Answer:
Business model
Explanation:
A business plan can be defined as a formally written document that comprises of the financial and operational objectives (plans) of a business firm.
Basically, a business plan is a roadmap or guide that outline the goals of a business, methods on how to achieve those goals, and the timeframe required to achieve those goals.
Similarly, a business model can be defined as a plan developed and implemented by a company while expressly promising value to its customers and converting the payments made by customers for goods or services into a profit.
Do you think that Rise of China is inevitable or it may collapse like any other authoritarian regimes including former the Soviet Union and East European Countries?
Answer:
China will not collapse like the USSR or Eastern European countries.
They are heavily invested in Africa. They have the means to continue to produce goods. They have cheap labor that other countries continue to use.
China plans their economic goals and priorities decades in advance.
The Soviet Union was never an economic super power.
The purpose of the Carlos Division is to develop a nuclear-powered aircraft. If successful, traveling delays associated with refueling could be substantially reduced. Many other benefits would also occur. To date, management has not had much success and is deciding whether a write-down at this time is appropriate. Management estimated its future net cash flows from the project to be $438 million. Management has also received an offer to purchase the division for $351 million. All identifiable assetsâ and liabilitiesâ book and fair value amounts are the same.
Required:
Prepare the journal entry to record the impairment at December 31, 2017.
Solution :
Calculate the amount of loss on impairment as follows :
Particular Millions($)
Fair value of the division 351
Less: carrying amount, net of good (474 - 210) 264
Implied goodwill 78
Less: carrying value of good will 210
Loss on impairment 132
Record impairment loss
Account title Debit($ million) Credit ($ million)
Loss of impairment 132
Goodwill 132
As a technical project manager, you have decided to propose implementing a prototyping methodology for a small web-based design project. What is the first step you will follow in this project
Answer: Identify user requirements.
Explanation:
The first thing that the manager needs to do is to find out the user requirements for such design products. This is akin to identifying the problem in the scientific method.
Knowing the user requirements of such a product would then help the manager come up with possible solutions that can then be developed into prototypes to see if they satisfy the requirements that users have.
Oliver's long-term care policy covers only services in a nursing facility and pays nothing for services provided at home or in the community. What kind of LTC policy does Oliver own?
Question options:
a. facility-challenged
b. substandard
c. tier 1
d. noncomprehensive
Answer:
d. noncomprehensive
Explanation:
Oliver has a noncomprehensive long term care(LTC). A non comprehensive long term care is policy that restricts services to the ones provided at a nursing facility, and so Oliver pays for the benefits of only the services of a nursing facility . It is different from a comprehensive long term care where services cover and can be provided at an adult day care, home, assisted living facilities, or at nursing facilities.
Oliver's policy which does not cover nursing facilities provided at home or in the community is known as a Non-comprehensive health insurance policy. So, the correct option is D.
A non-comprehensive policy is a type of policy that covers only expenses related to the health of the customer that are provided in the hospital in-house premises only.
It is to be noted that there are no nursing facility expenses reimbursed or paid to the policy holder in case of health issues faced, if any. There are several other types of policies which reimburse such expenses.In a non-comprehensive policy, the policy holder is entitled to receive health benefits of only core hospitalization and any other expenses like bedding, medications, out-house nursing facilities, etc.The premium to be paid on the non-comprehensive policy is less compared to a comprehensive policy as the benefits to be availed are also less and so the drill.Hence, the correct option is D that the non-comprehensive policy does not cover nursing facilities taken in-house or at the community.
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You are considering two investment alternatives. The first is a stock that pays quarterly dividends of $0.32 per share and is trading at $27.85 per share; you expect to sell the stock in six months for $31.72. The second is a stock that pays quarterly dividends of $0.67 per share and is trading at $34.98 per share; you expect to sell the stock in one year for $36.79. Which stock will provide the better annualized holding period return?The 1-year HPR for the second stock is____%. The stock that will provide the better annualized holding period return is_____.A. Stock 1 B. Stock 2
Answer:
The 1-year HPR for the second stock is 12.84%. The stock that will provide the better annualized holding period return is Stock 1.
Explanation:
For First stock
Total dividend from first stock = Dividend per share * Number quarters = $0.32 * 2 = $0.64
HPR of first stock = (Total dividend from first stock + (Selling price after six months - Initial selling price per share)) / Initial selling price = ($0.64 + ($31.72 - $27.85)) / $27.85 = 0.1619, or 16.19%
Annualized holding period return of first stock = HPR of first stock * Number 6 months in a year = 16.19% * 2 = 32.38%
For Second stock
Total dividend from second stock = Dividend per share * Number quarters = $0.67 * 4 = $2.68
Since you expect to sell the stock in one year, we have:
Annualized holding period return of second stock = The 1-year HPR for the second stock = (Total dividend from second stock + (Selling price after six months - Initial selling price per share)) / Initial selling price = ($2.68+ ($36.79 - $34.98)) / $34.98 = 0.1284, or 12.84%
Since the Annualized holding period return of first stock of 32.38% is higher than the Annualized holding period return of second stock of 12.84%. the first stock will provide the better annualized holding period return.
The 1-year HPR for the second stock is 12.84%. The stock that will provide the better annualized holding period return is Stock 1.
A bond issued by Vodafone has a coupon rate of 6.15% with semiannual payments, a par value of $1,000,and remaining maturity of exactly 25 years. The bond is currently trading at a price in the market that reflects a yield to maturity for the bond of 3.86%. What is the current value of the bond
Answer:
$1,365.15
Explanation:
Coupon rate = 6.15%
Par Value = 1000
Years = 25
Coupon = 30.75
No of the periods = 50 (25*2)
Semi YTM = 1.93% (3.86%/2)
Price = PV(Semi YTM, No of the periods, -Coupon, -Par Value)
Price = PV(1.93%, 50, -30.75, -1000)
Price = $1,365.15
So, the current value of the bond is $1,365.15.
8. In the short run, there is a negative relationship between inflation and employment. A: True B. False
Answer: False
In the short-run, inflation and unemployment are inversely related; as one quantity increases, the other decreases. In the long-run, there is no trade-off. In the 1960's, economists believed that the short-run Phillips curve was stable.
Explanation:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-economics/chapter/the-relationship-between-inflation-and-unemployment/
A government bond issued in France has a coupon rate of 5% (paid annually) and a face value of 100 euros, and it matures in 5 years. Calculate the price of the bond (in euros) if the yield to maturity is 3.5%.
Answer:
Bond Price= 106.77
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Face value= 100
Coupon= 100*0.05= 5
Yield To Maturity= 0.035
Years to maturity= 5 years
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to use the following formula:
Bond Price= cupon*{[1 - (1+i)^-n] / i} + [face value/(1+i)^n]
Bond Price= 5*{[1 - (1.035^-5)] / 0.035} + [100/(1.035^5)]
Bond Price= 22.57 + 84.2
Bond Price= 106.77
For each of the following scenarios, identify the number of firms present, the type of product, and the appropriate market model.
a. A large city has lots of small shops where people can buy sweaters. Each store's sweaters reflect the style of that particular store. Additionally, some stores use higher-quality yarn than others, which is reflected in their price.
b. There are hundreds of high school students in need of algebra tutoring services. Dozens of companies offer tutoring services; parents view the quality of the tutoring at the different companies to be largely the same.
c. Only three airlines fly from San Francisco to Medford, Oregon. No new airline will enter this market, because there are not enough customers to share among four or more airlines without each one experiencing substantially higher average costs. Consumers view all airlines as providing basically the same service and will shop around for the lowest price.
d. The government has granted a patent to a drug company for an experimental AIDS drug. That company is the only firm permitted to sell the drug.
Answer:
a. large number of firms, they have differentiated products, and this is a monopolistic market model
b. large number of firms, they have standardized products, and this is a perfectly competitive market model
c. few number of firms, they have standardized products, and this is an oligopolistic market model
d. one number of firms, they have a single products, and this is a monopoly
Explanation:
a. This first question is a monopolistic competition. this is because it has the following characteristics:
It has large number of firms, the products here are differentiated, there is no entry cost and also no exit cost in the long run. Entereing the market is challenging
b. this is a perfect competition, the characteristics are large number of firms, the products are identical and the entry and exit in the market is easy
c. this market is an oligopoly. it has a few firms, the products can be identical or they can be differntiated, and it has barriers to entry from what we have seen here.
d. this market is a monopoly. the firm is a single one, and due to the patent there are no new entries for any other firm.
Suppose a basket of goods and services has been selected to calculate the consumer price index (CPI) and 2002 has been selected as the base year. In 2002, the basket's cost was $600; in 2004, the basket's cost was $650; and in 2006, the basket's cost was $700. The value of the CPI in 2004 was:___________
a. 92.3.
b. 106.3.
c. 108.3.
d. 152.0.
e. more than 155.0.
Answer:
c. 108.3
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what The value of the CPI in 2004 was:
Using this formula
Consumer Price Index (CPI) 2004 = (2004 Basket cost / Base year basket cost) x 100
Let plug in the formula
Consumer Price Index (CPI) 2004 = (650 / 600) x 100
Consumer Price Index (CPI) 2004 = 108.3
Therefore The value of the CPI in 2004 was:108.3
Harry has worked as a general manager at Gringard, a supply chain management firm, for eleven years of his professional life. Gringard is a company that still follows a traditional business model and has not significantly changed its human resource management and talent development processes. Harry is now joining Alivron Inc., a company that focuses on a customer-driven supply chain approach. Which of the following is a change Harry should expect to find in his new company?
a. He should expect Alivron to emphasize strong operational skills rather than cross-functional collaboration skills.
b. He wil most likely need to move from following an agile approach to an analytical approach.
c. He will most likely need to work variable shifts so that he can connect with all his team members.
d. He should expect Alivron's distribution centers to run only two shifts Monday through Friday.
Answer:
C. He will most likely need to work variable shifts so that he can connect with all his team members.
Explanation:
He will most likely need to work variable shifts so that he can connect with all his team members.
In his new company, he will most likely need to work variable shifts so that he can connect with all his team members.
Variable shifts is called rotating shifts because it is different from the conventional workdays.
The Variable shifts are programmed to schedule the employees to cover 24 hour a day, 7 days per week operations.
Hence, In the new company, he will most likely need to work variable shifts so that he can connect with all his team members.
Therefore, the Option C is correct.
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Joshua has been working as a project manager in an information technology company for three years. Martha is a delivery team lead in the same company. When the company receives a project that has to be completed in a short span of time, Joshua decides to increase the daily work hours of the delivery team to accommodate the project. Martha, however, insists that Joshua request the client for a time extension. Not willing to reach an agreement, Joshua and Martha ignore each other's opinions and begin working on the project individually. Which of the following conflict-handling intentions does this scenario portray? Collaborating Accommodating Avoiding Compromising
The conflict-handling deals with collaborating
Green Roof Foods currently has a debt-to-equity ratio of .63, its cost of equity is 13.6 percent, and its pretax cost of debt is 7.8 percent. The tax rate is 35 percent and the risk-free rate is 3.1 percent. The firm's preferred capital structure consists of 50 percent debt. What discount rate should be assigned to a new project the firm is considering if the project is equally as risky as the overall firm and will be financed solely with equity?
a. 7.80%.
b. 9.76%.
c. 5.07%.
d. 9.34%.
e. 10.70%.
Answer:
d.9.34%
Explanation:
The formula for the weighted average cost of capital is provided below as a starting point for solving this question:
WACC=(weight of equity*cost of equity)+(weight of debt*after-tax cost of debt)
weight of equity=1-debt %=1-50%=50%
weight of debt=50%
cost of equity=13.6%
after-tax cost of debt=7.8%*(1-35%)
after-tax cost of debt=5.07%
WACC=(50%*13.6%)+(50%*5.07%)
WACC=9.34%
The discount rate is computed based on the target or preferred capital structure
Thirsty Cactus Corp. just paid a dividend of $1.50 per share. The dividends are expected to grow at 25 percent for the next 9 years and then level off to a 5 percent growth rate indefinitely. If the required return is 13 percent, what is the price of the stock today?
Answer:
$143.40
Explanation:
The dividend for the next year = [tex]\text{ current year dividend} \times (1 + \text{growth})[/tex]
= $ 1.50 x (1 + 0.13)
= 1.50 x 1.30
= $ 1.95
The dividend in the second year = 1.95 x 1.30
= $ 2.54
Similarly, the dividend for the year 9 is = [tex]$1.50 \times (1.30)^9$[/tex]
= $ 15.91
The value of the stock at the end of year 9,
[tex]$=\frac{\text{Dividend of year 10}}{\text{(Required rate of return - Growth rate)}}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{15.91\times1.05}{0.13-0.05}$[/tex]
= $ 208.81
The present value factor [tex]$=\frac{1}{(1+r)^n}$[/tex]
where, r = rate of interest = 13% = 0.13
n = years (1 to 9)
So, the present value factor for the 2nd year is [tex]$=\frac{1}{(1+0.13)^2}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{1}{(1.13)^2}$[/tex]
[tex]$=\frac{1}{1.2769}$[/tex]
= 0.783147
Therefore, the price of the stock today is calculated as to be $ 143.40
What is the effective annual interest rate of an investment that pays 14.75% per year with a compound frequency n= 2? (Answer percentage rounded to second decimal place).
Answer:
15.29%
Explanation:
r = Interest rate = 14.75%
m = Number of times compounding in a year = 2
Effective Annual Rate = (1 + r/m)^m - 1
Effective Annual Rate = (1 + 0.1475/2)^2 - 1
Effective Annual Rate = 1.07375^2 - 1
Effective Annual Rate = 1.1529390625 - 1
Effective Annual Rate = 0.1529391
Effective Annual Rate = 15.29%
So, the effective annual interest rate of the investment is 15.29%
1. The highest risk for the exporter is in a. Letter of credit c. Advance payment b. Bill of exchange d. Consignment sales
Answer:
1. The highest risk for the exporter is in
d. Consignment sales.
Explanation:
a) A consignment sale is not an actual sale. The risk remains with the exporter until the consignee has sold the goods and remitted the required amount to the consignor (exporter). With a letter of credit, the exporter has made an actual sale guaranteed for payment by the importer's bank. With advance payment, the exporter has received some payment for the goods before the importer receives them. With a bill of exchange, there is a formal instrument acknowledging the sale. Therefore, a bill of exchange, letter of credit, and advance payment are used for actual sales, while consignment sale is for transfers of goods for sale.
Assume the expected return on the market is 6 percent and the risk-free rate is 4 percent. What is the expected return for a stock with a beta equal to 2.00
Answer: 8%
Explanation:
This can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The formula of which is:
Expected return of stock = Risk free rate + Beta * (Expected return on market - Risk-free rate)
= 4% + 2 * (6% - 4%)
= 4% + 4%
= 8%
Activity A B C D E F G H Time 5 3 7 6 7 3 10 8 a. Identify the critical path. b. How much time will be needed to complete this project
Answer:
Critical path = A-D-F-H
Duration = 22
Explanation:
Given:
Activity A B C D E F G H
Time 5 3 7 6 7 3 10 8
The objective is to identify the critical path and to find the time needed to complete this project
Solution:
The possible paths are as follows,
A-C-H = 5+7+8 =20
A-D-F-H = 5+6+3+8 =22
A-D-G = 5+6+10 = 21
B-E-G = 3+7+10 = 20
B-E-F-H = 3+7+3+8 = 21
a)
Critical is the path with the longest duration
Critical path =A-D-F-H
The duration is 22
b)
The duration to complete the project is as follows,
Duration = Length of critical path = 22
The risk-free rate is 3%. The beta is 1.4, the alpha is 0.6 and the average return is 12%. What is the market return? How is it calculated?
Answer:
9.00%
Explanation:
In a bid to determine the market return, we make use of the formula for average return provided below whereby the formula is rearranged in order to market return the subject of the formula as shown thus:
Average return = Alpha + rf + β * (rm - rf)
Average return=12%
Alpha=0.6%
rf=risk-free rate=3%
β=Beta=1.4
rm=market return=the unknown
12%=0.6%+3%+1.4*(rm-3%)
12%=0.6%+3%+1.4rm-4.20%
12%=3.6%+1.4rm-4.20%
12%-3.6%+4.20%=1.4rm
12.60%=1.4rm
rm=12.60%/1.4
rm=9.00%
Stocks have a 12% expected return and 22% risk. Bonds have a 7% expected return and 10% risk. The expected return of a portfolio comprised of 70% stocks and 30% bonds is: Group of answer choices
Answer:
10.5%
Explanation:
Calculation to determine Expected return of portfolio
Using this formula
Expected return of portfolio = Ws*E(rs) + Wb*E(rb)
Where,
Expected return stock E(rs) = 12%
Expected return bond E(rb) = 7%
Weight of stock Ws = 0.70
Weight of bond Wb = 0.30
Let plug in the formula
Expected return of portfolio= 0.7*12 + 0.3*7
Expected return of portfolio = 10.5%
Therefore Expected return of portfolio is 10.5%
Trevor is saving for a down payment to buy a house. The account earns 11.2% interest compounded monthly, and he wants to have $14,000 in 7 years. What must his principal be
Answer:
the principal amount is $6,415.35
Explanation:
The computation of the principal amount is given below:
Amount = Principal × (1 + rate of interest)^time period
$14,000 = Principal × (1 + 11.2% ÷ 12)^7× 12
$14,000 = Principal × (1.00933)^84
So, the principal is
= $14,000 ÷ 2.18227
= $6,415.35
hence, the principal amount is $6,415.35
Suppose you buy 30 of the September corn futures contracts at the last price of the day. One month from now, the futures price of this contract is 464.5, and you close out your position. Calculate your dollar profit on this investment
Full question attached
Answer and Explanation:
If you buy 30 of the September corn futures contract at the closing price of 472.00(refer to the chart in picture attached)
Your total buying value = 30×472.250=14167.5
Since one month from now the corn futures contract is 464.5
Total value of your corn futures now= 30×464.5= 13935
Profit/loss=13935-14167.5= -232.5
Therefore you make a loss of $232.5
Ziegler Inc. has decided to use the high-low method to estimate the total cost and the fixed and variable cost components of the total cost. The data for various levels of production are as follows:
Units Produced Total Costs 101,500 $28,022,500 118,500 30,997,500 131,500 33,272,500
a. Determine the variable cost per unit and the total fixed cost.
Variable cost (Round to two decimal places.) $ per unit
Total fixed cost $
b. Based on part (a), estimate the total cost for 115,000 units of production.
Total cost for 115,000 units $
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Units Produced Total Costs
101,500 $28,022,500
118,500 30,997,500
131,500 33,272,500
To calculate the fixed and variable costs, we need to use the high-low method:
Variable cost per unit= (Highest activity cost - Lowest activity cost)/ (Highest activity units - Lowest activity units)
Variable cost per unit= (33,272,500 - 28,022,500 ) / (131,500 - 101,500)
Variable cost per unit= $175
Fixed costs= Highest activity cost - (Variable cost per unit * HAU)
Fixed costs= 33,272,500 - (175*131,500)
Fixed costs= $10,260,000
Fixed costs= LAC - (Variable cost per unit* LAU)
Fixed costs= 28,022,500 - (175*101,500)
Fixed costs= $10,260,000
Now, the total cost for 115,000 units:
Total cost= 10,260,000 + 175*115,000
Total cost= $30,385,000
Riley operates a plumbing business, and this year the three-year-old van he used in the business was destroyed in a traffic accident. The van was originally purchased for $21,000 and the adjusted basis was $5,675 at the time of the accident. Although the van was worth $6,100 at the time of accident, insurance only paid Riley $1,325 for the loss. What is the amount of Riley's casualty loss deduction
Answer:
$4,350
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the amount of Riley's casualty loss deduction
Using this formula
Casualty loss deduction=Adjusted basis - insurance reimbursement
Let plug in the formula
Casualty loss deduction=($5,675 − $1,325)
Casualty loss deduction=$4,350
Therefore the amount of Riley's casualty loss deduction is $4,350
If the price of an airline ticket from SFO to LAS were to increase by 10%, from $100 to $110 roundtrip, while all other demand factors remain at their initial values, the quantity of rooms demanded at the Triple Sevens from rooms per night to rooms per night. Because the cross-price elasticity of demand is
Answer:
Quantity demanded declined to 250 rooms per night from 300 rooms per night.
Cross price elasticity of demand is negative.
Explanation:
Cross price Elasticity of demand = [change in quantity demand/ current demand] / [ % change in price]
Cross price elasticity of demand = {[300 - 250] / 300 } / 10
Cross price elasticity of demand is = -1.6
Your first morning in your new office, you reflect on what type of manager and leader you hope to be. Which of the following best reflects what you believe about employees and how they can best be led?
a. Employees are more loyal and productive if they feel that their leader is admirable, caring, and ethical.
b. Employees’ behavior can be shaped and motivated, not only by rewarding good behavior but also by penalizing bad behavior.
c. Employees need to be discouraged from bad behavior.
d. They work harder when they know that failure has consequences.
Answer:
a. Employees are more loyal and productive if they feel that their leader is admirable, caring, and ethical.
Explanation:
Leadership can be defined as a process which typically involves motivating, encouraging and inspiring employees working under an individual to be innovative and create positive changes that will foster growth and enhance the success of a business firm or company in the future.
A leader can be defined as an individual who is saddled with the responsibility of controlling, managing and maintaining a group of people under him or her. Some types of power expressed by leaders are referent power, legitimate power, coercive power, etc.
Generally, leaders use their powers to get other people to follow them. Some forms of power result from a formalized position in the organization while others are derived from personal characteristics or knowledge.
Basically, when a leader possesses and favors referent power (strong interpersonal relationship skills with subordinates), he or she would have a strong and productive working relationship with his subordinates (employees) because it encourages loyalty.
Hence, employees are more loyal and productive if they feel that their leader is admirable, caring, and ethical.
A company reported the following asset and liability balances at the end of 2015 and 2016:
2015 2016
Assets $150,000 $180,000
Liabilities $70,000 $80,000
If the company paid dividends totaling $5,000, what is the amount of net income for 2016?
A. $20,000.B. $105,000.C. $80,000.D. $25,000.
Answer:
D. $25,000
Explanation:
The equity is the difference between assets and liabilities
Opening equity=$150,000-$70,000
opening equity=$80,000
Ending equity=$180,000-$80,000
ending equity=$100,000
The ending equity formula below can be used to derive the net income for 2016:
ending equity=beginning equity+ net income-dividends
The net income increases the amount of ending equity while dividends decrease it.
net income=unknown
dividends=$5000
$100,000=$80,000+net income-$5000
net income=$100,000-$80,000+$5,000
net income=$25,000
A small company that makes hand-sewn leather shoes has fixed costs of $320 a day, and total costs of $1200 per day at an output of 20 pairs of shoes per day. Assume that total cost C is linearly related to output x. Find an equation of the line relating output to cost.
A) C = 44x + 320.
B) C = 60x + 1520.
C) C = 60x + 320.
D) C = 44x + 1520.
Answer: c = 44x + 320
Explanation:
Based on the information given, the cost of materials used in the shoe is a variable cost and this will be:
= Total cost - Fixed cost
= $1200 - $320
= $880
Since there are 20 shoes, the cost if materials used per shoe is: = $880/20 = $44
Then the total cost equation will then be:
c = 44x + 320
where,
C = Total cost incurred in a day
x = Number of pair of shoes made in a day.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
The equation that related the output to cost is option c. 60x + 320.
Calculation of an equation:
Since we know that the variable cost is
= Total cost - Fixed cost
= $1200 - $320
= $880
Now the cost per shoe should be
= $880/20
= $44
So here the total cost c equation should be
c = 44x + 320
Here
x be Number of pair of shoes.
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What is the dollar price of a zero coupon bond with 21 years to maturity, semiannual compounding, and a par value of $1,000, if the YTM is:
Answer:
Zero-cupon bond= $192.57
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Number of periods to maturity= 21*2= 42 semesters
Par value= $1,000
I will assume a yield to maturity of 8%. 4% semestral.
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to use the following formula:
Zero-cupon bond= [face value/(1+i)^n]
Zero-cupon bond= [1,000 / (1.04^42)]
Zero-cupon bond= $192.57
Ramblin’ Randy’s Dude Ranch’s daily total cost of accommodating overnight guests is given by TC = 100 + 5 Q. On the basis of this information, the average fixed cost, when there are 25 overnight guests, is:
Answer: 4
Explanation:
The average fixed cost is calculated as:
= Fixed cost / output
Since total cost is given as TC = 100 + 5Q, the fixed cost in this case is 100 as.it doesn't depend on output. In this case, 5Q is the variable cost.
Since average fixed cost is calculated as:
= Fixed cost / output
= 100 / 25
= 4
Therefore, the average fixed cost is 4