The process in which two gametes unite to form a single cell is called fertilization.
During fertilization, a sperm cell from the male and an egg cell from the female combine to form a zygote, which is the first cell of a new individual.
Fertilization typically occurs in the female reproductive system, where the sperm must first travel through the cervix and uterus to reach the fallopian tube, where it may encounter an egg that has been released during ovulation.
If the sperm successfully penetrates the egg, the two gametes combine their genetic material to form a zygote. The zygote then begins to undergo cell division and differentiation to form an embryo, which will eventually develop into a fetus and then a newborn baby. Fertilization is a critical step in sexual reproduction, as it ensures genetic diversity and variation in offspring.
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Who is the scientist behind the modern taxonomy?
The Swedish botanical taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus was born on this day 290 years ago. He was the first to develop and abide by a standardized system for classifying and naming the world's plants and animals.
A subfield of systematics called biosystematics, or modern taxonomy, determines taxonomic affinity based on morphological, genetic, and evolutionary traits. The idea of typology has been dropped. Every category is the outcome of an evolutionary process.
Database technologies are used in modern taxonomy to search and catalog categories and their supporting documents. There are extensive databases like the Catalogue of Life, which aims to list every known species, even if there isn't a widely utilized database.
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How is meiosis related to mutations *?
Meiosis is a process of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. It results in the production of four haploid daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
During meiosis, chromosomes undergo a process called crossing over, in which segments of DNA are exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This creates genetic diversity in the resulting gametes, which is important for the evolution of species.
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur during meiosis or at any other time in an organism's life. Mutations can be caused by a variety of factors, including exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses. Some mutations can be beneficial, leading to the evolution of new traits, while others can be harmful or even lethal.
During meiosis, mutations can occur as a result of errors in DNA replication or crossing over. For example, if a segment of DNA is not copied correctly during replication, it can result in a mutation in the resulting gamete. Similarly, if crossing over occurs at the wrong place or in the wrong way, it can result in a mutation.
Overall, meiosis is an important process that is closely related to mutations. While meiosis creates genetic diversity through crossing over, mutations can also contribute to genetic diversity and evolution.
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How does the comparison of the stages of embryological development of different species help biologists to classify life? a.It helps in understanding the similarities between living species and extinct species.
b.It reveals anatomical similarities that are not always evident in fully formed organisms.
c.It reveals differences in the environmental conditions necessary for species survival.
d.It helps in understanding the different behavioral strategies in different individual organisms.
By exposing evolutionary connections between species, the study of different species' stages of embryological development aids biologists in classifying life. It's best to choose C.
Similarities in embryonic developmental stages may point to a common ancestor, and the degree of similarity may indicate how closely related two species have evolved. The theory of evolution, specifically macroevolution, holds that all living organisms on Earth are descended from a single common ancestor who evolved over time into the incredibly diverse range of creatures we see today.
Vertebrates, which include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, share a common ancestor and belong to the same phylum because of the similarities in their embryonic development.
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Of all the species that enzymes bind, they are thought to bind most tightly to _____.
a) substrates
b) products
c) transition states
d) intermediates
e) all are bound very tightly
Of all the species that enzymes bind, they are thought to bind most tightly to transition states.
How can it be explained in detail?Proteins known as enzymes accelerate biological processes by attaching to particular molecules known as substrates and changing them into products. When an enzyme binds to a substrate, an enzyme-substrate complex is created. This complex then proceeds through a series of chemical processes to produce a product
Enzymes do not, however, attach to products or substrates very firmly. Instead, it is believed that enzymes attach most strongly to the reaction's transition state, which is a highly energetic intermediary state created during the conversion of substrate to product. This is due to the fact that enzymes are made to stabilize the transition state by decreasing its activation energy, which facilitates a more straightforward reaction.
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industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, groundwater pumpage, and disposal of waste all can affect groundwater quality. (T/F)
True. Groundwater quality can be impacted by industrial effluents, urban activities, agricultural, groundwater pumping, and sewage treatment.
By groundwater, what would you mean?Blood is a particular kind of biological fluid. Its four main components are platelets, white blood cells, red plasma cells, and plasma. One of the various functions of blood is to provide calories and oxygen toward the respiratory and other organs. Using blood clotting to stop significant blood loss
What varieties of blood are there?kinds of blood cells. The 3 types of blood cells comprise platelets, white blood cells, as well as red blood proteins. Red bloodstream cells, or gametocytes, deliver oxygen to each of the body's tissues. A protein found in red blood cells transports oxygen to both the mitochondrial (called hemoglobin).
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What are the characteristics and properties of light? How do they allow objects to produce the colors that you see?
Describe Claire's symptoms. Explain how they were related to metabolism and
homeostasis.
Poor vision is one of Claire's symptoms, which led to her becoming anxious and causing tears to flow from her eyes. Homeostasis and metabolism are interconnected.
Describe Claire's symptoms related to metabolism and homeostasis.In relation to Claire's symptoms, stress, project, and work might disrupt the equilibrium or homeostasis in her body, and touch her metabolismClaire's digestion reaction rates tell us that the problem was in her small intestine, and not in her stomach since metabolism is the In connection to Claire's symptoms, stress, activity, and work might disrupt the equilibrium or homeostasis in her body, infect her metabolism.
Metabolism refers to all the chemical procedures going on continuously inside your body that allow life and normal functioning (preserving normal functioning in the body is called homeostasis
So we can conclude that Claire's symptoms -> 1)Increased appetite, 2)Low energy
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favors intermediate phenotypes, selecting against phenotypes at both ends of a range and reducing variation.
which breed became prolific when flocks were abandoned due to drought or lack of profit and slowly built up from escapees of shepherd flocks?Boer GoatAustralian GoatAngora
The Australian Goat breed became prolific when flocks were abandoned due to drought or lack of profit and slowly built up from escapees of shepherd flocks.
The Australian Goat is a breed that gradually developed out of shepherd flock escapees and grew widespread when flocks were abandoned due to drought or a lack of profit. Due to a number of causes, including harsh environmental conditions and human negligence, this breed, which was originally developed from goats transported to Australia by early settlers in the 18th century, eventually turned feral. These stray goats evolved into a resilient breed that is now employed for both milk and meat production as a result of their environment-adaptation through time.
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Which cell organelle plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in a cell?A.Golgi apparatusB.LysosomesC.Smooth endoplasmic reticulumD.Vacuoles
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Organelle is essential for the detoxification of numerous medicines and toxins in a cell.
What does a smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?The smooth endoplasmic reticulum participates in a variety of metabolic processes. Steroids, phospholipids like those found in plasma membranes, and lipids are all synthesized by it. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is overproduced in cells that emit these substances, including cells found in the testes, ovaries, and skin oil glands.
What are the SER and RER's purposes?The SER is typically used for the production and storage of lipids and steroids, whereas the RER is crucial for the synthesis of a variety of proteins. The RER is referred described as "rough" because ribosomes are attached to its surface as opposed to the SER, which lacks ribosomes.
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what are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine?
Caffeine can have both beneficial and harmful effects on the body. The effects may vary from person to person depending on individual sensitivity, consumption habits, and health status.
Caffeine is a stimulant that is commonly found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, and some medications. While caffeine can have some beneficial effects, such as increased alertness and improved performance, it can also have some harmful effects on the body.
The beneficial effects of caffeine are-
1) Increased alertness: Caffeine is a stimulant that can help improve alertness and concentration. It works by blocking the action of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that can make you feel sleepy.
2) Improved physical performance: Caffeine has been shown to improve physical performance by increasing endurance and reducing fatigue.
3) Weight loss: Caffeine can help boost metabolism and promote weight loss, as it can increase energy expenditure and reduce appetite.
4) Reduced risk of some diseases: Some studies have suggested that regular caffeine intake may reduce the risk of certain diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and liver disease.
Caffeine can also have some harmful effects, including:
1) Insomnia and sleep disturbances: Caffeine can interfere with sleep and lead to insomnia and other sleep disturbances.
2) Increased heart rate and blood pressure: Caffeine can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can be dangerous for people with underlying cardiovascular conditions.
3) Anxiety and jitters: Caffeine can cause anxiety, jitters, and nervousness in some people.
4) Dehydration: Caffeine is a diuretic, which means it can increase urine output and lead to dehydration if not consumed in moderation.
5) Addiction and withdrawal: Caffeine is a mildly addictive substance, and regular consumption can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms if consumption is suddenly stopped.
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In a patch of animal cell membrane about 10 μm in area, which will be true?
Choose one:
A) There will be more proteins than lipids.
B) There will be about an equal number of proteins and lipids.
C) There will be more carbohydrates than lipids.
D) There will be more lipids than proteins.
E) Because the lipid bilayer acts as a two-dimensional fluid, there is no way to predict the relative numbers of proteins and lipids in any patch of cell membrane.
D) There will be more lipids than proteins. will be true In a patch of animal cell membrane about 10 μm in area.
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasmic membrane, or plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside world (the extracellular space). The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, which maintains adequate membrane fluidity at different temperatures.
Membranes also contain membrane proteins, which include integral proteins that span the membrane and act as membrane transporters, as well as peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the cell membrane's outer (peripheral) side and act as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment.
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What is buttock anatomy surface ?
The buttock anatomy surface refers to the external part of the buttocks, which is made up of skin, muscles, and fat. The buttocks are located at the back of the pelvis, and are made up of three main muscles: the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.
The gluteus maximus is the largest and most superficial of the three muscles, and is responsible for the shape of the buttocks. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are smaller muscles that lie deeper in the buttocks, and help to stabilize the pelvis and support the hip joint.
The buttocks are also covered in a layer of subcutaneous fat, which provides padding and helps to give the buttocks their rounded shape. Overall, the buttock anatomy surface is an important part of the body's anatomy, as it plays a crucial role in supporting the pelvis and hip joint, and helps to give the body its overall shape and appearance.
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Examine this figure. If you measure the width of one of the magnetic stripes and you know the ages of the magnetic reversals, then you can calculate the
If you measure the width of one of the magnetic stripes and you know the ages of the magnetic reversals, then you can calculate the rate of seafloor spreading.
Seafloor spreading is the process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges and moves away from the ridge as a result of plate tectonics. The magnetic stripes are created as a result of the Earth's magnetic field reversing periodically. When the magnetic field reverses, the orientation of the magnetic minerals in the newly formed crust also changes, creating the stripes.
To calculate the rate of seafloor spreading, you can use the following formula:
Rate of seafloor spreading = Width of magnetic stripe / Time between magnetic reversals
By measuring the width of one of the magnetic stripes and knowing the ages of the magnetic reversals, you can calculate the rate of seafloor spreading in units of distance per unit of time (e.g. centimeters per year). This information can be used to better understand the processes of plate tectonics and the formation of the Earth's crust.
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What are the most important factors in a population pyramid?
The most significant factor affecting the shape of a population pyramid is the fertility rate of a population. The base of the pyramid will be wider the more kids there are per parent. Moreover, the population's average age will be lower.
A population pyramid is a graph that displays the age-sex distribution of a certain population. It depicts the inhabitants of the population graphically. The left and right sides display sex, the y-axis displays age, and the x-axis displays the population's proportion.
Population pyramids, however, can be divided into three groups: stagnant, expanding, or constrictive. The fertility and death statistics of a country have been used to identify these categories.
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What is the name of the process that forms glucose from noncarbohydrate sources?
a) Gluconeogenesis
b) Glycogenesis
c) Glycogenolysis
d) Lipogenesis
Glucοneogenesis is the pathway by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate metabοlites.
What does it mean when glucose is high?Hyperglycaemia high blοod glucose means there is too much sugar in the blood because the bοdy lacks enough insulin. Associated with diabetes, hyperglycaemia can cause vοmiting, excessive hunger and thirst, rapid heartbeat, vision prοblems and other symptoms. Untreated hyperglycaemia can lead to seriοus health problems.
What is glucose good fοr?Glucose is used to treat very lοw bloοd sugar (hypoglycaemia), most often in peοple with diabetes mellitus. glucose works by quickly increasing the amοunt of glucose in your blood. Glucose is also used to provide carbohydrate calοries to a person who cannot eat because of illness, trauma, or other medical cοndition.
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1. Which defensive strategy makes the insect hard to see?
a.Venom Glands
b.Aposematic Coloration
c.Crypsis
d.Batesian Mimicry
The defensive strategy makes the insect hard to see is Crypsis. The correct option is Option C.
By mimicking other objects in their surroundings, certain insects can be "hidden in plain sight." This technique is called mimesis. Mimicry: Insects primarily mimic in three different ways. When an insect that is not deadly mimics one that is, it is known as batesian mimicry.
The term "aposematism" refers to the employment of vibrant coloration to promote the danger or unpleasantness of an organism. The caterpillars of Cinnabar moths are a nice example. Orange and black bands alternately run down the caterpillars' bodies.
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what do all organisms have in common?
A.they all use DNA to pass on information
B.they are all prokaryotes
C.they are all eukaryotes
D.they are all genetically identical
DNA is used by organisms to transmit information. the molecule found inside cells that carry the genetic material necessary for an organism to develop and function.
A polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix is called deoxyribonucleic acid.
All known organisms and many viruses have genetic information in the polymer that is necessary for their development, operation, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid. It contains information needed to create proteins, which are other big molecules.
These instructions are dispersed throughout 46 lengthy structures called chromosomes that are found inside each of your cells. Many smaller pieces of DNA, known as genes, make up these chromosomes.
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Rocks from which source would most likely contain the highest percentage of silicateminerals?1. Ocean Basin2. Volcanic Island3. Mid ocean Range4. A mountain in the middle of a continent
The correct option is 4 ; A mountain in the middle of a continent . Because the ocean is a wonderful site to collect these minerals, rocks discovered in ocean basins are more likely to include significant percentages of silicate minerals.
Silicates make up approximately 95 percent of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, and are found in significant numbers in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks as well as igneous rocks. They are also key components of lunar samples, meteorites, and the majority of asteroids. Plagioclase feldspar is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust, accounting for 39% of both continental and oceanic crust.
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The external reproductive structure of an insect male is called?Group of answer choicesOviposotorAedeagusAntennaeCerci
The external reproductive structure of an insect male is called the aedeagus. (Option 3)
The aedeagus is a specialized reproductive organ located at the end of the abdomen and is used for transferring sperm from the male to the female during mating. The structure and shape of the aedeagus varies among different insect species, but it typically consists of a tubular or sclerotized structure that is used to hold and transfer sperm to the female.
In some species, the aedeagus may be modified to perform additional functions, such as helping to position the male during mating or assisting in the transfer of sperm. The aedeagus is an important feature for insect taxonomy and can be used to differentiate between closely related species. Overall, the aedeagus plays a crucial role in the reproductive biology of insects, ensuring the successful transfer of sperm and the continuation of the species.
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Complete Question:
The external reproductive structure of an insect male is called? Group of answer choices
1. Ovipositor
2. Aedeagus
3. Antennae
4. Cerci.
where in the cell do the krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur?
This acetyl-CoA reacts in the first of the Krebs cycle's eight steps, all of which take place inside the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
The Krebs cycle and electron transport take place in what organelle? Both take place in mitochondria. While electron transport happens in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes that combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria. The broad inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the ETC, which is situated near to the mitochondrial matrix.
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What happens to the Simpson index number as species diversity increases?
The Simpson index is a measure of biodiversity that takes into account both the number of species present and the relative abundance of each species in a particular community or ecosystem. As species diversity increases, the Simpson index number will decrease.
The Simpson index is calculated as the sum of the squared relative abundance of each species, with values ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates no diversity and 1 indicates infinite diversity.
This is because the squared relative abundance of each species becomes smaller as the number of species increases, and the sum of these squared values (i.e., the Simpson index) therefore becomes smaller. In other words, as more species are added to a community, each individual species becomes less dominant, and the overall diversity of the community increases.
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What are the three functions of the tRNA molecule?
The tRNA molecule carries an amino acid, associates with mRNA molecules and binds to one of the three sites on the large subunit of ribosome
The tRNA molecule transports an amino acid, connects with mRNA molecules, and attaches to one of three locations on the ribosome's large subunit.
tRNA is an adaptor molecule made of RNA. This function as the link between mRNA and amino acid sequence. This is done by carrying an amino acid to the protein synthetic machinery which is the ribosome as directed by the codon in a mRNA. tRNA is a component of translation, which is the biological synthesis of proteins in accordance with the genetic code.
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Which of the following are components of biological membranes? Select all that apply. a. lipids b. nucleic acids c. proteins
Option a is Correct. Lipids make up the membranes in living things. In varying amounts, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates make up the major constituents of biological membranes.
Less than 10% of the mass of most membranes is made up of carbohydrates, which are typically attached to either the lipid or protein components. Lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups connected to some of the lipids and proteins make up the majority of the plasma membrane.
The primary element of cellular membranes is lipid. They have a very broad range of structural characteristics, and there are differences in the distribution of various lipid species (membrane lipid composition) depending on the organism, cell type, organelle, membrane, bilayer-leaflet, and membrane subdomain levels.
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11. Which of the following organelles provides members of Kingdom Protista with motility?
A chloroplast
D Golgi body
B flagellum
C vesicle
Answer:
a
Explanation:
What is the main cause of dysentery?
Dysentery is an inflammatory and infectious condition of the intestine. This primarily occurs because of infection by parasites and bacteria.
Dysentery is a type of gastrointestinal disease that occurs primarily when the intestine is affected. This causes diarrhea containing mucus or blood. Other symptoms associated with this disease are stomach cramps, stomach pain, and nausea. This disease occurs when the intestine is infected by Bacteria or parasites.
Bacteria like Shigella, E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter are mostly associated with this condition. This disease is transmitted from contaminated food, surface, feces, or an infected person to a healthy person. This is a highly infectious disease that primarily affects young children and people living in unhygienic environments.
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Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. How is mitosis useful in any organism?
Answer:
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. This process is crucial for the growth and repair of many organisms, including animals, plants, and some unicellular organisms.
In animals, mitosis allows for the growth of tissues and the repair of damaged tissues. For example, when a skin cell is damaged, mitosis allows the surrounding cells to divide and replace the damaged cell, keeping the skin intact. Similarly, in the process of growth, cells divide and increase in number to form new tissues and organs.
In plants, mitosis plays a crucial role in vegetative propagation, which is the process of producing new plants from parts of existing plants, such as cuttings or bulbs. The cells of the cutting or bulb divide and differentiate to form roots, stems, and leaves, resulting in the development of a new plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant.
Mitosis also plays a crucial role in the asexual reproduction of some unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast. In these organisms, mitosis allows for rapid and efficient replication of cells, leading to the rapid growth of the population.
In summary, mitosis is a crucial process in many organisms, as it allows for growth, repair, and reproduction through the production of genetically identical daughter cells.
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of what?
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the Golgi apparatus.
In general , the Proteins are rebuilt from the coordinated secretory pathway in the trans Golgi network, there they get packaged to form specialized secretory vesicles. These vesicles, often are larger than other transport vesicles, Hence, they store their contents other till the time any specific signals direct their fusion to the plasma membrane.
Also, many other cellular functions, that includes the taking and transforming the nutrients, the synthesis of new molecules, also the production of energy, occurs in the membranous organelles.
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which word equation represents the process of photosynthesis?
The simple word equation represents the process of photosynthesis is: Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen
In this equation, carbon dioxide and water are the reactants, and glucose and oxygen are the products. The process of photosynthesis uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and some types of algae, and it is critical for the production of food and oxygen in the biosphere.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water from the soil are converted into glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by the plant for energy and to build other organic molecules, such as starch and cellulose, while the oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.
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the oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved taxonomically is of __________.
the oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved taxonomically is of A red alga that lived 1.2 billion years ago.
What is an example of a taxonomy?Taxonomy involves studying living organisms such as animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans to classify them in different categories to study further and identify. For instance, humans and whales are two unrelated organisms from different perspectives; however, both are considered mammals and taxonomically related.
Who defined taxonomy?A taxon is a group of organisms which can be clubbed to form a single unit. term Alpha taxonomy is introduced by William Bertram in a series of papers published in 1935 and 1937. Beta taxonomy refers to the arranging species categorically according to the natural system of classification in hierarchical manner.
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