross between pure-breeding lines. what are pure-breeding lines?
Pure-breeding lines refer to organisms or strains that consistently produce offspring with the same traits as the parent generation when interbred. They are true-breeding and will breed true for several generations.
Pure-breeding lines are strains or varieties of a species that have a uniform and consistent phenotype (appearance or expression of traits) that is passed down from generation to generation. This consistency is due to the fact that pure-breeding lines possess homozygous genes (having two identical copies of a particular gene) for the trait in question, which is expressed in the offspring.
In contrast, hybrid offspring, which result from the crossbreeding of two different pure-breeding lines, typically possess a combination of the traits from both parents and are heterozygous (having two different copies of a particular gene).
Key points:
Pure-breeding lines have a consistent phenotype.Pure-breeding lines have homozygous genes for the trait.Hybrid offspring possess a combination of traits from both parents.The concept of pure-breeding lines was introduced by Gregor Mendel.Learn more about pure-breeding lines here:
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when determining the number of virus particles in a suspension, why is the number obtained always less than the actual viral titer?
Because not all viral particles are 100% fective at spreading infection. In order to count intact virus particles in a sample, a virus counter uses fluorescence to find colocalized proteins and nucleic acids.
Samples are evaluated as they pass under a laser beam after being dyed with two dyes, one particular for proteins and one specific for nucleic acids. To gauge a virus' potency against host cells, an infectious viral titer assay is performed. Plaque assays, which include counting distinct plaques (infectious units and cellular dead zones) in cell culture, continue to be among the most precise techniques for the direct measurement of infectious virions and antiviral compounds.
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the molecules that are acted on by an enzyme are called
. assume that a certain bacterial chromosome has one origin of replication. under some conditions of rapid cell division, replication could start from the origin before the preceding replication cycle is complete. how many replication forks would be present under those conditions?
Under such conditions, there would be six replication forks. The initial replication start would have two forks, and the duplicated origins (there are two) would now have two forks each, for a total of six.
The replication fork is a region where a cell's DNA double helix has been unwound and separated, allowing DNA polymerase and other related enzymes to use each strand as a template to synthesize a new double helix. produce.
A replication bubble has two replication forks. They serve as templates for replication, one leading strand and one lagging strand.
DNA consists of two long complementary strands with a backbone on the outside and nucleotides in the middle. The two strands of DNA split during replication. A replication fork is the resultant structure. The function of a replication fork is to synthesize DNA by unwinding double-stranded DNA by a DNA helicase in front of the polymerase, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. The replication process copies one DNA double helix into her two DNA helices, which split into daughter cells at mitosis.
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molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules are called a. hydrophobic b. hydrophilic c. amphipathic d. all of the choices are correct e. none of the choices are correct
Answer:
The Answer is C amphipathic.
Explanation:
The correct answer here is C. A molecule that has both polar and nonpolar regions is called amphipathic. The polar end of the molecule is water-loving, or hydrophilic, and the nonpolar end of the molecule will be water-repelling, or hydrophobic. This means the molecules are able to connect both to other water molecules, and to molecules of other substances.
Explain the difference between the normal and mutated forms of hemoglobin.
Normal structure of hemoglobin is round and disk shaped. When mutated it becomes sickle shaped, rigid and sticky. Results in sickle cell anemia.
Hemoglobin is the cells in blood that carries oxygen to the cells. Its structure helps in easier transport through blood. It is round, plump and disc shaped and flexible. But mutated forms like sickled cells are sickle shaped, rigid and sticky. It is very difficult to get transported through blood.
Also due to the shape there is considerable difference in functioning of the cell. A sickled cell could carry less oxygen compared to normal hemoglobin and also loses oxygen molecules rapidly. Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disorder.
So the main difference between normal hemoglobin and mutated forms is the structure.
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the structures which are similar in their morphology, anatomy, and embryology but dissimilar in their functions are homologous organs. which of the following pair of organs is not homologous? a. forelimbs in humans and lizards b. forelimbs in lizards and frogs c. wings in butterfly and bat d. none of the above
Homologous organs are structures that are similar in their form and structure, but have different functions in different organisms.
This similarity is due to the fact that these structures have a common ancestry and have evolved from a similar structure in a common ancestor. A classic example of homologous organs are the forelimbs of humans, lizards, and frogs, which share similar bone structures but have different functions.
In the case of the pair of organs mentioned in the question, "forelimbs in humans and lizards" and "forelimbs in lizards and frogs" are homologous, while "wings in butterfly and bat" are not homologous. Wings in a butterfly and a bat serve the same function, i.e., flight, but their structures are not similar and do not share a common ancestry. Instead, wings in butterfly and bat are examples of analogous organs, which have similar functions but have evolved independently.
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the primary arm muscle used when doing a push-up (when you push back up from a lower position) would be the _______?
The primary arm muscle utilized when doing a push up (when you push back-up from a lower position) would be the triceps branchi.
What is muscle?Soft tissues like muscles are found in both humans and animals. Actin and myosin protein filaments, which slide past one another to form muscle cells, are present in muscles. The contraction caused by this movement alters the length and shape of the cell.
What do triceps do?The term "triceps muscle" refers to any muscle with three heads, or sites of origin. This phrase describes the major extensor muscle that runs down the back of the upper arm in humans. It begins in two different places on the humerus, the bone of the upper arm, which is situated just behind the socket of the scapula (shoulder blade).
Therefore, The primary arm muscle utilized when doing a push up (when you push back-up from a lower position) would be the triceps branchi.
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Identify a difference between the covalent bonds within a water molecule and the hydrogen bonds that form between different water molecules
A difference between the covalent bonds within a water molecule and the hydrogen bonds that form between different water molecules is hydrogen bonds are weaker bonds than covalent bonds.
A covalent bond is a bond formed by the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. This bond in water occurs when the bond between the O atom and two H atoms in the molecule. This gathering of atoms has a high stability. This is why covalent bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds are bonds that form between molecules that are highly polar and contain hydrogen atoms. This bond occurs when a molecule having N, O, or F atoms has a lone pair of electron pairs which then other molecules will bond with that lone pair of electrons. When a water molecule forms a hydrogen bond with the negative end of one molecule attracting the positive end of another molecule. So the difference between the hydrogen bonds that form in water molecules has a weaker bond than covalent bonds.
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what are two cell types that secrete histamine, heparin, leukotrienes and kinins, thus inducing the inflammatory response?
Mast Cells and basophils are the two types of cells which are responsible for the secretion of heparin, histamine, leukotrienes and kinins and therefore inducing the inflammatory response.
Mast cells are a type of immune cell which happen to release histamine as well as other hormones in response to a certain stimuli. Mast cells can be found in a number of places throughout the body but they especially abundant in the skin, lung airways, as well as the digestive tract.
Basophils are basically a type of white blood cell which work with our immune system to help defend our body against allergens, pathogens as well as parasites. Mast cells and basophils release heparin, histamine, leukotrienes and kinins upon degranulation and help induce immune response in our body.
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ased on your knowledge of other biological macromolecules, what are reasonable assumptions about your macromolecule?
Based on your knowledge of other biological macromolecules, the reasonable assumptions about your macromolecule are:
It contains carbon-carbon bondsIts cellular synthesis is directed by enzymesHence, the correct answer is C and D.
A macromolecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, is a very big molecule crucial to biophysical processes. It is made up of many atoms that are covalently bound. The smaller molecules known as monomers are the building blocks of many macromolecules. Large non-polymeric molecules like lipids, nanogels, and macrocycles, as well as biopolymers (proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids), are the most prevalent macromolecules in biochemistry. In addition to synthetic fibers, macromolecules can also be found in research materials like carbon nanotubes. Hermann Staudinger, a Nobel laureate, first mentioned high molecular compounds in his first pertinent paper on this subject in the 1920s, but he later added "molecule" to the end of the term to create macromolecule (in excess of 1,000 atoms).
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Based on your knowledge of other biological macromolecules, what are reasonable assumptions about your macromolecule?
Choose one or more:
A. It is synthesized via hydrolysis of monomers.
B. Monomers in the molecule are connected to each other via hydrogen bonds.
C. It contains carbon-carbon bonds.
D. Its cellular synthesis is directed by enzymes.