What is the ethical dilemma associated with randomized controlled studies for suspected causes of disease such as cigarette smoking?

a. The prevalence of disease within the study cannot be controlled.
b. The effect of the disease is too detrimental to the health of those involved within the study to allow them to be voluntarily exposed to a suspected cause of disease.
c. Incidence of disease is often determined to be too low to conduct a randomized controlled trial.
d. It is difficult to establish definitive contributory cause even with a high-quality randomized controlled trial.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

b. The effect of the disease is too detrimental to the health of those involved within the study to allow them to be voluntarily exposed to a suspected cause of disease.

Explanation:

Randomized controlled studies assess the relationship between cause and effect. There are usually two groups in this study. The first group is the experimental group which is exposed to the treatment or intervention to be assessed while the second group is the control group which is given no treatment or given a placebo.

As it relates to the question, the experimental group is exposed to cigarettes to determine the effect of this exposure. This can have an adverse health effect on the experimental group, hence, this is an ethical dilemma.


Related Questions

how myelinated and nonmyelinated neurons differentiated?

Answers

Answer:

The main difference between these two types of neurons is the speed of conduction of impulse. ... Majority of the neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system are myelinated since they require fast conduction speeds. A neuron with unmyelinated axon has a comparatively lower speed of conduction of the nerve signals.

Explanation:

Place the steps for providing first aid for bleeding in the correct order.
Raise the wounded area above
Place a sterile bandage.
Clean the wound
Apply pressure
the heart

Answers

The steps of first aid during bleeding is as follows:

Raise the wounded area above the heartapply pressureclean the wound apply pressure.

What is first aid?

First aid is the immediate help or assistance given to Ana accident victim before the arrival of a medical doctor ofbthe person is taken to the hospital.

The steps of first aid during bleeding is as follows:

Raise the wounded area above the heartapply pressureclean the wound apply pressure.

In conclusion, the proper steps taken for first aid will prevent bleeding.

Learn more about first aid at: https://brainly.com/question/26128236

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Answer:

clean the wound

Place a sterile bandage

Apply pressure

Raise the wounded area above the heart

Explanation:

this is the correct answer on Edge


What is the dewpoint temperature when the dry-bulb temperature is 12°C and the wet-bulb
temperature is 4°C?
1. -9°C
2. 19°C
3. 8°C
4. 4°C

Answers

Answer:

-9°C That is the answer

Explanation:

hope it helps!

Why do scientists study seismographs?

Answers

To analyse mineral content from earth's crust

Answer:

To determine the location of an epicenter

Explanation:

A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph ; a record of the shaking and vibration of the ground. By studying seismograms, scientists learn a lot about Earth's internal structure, like how fast the waves are moving and what type of material the waves are passing through.

A newly discovered pigmented microbe contains a capsule and flagella, but no chloroplasts or cilia. This microbe is approximately 2 microns in size, and divides by binary fission. The nucleic acid of this microbe is packaged within an envelope. Based on this information, is this microbe a eukaryote or a prokaryote? Explain the reasoning behind your answer.

Answers

Answer:

in which grade did u read

Which of the following is correctly defined?

A. Ecosystem - A group of conspecific organisms.

B. Population - An individual life form.

C. Community - A group of populations.

D. Population - A group of communities.
I need help!!1

Answers

Answer:

both b and c I think..........

Population - An individual life form. and Community - A group of populations.

What is population?

A population is the entire set of people in a group, whether that group is a country or a collection of people who share a certain trait.

A population is the group of people from which a statistical sample is taken in statistics. Therefore, a population is any collection of people who have something in common.

A statistically significant portion of a population, rather than the full population, may also be referred to as a sample. For this reason, the standard deviation, or standard error, of a statistical study of a sample from the full population must be disclosed.

Therefore, Population - An individual life form. and Community - A group of populations.

To learn more about population, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/27991860

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sexually produced offspring are indentical to their parent . true or false ?

Answers

This is true!!!!!!!!!!

explain how misuse of human resources can be harmful

Answers

Using too many Human Resources can cause burnout, as well as leave less resources for those who genuinely need them.

How does penicillin kill bacteria? Penicillin augments the body's natural ability to enzymatically degrade bacterial peptidoglycan, causing the cells to lyse Penicillin targets a cross-linking reaction in cell wall manufacture. By blocking the enzyme responsible, penicillin stops the bacteria from producing new peptidoglycan. Penicillin targets muramic acid in the cell wall. By damaging a key component of the cross-linking reaction, the cell can't build a strong peptidoglycan mesh and quickly breaks apart. Penicillin damages the lipid membrane of bacterial cells by enzymatically removing peptidoglycan from the membrane's outer surface. The weakened cells quickly lyse.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is option c. By blocking the enzyme responsible, penicillin stops the bacteria from producing new peptidoglycan.

Explanation:

Penicillins are derived from Penicillium molds. These are a group of antibiotics, used in treating various types of bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections etc.

These antibiotics also used in treating gonorrhoea, meningitis, pneumonia, syphilis, etc. These antibiotics stop the bacteria from producing new peptidoglycan that blocks the enzyme.

(URGENT) Which of these statements is correct about the ocean waves? (100 points)


A) Wave 1 and Wave 2 have the same wavelength.

B) Wave 2 and Wave 3 have the same wavelength.

C) Wave 1 and Wave 2 have the same amplitude.

D) Wave 2 and Wave 3 have the same amplitude

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Wave 2 and Wave 3 have the same amplitude.

Ahmad is using technic cross-pollination for his mango plants in his orchard. He said combines genetic materials from two parent plants of the same species will has many advantages. Justify the statement.​

Answers

Answer:

Due to some extra features.

Explanation:

Genetic materials from two parent plants of the same species has many advantages because the offspring produced from two parents having characteristics from both parents which make it different from their parents. Due to this non-identical nature of offspring which has many new features which enables the plant to resist many diseases, faster growth and high productivity so that's why sexual reproduction has many benefits to organism.

Question 8 of 24
Which item is a carbon sink?
A. Beach sand
B. Ocean water
C. Glaciers
D. Forest fires
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

oceans water

Explanation:

which structures are found in typical prokaryotic cells and also in typical plant cells
a) cell walls
b) histones
c) telomeres
d) tonoplasts​

Answers

Answer:

a. cell wall

pls Mark brainliest

Genes:
A. in plants exist only in some individuals
B. they determine the structural and functional characteristics of each individual
C. they determine only the functional characteristics of each individual
D. they determine only the characteristics structural of each individual
E. do not exist in prokaryotes

Answers

Answer:

B. They determine the structural and functional characteristics of each individual

Explanation:

Genes are present in all plants and in all prokaryotes, so answer choices A and E are incorrect. Genes are present in all living things.

Genes do determine the structural characteristics of each individual, but they also determine the functional characteristics.

Structure, which is controlled by genes, directly affects function. For example, a gene could code for a specific protein's structure, which will in turn give it a specific function.

So, the correct answer is B.

Describe the difference between the five types of managed care plans

Answers

Answer:

You choose a primary care doctor who coordinates most of your care. Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) usually pay more if you get care within the network. They still pay part of the cost if you go outside the network. Point of Service (POS) plans let you choose between an HMO or a PPO each time you need care.

How is it possible for mad made things to move?

Answers

How is it possible for mad made things to move?Answer: Because the human body is designed to use their muscles to create and transfer things from place to place, and that some man-made objects are light enough to be moved

Please help!! Need the Correct Answer ASAP!!

Which statement is true?

A.Peat is a fossil fuel because rewetting it takes only 3–5 years.

B.Peat is a fossil fuel because the total time for restoration is lengthy.

C.Peat is not a fossil fuel because it has biologic origins, making it a biofuel.

D.Peat is not a fossil fuel because humans can promote the replenishment of peat.

Answers

Answer:

c) peat is not a fossil fuel because it has biologic origins, making it biofuel

Explanation:

Peat is soil/ turf

The answer to your question is is C.

Help me out with this again, pretty please?

(2nd time)

I need explanation for your answers, even though it's multiple choices, I still need your explanation for it.

DUE TOMORROW!

If your answer is NONSENSE it will be deleted as soon as possible!

But if your answer is CORRECT, HELPFUL, HAS AN EXPLANATION, I'll chose your answer as the BRAINLIEST ANSWER!​

Answers

Answer:

A. atomic number ✅A. groups ✅

Hope this helps!!

The right optic tract: A. carries information from the lateral halves of both retinae. B. carries information from the medial halves of both retinae. C. carries information from the lateral half of the retina (right e

Answers

Answer:

The optic tract carries retinal information relating to the whole visual field. Specifically, the right optic tract corresponds to the left visual field.

Explanation:

The _______ is the part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body.

Answers

mitochondria is the part of the neuron that carried information away from the cell body

Using sophisticated molecular cloning techniques, you have isolated the genes for two serotonin transporters, called TransA and TransB, which are expressed in these neuronal cells. A preliminary immunofluores- cence localization of fixed and permeabilized cells found very bright staining of TransA at the nerve cell plasma membrane and little staining elsewhere. TransB, in contrast, stained only very faintly at the nerve cell plasma membrane, but there was intense staining within the cytosol.

Required:
In which subcellular membrane or organelle would you expect most of the TransB to be found? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

Vesicles  

Explanation:

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that transports signals or messages between neurons.

Most neuronal cells have vesicles in their interior, which are organelles that store neurotransmitters for exportation -by exocytosis- or from recycling -by endocytosis-. These vesicles also protect the neurotransmitter from the enzymatic action.

Vesicles form in the cellular soma, from where they are transported to nervous terminals. Once the vesicle releases the neurotransmitter to the intercellular space, their membrane remains available in the plasmatic membrane to be reused.

The neurotransmitter concentration in the vesicle interior is related to the storage system and the transport system. There are specialized transporter proteins in the vesicle membrane that are involved with the introduction of the molecule to the organelle.

In the exposed example, transporter Trans B might be located in the vesicle membranes, and hence could be found in the cytosol of the cells.

How are the workings of receptor in human body related to the sensors in a car listed below?
A. Light:
B. Touch:
C: Sound:
D: Speed:

Answers

B is the correct answer for the question.

Which of the following is a benefit of dams?

A. They impede fish migration and spawning

B. They provide a source of energy

C. They increase the sediment load of waterways


D. They divert water from ecosystems

Answers

A. They impede fish migration and spawning

The membrane potential that occurs when neurotransmitters bind to their receptors is called _______.

Answers

Answer:

action potential

Explanation:

Transmission of a signal within a neuron (from dendrite to axon terminal) is carried by a brief reversal of the resting membrane potential called an action potential. When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors located on a neuron's dendrites, ion channels open.

Answer:

I guess action potential is the correct one

The brain generally stores new information in its own different and unique netowrk but retrieves information by chunking it with information in netowkrs that contain similar characteristics or associations.

a. True
b. False

Answers

A would be the correct answer I believe

Q. Which one of the following properties does NOT give the water the ability to become a suitable medium for chemical reactions?

a. Helps the ionization of salts

b. It is considered a good solvent for salts

C. Gives off the heat produced from the chemical reactions

d. It has a specific heat capacity.

Answers

Answer: it is third one i guess

Explanation:

8. Two rabbits are bred together. One is heterozygous for agouti coat
(genotype: Cch) and the other is albino. What are the possible phenotypes
of their offspring? Construct a Punnett square to support your answer.

Answers

Answer:

- Parental cross = Cch  x chch  

- F1 = 1/2 Cch (agouti coat); 1/2 chch (albino coat) >> 1:1 phenotypic ratio

Punnett  square:  

          ch         ch

C       Cch       Cch

ch    chch      chch

 

Explanation:

A heterozygous individual is an individual who has two different gene variants (i.e., alleles) at a particular locus. In this case, individuals having the "agouti coat" trait are heterozygous carrying both 'C' and 'ch' alleles. On the other hand, a homo-zygous individual has the same allele at a given locus (here, the 'chch' genotype associated with the albino phenotype). Therefore, as observed in the Punnett Square above, when a heterozygous parent is crossed with a homo-zygous recessive parent for a single gene, alleles segregate in the gametes of both parents so an expected 1:1 phenotypic ratio will be observed.

Should we clone animals that are going or have gone extinct (in other words bring them back
either from the brink of extinction or from extinction)? Explain your answer.

Answers

No, God gives and takes away, the world is heartless and kills entire species to extinction but it’s nothing that God didn’t already know would happen. Dinosaurs are no longer here there extinct for a reason, nowadays extinction comes from man but everything that happens in this world is Already written out in Gods book

Answer:

I think we should but people are preventing this though

Explanation:

I think we should because it might benefit the world and let scientists to discover this animal. But then I don't think so because animals that are/were extinct could perhaps be from climate change. Nowadays, people don't take this matter seriously causing habitats to be destroyed and animals to be extinct :) Like icebergs are melting that mean penguins are at risk of being extinct,if we did something then this situation will be prevented. However dinosaurs did become extinct and they did not come back so its probably just life and this is how god planned it:)

​Which other group of organisms can supply energy to a food chain in a similar way to plants?

Answers

Producers are organisms that make their own organic nutrients (food) - usually using energy from sunlight. Green plants make their food by photosynthesis . The other organisms in a food chain are consumers, because they all get their energy by consuming other organisms.

which molecules in your body do not contain carbon atoms

Answers

Inorganic compounds essential to human functioning include water, salts, acids, and bases. These compounds are inorganic; that is, they do not contain both hydrogen and carbon.
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