The mandatory spending can be explained as the expenses under the federal budget that are enacted as per the prevailing laws, and do not require review by the authorities.
The mandatory spending made by the governments on an annual basis can be referred to or considered as the amount spent by them on those areas that are under the enactment of the law and do not await any review by the authorities under the government like committees or the American Congress. These spending made by the government are not affected by federal budgets.
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The assumption that criminal acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole is fundamental to which of the following laws?
a. criminal law
b. administrative law
c. civil law
d. procedural law
The assumption that criminal acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole is fundamental of criminal law.
Hence, the correct option is A.
Criminal law is a body of law that defines criminal offences, includes the apprehension, charging and trial of the accused person. It punishes convicts by imprisonment, capital punishment or penalties. The prosecution is liable to prove each crime beyond reasonable doubt of the convict. Crime may be committed against a person or a society, but its impact remain in the society fundamentally. The criminal mindset can influence the society to do illegal activities that can harm individuals and society as a whole. Punishment is used as a preventive manner against crime so that people become petrified by law should not commit such crimes again.
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A woman needs to understand better the regulations that control the flow of water in the river on her private property. To be sure that she is following the federal regulations, she should consult members of which branch of the US government?
Executive branch
The woman should consult the members of Executive Branch of the US government to understand better the federal regulations which controls the flow of water in river on her private property.
Regulations of water is a part of the department of Environmental Protection and agencies which comes under the executive branch of the US government which is commonly known as The White House.
The basic structure of regulating the water in the US was established by "The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 1948" which was amended and evolved as "The Clean Water Act, 1972". It recognizes both public and private rights.
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Which of the following is true regarding Harry's assertion that the statute of frauds is not satisfied because Rebecca did not sign the document?
A. Harry is correct.
B. Harry is incorrect because he is the one being sued, and he signed the document.
C. Harry is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the selling price was referenced.
D. Harry is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the type of subject matter involved was referenced.
E. Harry is incorrect because the statute of frauds did not require her signature so long as the parties were clearly identified.
Answer:
Harry is incorrect because he is the one being sued, and he signed the document.
do congress members get paid extra for serving on committees?
No, it has been made very clear that the members of the Congress do not get paid anything extra for being a serving member of the committees that they are a part of.
The Congress is the second most powerful authority in the United States after the supreme position of the president. Moreover, the Congress members are also under an obligation to serve as committee members for specific activities. However, they do not get any additional remuneration for the same, since it is a part and parcel of their work duties.
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who interprets what the constitution says, and how?
The Supreme Court is the final and highest authority who interprets what the constitution.
The Supreme Court being the vertex of the judicial system of a country, it has the power to interpret the constitution in such a manner that it does not contravene the basic structure of the constitution. It sets out the core values in the peoples life, and Courts have the right to interpret the constitutional meaning, as well as the meaning of any laws passed by the congress. The judicial authorities expound the laws and policies of the government and simplify it by abiding such laws in various cases. Textualism, originalism, and perceiving are the three main types of constitutional interpretation that act as a living document.
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What is the chief executive of government?
The President of the United States of America is also given the delegation to be in the position of the chief executive of the American government.
The American President is referred to or taken into understanding as the person who holds the highest position of authority in the United States. He holds some executive powers, and has the rights to execute them at his or her own will. Since the president is the highest authority to hold executive powers, he is the American chief executive of the government. These powers are available under the provisions of the constitution.
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which principle did justice brandeis argue was included in the fourth amendment?
Answer:
Due Process
Explanation:
a drawback in the use of patents to protect inventorsâ rights is that they
The change in technology and the time-consuming process are the biggest drawbacks involved in the use of patents to protect the rights of an inventor.
The patents may be taken into assumption as the intellectual property that are held by the inventor who creates them. Moreover, the patents are also granted only to those who create something which is unique and might not have any social interests involved. Thus, getting patents may become time-consuming, and even the technologies might change by the time patents are granted.
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which level of government has the most power in a confederation?
The state or local government is preeminent in a confederation. The national government can only exercise powers delegated to it by the states. Most confederations have given local governments the authority to overturn a federal statute inside their limits.
the governments of the states
The Articles of Confederation established a Nation that was "a league of goodwill and permanent unity," yet the Articles gave most of the authority to the state governments, with little allocated to the central government.
A confederation is a group of sovereign nations that form a government. The independent states provide the central government autonomy. Power is held by each individual state, whose representatives convene to handle the group's requirements.
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Discuss various social movements and Critically analyse the arguments of social scientists who claim that Revolutionary social movements bring about profound changes. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this claim?
what did the members of the new united nations security council all have in common?
In the new United nations security council,all 16 members have a right to raise their concern.
The Union Security Council initially comprised of 11 non-permanent members — five permanent members (the Republic of China [Taiwan], France, the Soviet Association, the Unified Realm, and the US) and six nonpermanent individuals chose by the UN General Gathering for two-year terms. An alteration to the UN Contract in 1965 expanded committee enrollment to 15, including the first five extremely durable individuals and 10 nonpermanent individuals.
Among the long-lasting individuals, Individuals' Republic of China supplanted the Republic of China in 1971, and the Russian Organization succeeded the Soviet Association in 1991. The nonpermanent individuals are for the most part decided to accomplish evenhanded portrayal among geographic districts, with five individuals coming from Africa or Asia, one from eastern Europe, two from Latin America, and two from western Europe or different regions. Five of the 10 nonpermanent individuals are chosen every year by the Overall Get together for two-year terms, and five resign every year. The administration is held by every part in pivot for a time of one month.
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Three men agreed to rob a restaurant in a nearby town and bought pistols, ski masks, and gloves for that purpose. Prior to entering the restaurant, the man who was to be the lookout had a change of heart and wanted to call off the robbery. The other two men refused so the lookout threw down his gun and went to the nearby bus station to catch a bus back to his home. The remaining two men went into the restaurant and robbed it and it patrons. A patrol car happened by as they were leaving, and one of the men seized one of the customers as as hostage. In the exchange of gunfire with the police, a police officer and the hostage were killed. Both men escaped initially, but one of them was later captured and charged with robbery and murder. However, because of illegal police conduct in connection with his arrest and subsequent confession, all evidence connecting him with the charged crimes was suppressed and the charges dismissed.
If the lookout is also arrested and charged with rude,r which of the following is his strongest defense?
He had withdrawn from the plan before the two others began the robbery that led to the killings. The lookout will not be guilty of murder if he withdrew from the plan before the robbery and killings took place. At common law, each person who took part in the planning of a crime was criminally liable for the crime of conspiracy and for each offense committed in furtherance of the conspiracy. However, if one of the conspirators "withdrew" from the criminal effort before the substantive crimes occurred, he was not liable for the subsequent crimes. To successfully withdraw, the actor must notify all members of the conspiracy that he has withdrawn; this must be done in time for them to have an opportunity to abandon the planned crimes. The facts in the question clearly indicate that he had withdrawn. (A) is not as good an answer as (C) because,
if the lookout had not withdrawn, he would be guilty of murder under a felony murder theory.
His strongest argument is that he withdrew. (B) is wrong because it is no defense to a charge
of murder that the actor did not physically participate. The lookout would be guilty if he had
not withdrawn, even without physical participation. (D) is wrong because, if the theory of the prosecutor's murder charge was that the lookout was a conspirator and is liable for all crimes committed in furtherance of the conspiracy, it would make no difference whether the other conspirators are being prosecuted. (All persons must be acquitted for this defense to be effective.)
The strongest defense for the lookout is that he had withdrawn from the plan before the two others began the robbery that led to the killings, and he had notified all members of the conspiracy that he had withdrawn in time for them to abandon the planned crimes.
The lookout's strongest defense is that he backed out of the scheme before the two others started the heist that led to the killings, and he told all members of the conspiracy that he had backed out in time for them to cease the intended crimes. This defense is based on the common law principle that anyone who participates in the planning of a crime is criminally liable for the crime of conspiracy as well as any offense committed in furtherance of the conspiracy, but anyone who withdraws before the substantive crimes occur is not liable for the subsequent crimes.
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Who were the Sunset Strip serial killers?
The "Sunset Strip Killers" were a pair of serial killers who committed a series of murders in Los Angeles in 1980.
The killers, Douglas Clark and Carol Bundy, were both involved in the sex industry and had a history of violence and criminal activity prior to their murder spree.
Clark and Bundy met in 1980 and began a romantic relationship. They soon began a killing spree that lasted for several months, during which they targeted young women in the Sunset Strip area of Los Angeles.
Their first known victim was a woman named Karen Jones, whom they abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered. They went on to kill several more women before they were eventually caught and arrested.
Clark was convicted of six counts of murder, while Bundy was convicted of two counts. Both were sentenced to death, but Bundy's sentence was later commuted to life in prison without parole. Clark remains on death row in California.
The Sunset Strip Killers case was notable for its sensational nature, with Clark and Bundy's lurid and violent crimes capturing widespread media attention.
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Proponents of which of the following believe that it is appropriate for judges to make bold policy decisions when doing so is necessary to address pressing societal needs?
- Judicial restraint
- Judicial activism
- Judiciary
- the Senate
When it's vital to meet urgent societal demands, judges should be allowed to make audacious policy decisions, according to judicial activism.
The required details for Judicial activism in given paragraph
Judicial activism is a term used to describe how judges go about conducting judicial review or are perceived to go about doing so. The phrase describes situations where a judge rules against the interests of protecting individual rights and furthering a larger social or political agenda at the expense of legal precedent or earlier constitutional interpretations. Legal precedents or earlier constitutional interpretations are ignored by judges when making decisions as part of judicial activism, which is done to uphold individual rights or forward a larger political goal.
The phrase may be employed to characterize a judge's actual or assumed method of judicial review.
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Can you use law of cosines for SSS?
Yes, the law of cosines can be used for SSS, or side-side-side, triangles.
The law of cosines states that c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2abcos(C), where c is the length of the side opposite angle C, and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides.
For an SSS triangle, all three sides are known, so the law of cosines can be used to find one of the angles. The equation can be rearranged to solve for cos(C), and then the inverse cosine function can be used to find the measure of angle C.
Once one angle is known, the law of cosines can be used again to find another angle, and then the third angle can be found using the fact that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.
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Yes, you can use the Law of Cosines for SSS (side-side-side) triangles. The Law of Cosines is a formula that relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the cosine of one of its angles.
It is given by the equation:
c² = a² + b² - 2abcosC
Where a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides of the triangle, and C is the angle opposite side c.
In an SSS triangle, you know the lengths of all three sides, but you do not know any of the angles. You can use the Law of Cosines to find one of the angles, and then use the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines again to find the other two angles.
For example, if you have an SSS triangle with sides of length 5, 6, and 7, you can use the Law of Cosines to find one of the angles:
7² = 5² + 6² - 2(5)(6)cosC
49 = 25 + 36 - 60cosC
-12 = -60cosC
cosC = 0.2
C = cos⁻¹(0.2) ≈ 78.46°
Once you have found one of the angles, you can use the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines again to find the other two angles.
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______ law defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses). a. Civil b. Criminal c. Competitive d. Administrative
Answer: A
Explanation:
A. Civil Law - Civil law is a branch of law that defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations in relation to one another. It covers a wide range of topics including contracts, torts, property law, family law, and probate. Civil law helps to resolve disputes between individuals or organizations and establish rules for how they should interact.
The Supreme Court is the highest law in the land and is part of the ? branch of the government.
The Supreme Court is the highest law in the land and is part of the the judicial branch of the government.
The United States Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and the only branch of the federal judiciary that the Constitution expressly mandates.
US States. The Supreme Court serves as the final arbiter of law, upholding the promise of equal justice under the law for all Americans. In doing so, it also serves as the Constitution's protector and interpreter.
The Chief Justice of the United States sits on the Supreme Court, together with whichever many Associate Justices Congress deems appropriate.
Eight Associate Justices make up the present roster. The President of the United States has the authority to appoint Justices, and such decisions are made with the advice and agreement of the Senate.
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if a nation violates international law then _____, will be the one to enforce any violation
If a nation violates international law, there is no single entity with the authority to enforce any violation.
What are some violation of international law?Human rights, military conflict, environmental protection, and trade are just a few of the many areas where there can be transgressions of international law. Examples of such violations include genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes, crimes against humanity, piracy, cyberattacks, torture, and human trafficking. Non-compliance with international treaties or accords, such as the deployment of chemical weapons or failing to address climate change, may also be considered a breach. International law violations may result in harsh repercussions, including military action, economic sanctions, or diplomatic exclusion. Thus, upholding international law is essential to advancing human rights, preserving world peace, and ending conflicts peacefully.
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What are the 13th 14th and 15th Amendments of the Constitution?
The 13th amendment deals with slavery, the 14th with people's status and the 15th with the right to vote.
The amendments can be described as -
13th Amendment - According to the amendment, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the United States or anywhere else under their jurisdiction, unless it is used as a punishment for a crime for which the party has been lawfully convicted. Lincoln and other leaders came to the conclusion that the only way to formally abolish slavery was to change the Constitution. In all regions of the United States, slavery was permanently outlawed by this Amendment. The amendment prohibited not only slavery but also peonage and forced servitude.
14th Amendment - All people who are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and who were born or naturalised there are citizens of both the nation and the state in which they currently reside. No state shall enact or carry out any legislation that restricts the rights or privileges of US citizens; no state shall rob anybody of their life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and no state shall refuse to any person within its borders the equal protection of the laws.
15th Amendment - The federal government or any state cannot restrict or deny a citizen of the United States their right to vote due to their race, colour, or national origin. the past was a slave post. Men of African American descent are eligible to vote under this. The original United States Constitution did not specifically mention the right of citizens to vote, and only white men were allowed to cast ballots. Two constitutional changes changed that.
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fill the Blank?the two most important inventory-based questions answered by the typical inventory model are ______.
The two most important inventory-based questions answered by the typical inventory model are quantity being produced and time taken to produce the said quantity.
An inventory model may be taken into interpretation as the model of managing the stocks of raw materials, work-in-process, as well as the finished goods, wherein a system of efficient management related to them is laid out. Time taken for inventory management, and the quantity availability for the inventory at a given time, are the critical questions under this model.
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What is speech plus action?
The speech plus action means the incorporation of spoken or written communication made towards a party with an intention of conveying the message related thereto.
The speech plus can be referred to or considered as the form of communication or a symbolic behavior shown by an individual wherein the action taken as a part of communication, whether oral or written, leads to the commitment of civil disobedience. Moreover, the speech plus is not considered to be an ideal form of leading an effective communication.
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Which of the following groups would benefit the most from receiving subsidies? A. Governments B. International organizations such as the WTO C. Domestic
Out of the given choices of alternatives, it may be stated that the domestic producers fall under the group that would get the maximum benefits of receiving any subsidies. Therefore, the option C holds true.
The subsidies are to be held as the grants received from an organization for the purpose of falling under the bracket of beneficial purposes. The domestic producers receive subsidies as the government wants to promote the in-house production that also helps in boosting the GDP of their country.
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Complete question
Which of the following groups would benefit the most from receiving subsidies?
A. Governments
B. International organizations such as the WTO
C. Domestic producers
D. Importers
E. Foreign competitors
Is looting during a protest the result of a group of people in society who feel like there is no other way to get the attention of those in power, OR is it an excuse for those already inclined to commit criminal activity to steal with little fear of punishment?
Answer:
The effect of the looting is evident on small and big businesses as well as the economy, increasing unemployment and making it difficult for businesses to recover from their losses. However, there are ripple effects which are not as clear. These include those on the health sector, and by extension the vaccine roll out.
Explanation:
The effect of the looting is evident on small and big businesses as well as the economy, increasing unemployment and making it difficult for businesses to recover from their losses. However, there are ripple effects which are not as clear. These include those on the health sector, and by extension the vaccine roll out.
the interstate commerce act of 1887 and the sherman antitrust act of 1890 were passed by congress to_____
Answer: the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 in the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 were passed by Congress to control business practices that limit competition.
Explanation: this is the answer, because these two acts attacked monopolies that hurt certain competitions, and that disturbed the flow of business. It was used to break down some of the biggest businesses during the gilded age.
What is Kant's Retributivist theory of punishment?
Kant's Retributivist theory of punishment is a philosophical theory that believes in the idea that punishment should be imposed on a person who commits a crime, as a way of ensuring justice. According to this theory, punishment is not meant to deter or rehabilitate the offender, but rather to serve as retribution for the harm they caused.
In Kant's view, punishment should be proportional to the crime committed, and should be imposed on the offender regardless of the potential consequences or benefits of the punishment. This is in contrast to other theories of punishment, such as utilitarianism, which focuses on the potential benefits of punishment, such as deterring future crime or rehabilitating the offender.
It is based on the idea that individuals have moral responsibility for their actions, and that punishment is a way of holding them accountable for their wrongdoing. It is also based on the principle of respect for persons, which holds that individuals should be treated as ends in themselves, and not simply as means to an end.
Overall, Kant's Retributivist theory of punishment is a deontological theory, which means that it is based on the idea that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their consequences.
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III . Think and write: Which statements refer to civil laws and which statement refer to criminal laws
1) A law that deals with people’s rights . ______
2) A law that is designed to protect people from others . _________
3) With this law, disputes are settled by a jury. __________
4) A law that deals with people who break national laws. ________
5) A law that is designed to keep society safe . ___________
1) A law that deals with people’s rights—civil law.
2) A law that is designed to protect people from others—criminal law.
What is Civil law?Civil law is an international legal system that has its roots in mainland Europe. Roman law serves as the intellectual foundation for the civil law system, and its key concepts have been codified into a referable system, which is the main source of legislation.
3) With this law, disputes are settled by a jury-Civil law.
4) A law that deals with people who break national laws-Criminal law.
5) A law that is designed to keep society safe—Civil law.
The corpus of law that deals with crimes are known as criminal law. It forbids behavior that is deemed to pose a threat to, be detrimental to, or otherwise pose a risk to the possessions, health, safety, and moral well-being of others, including oneself.
Therefore, statements related to civil laws and criminal laws are stated above.
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Charlotte (32) is married. However, she and her two children, Francis (3) and Cassandra (5), moved back in with her parents in 2019, after she separated from her husband. She will not be filing a joint return with her husband. They are all U.S. citizens and have social security numbers that are valid for employment. Charlotte's divorce had not been finalized by the end of 2021, but her husband did not live with her during the year. The children stayed with him 150 nights and the rest of the nights with Charlotte. He did not pay any of her household expenses. Since the separation, Charlotte and her children have lived in the finished basement apartment that her parents used to rent to local college students. Charlotte pays more than half the cost of maintaining the apartment, and neither of the children provided any of their own support. Her 2021 wages and AGI were $43,250 which was $4,236 higher than her 2019 earned income. Francis and Cassandra had no income. Charlotte had no other income including foreign income. She will not be releasing any dependent exemptions for which she may qualify.
What is Francis' dependency status for Charlotte?
Note that with regard to dependency status, Francis is Charlotte's dependent child for tax purposes as he lived with her for over half the year and did not provide any of his own support.
What is dependency Status?Dependency status refers to the classification of a person as a dependent for tax purposes.
This classification determines who is responsible for providing support for the individual, and who can claim them as a dependent on their tax return for certain tax benefits.
A dependent can be a qualifying child or a qualifying relative and must meet certain criteria, including living with the taxpayer for over half the year, not providing over half of their own support, and meeting relationship, age, and support tests.
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in the discrimination court case described by crenshaw in the video, which intersectional identities were highlighted as the focus of the argument?
Out of the given options, it is to be said that the race and gender of individuals were the intersectional identities were highlighted as the argument's focus as described by Crenshaw in the discrimination court case. Therefore, the option D holds true.
There have been numerous court cases which have revolved around the topic of discrimination in the society against the groups as well as individuals. One such case was also described by Crenshaw, wherein he mentioned the racial and sexual intersectional identities being taken as the focus of the argument.
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Complete question
In the discrimination court case described by Crenshaw, which intersectional identities were highlighted as the focus of the argument? Select an answer and submit.
A Gender + Social Class
b Ability Race
c Immigration status + Sexuality
d Race + Gender
how can politicians and interest groups influence the rule-making process?
The politicians and the interest groups can influence the rule-making process by using the power and unity that they have to spread their messages to a larger group of audience, and get them together in support of their beliefs and ideologies.
The rule-making process is a part of the reactions that the society has towards the decisions that are to exist in the social and legal systems of the society. Moreover, it is also to be assumed that politicians and interest groups have a larger audience reach, which helps them to influence the rule-making process.
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you are a state legislator in charge of revitalizing a major city within your state.
in which of the following scenarios might you use the concepts laid out by the gravity model to assist with decision making?
choosing another city in the state with which to link up by building a new high speed railway
The correct option is (4) Choosing another city in the state with which to link up by building a new high speed railway.
Being an state legislator in charge of revitalizing, Choosing another city in the state with which to link up by building a new high speed railway. tis can be said a Gravity modeling can be used to analyze the potential benefits of connecting two cities with a new high-speed train.
The model can be used to estimate how much the two cities could benefit from the railroad based on their current level of trade, population and distance from each other. This would help in deciding which city to connect with in order to maximize the economic benefits of the new railroad.
Full Question:
you are a state legislator in charge of revitalizing a major city within your state. In which of the following scenarios might you use the concepts laid out by the gravity model to assist with decision making?
Assessing the potential impact of a new business or industry on the local economy.Estimating the potential benefits of implementing programs to promote tourism in the city.Estimating the potential impacts of proposed changes to the city’s zoning and development regulations.Choosing another city in the state with which to link up by building a new high speed railway.To know more about state legislator:
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