What did the Federalist do during the national debate over ratification of the new constitution?

A federation is a good illustration of a governing structure. The federalist form of government established by the U.S. Constitution divides authorities between the 50 state governments and the federal government in Washington, D.C.

Citizens can anticipate a clear division of authority and prompt crisis management under a unitary system. Another drawback of unitary systems is their tendency to become overly centralized, disconnected from local demands, and authoritarian in nature.

The phrase "Federal Government" is frequently used to refer to the National Government in the United States, while the organization of the 50 state governments is unitary, not federal. An association of independent states is known as a confederation.

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Tennessee v. Garner case was well known for the police officers' deadly action on a suspect.

Tennessee v. Garner is considered a well-known civil case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that an officer in law enforcement could not use excessive force while following a running criminal in accordance with the 4th Amendment.

The Fourth Amendment's guarantee against unreasonable inspections was broken, and the court determined that the statute was unconstitutional as a result of the actions performed by the police on a person in name of inspection.

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Federalism is defined as a hierarchical system of government under which two levels of government exercises.

Federalism is a merged and compound technique for government that joins a general government (the central or "regulatory" government) with nearby lawmaking bodies (normal, state, cantonal, provincial, or other sub-unit councils) in a singular political system, dividing the powers between the two. Federalism in the state of the art time was first embraced in a long time of states during the Old Swiss Alliance.

Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the overall level of government is subordinate to the common level, and from devolution inside a unitary state, in which the neighborhood level of government is subordinate to the general level. It tends to the central design in the pathway of regional compromise or segment, restricted on the less planned side by confederalism and on the more organized side by devolution inside a unitary state.

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Answer: Your welcome!

Explanation:

These 23 financial institutions are known as Primary Dealers. Primary Dealers are responsible for providing liquidity in the Treasury market by participating in all auctions of Treasury securities and trading in the secondary market. They are also expected to provide market intelligence to the Federal Reserve, which uses this data to inform its monetary policy decisions. By participating in the Treasury market, Primary Dealers facilitate the sale of Treasury securities to investors, thus providing the government with the funds needed to finance its operations.

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

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A judge must find that the trial did not yield enough evidence to support the jury's verdict to grant an application for a judgment.

A judgment despite the decision (JNOV) is one in which the preliminary appointed authority rejects the jury's choice after it has been reached and gives the horrible party a judgment without requesting another preliminary.

Except for the planning of a preliminary, a judgment despite the decision (JNOV) and a coordinated decision are very comparative. Assuming the adjudicator accepts that the jury twisted the law in arriving at its choice or that no sensible jury might have arrived at the jury's decision in light of the realities presented at the preliminary, the adjudicator will give a JNOV.

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An Ex Post Facto Law may be understood as the law that is subject to change with a given change in the legal consequences of an action that was committed by the individual under question.

An ex post facto law can be generally taken into interpretation for better understanding as the laws that change with a given change in actions committed by a defendant, which is well before the law was actually brought into an enactment, so that a decision can be made. Thus, it often leads to formation or change in the existing laws.

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complete question

What is an ex post facto law?

The given statement "A firefighter who refuses to put out a fire when his safety is not at stake does not breach his duty of care" is correct.

Hence, the correct option is d.

Option d is true because a firefighter who refuses to put out a fire when their safety is not at stake does not breach their duty of care. This is known as the public duty doctrine, which provides that firefighters and other emergency responders have a duty to the general public as a whole, rather than to individual citizens.

As such, they are generally not liable for damages resulting from their failure to provide assistance in a specific situation, as long as they did not create the danger themselves.

Option a is partially true because a breach of the duty of care may not be actionable unless the plaintiff suffers injury or damage to their property.

Option b is false because the damages recoverable for breach of the duty of care are not independent of the effect of the injury on the plaintiff's life or profession.

Option c is also false because the reasonable person standard is used to determine whether a defendant has breached their duty of care, not the amount of damages owed to the plaintiff.

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The main purpose of the policy of containment after the World War II was to limit the spread of soviet power and communist ideology.

The concept of communalism refers to a set of beliefs and values that define the division between states(people, groups of people, communities). Containment was a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the united states during the cold war to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II. The idea was to make other countries prosperous enough to avoid the temptation of communism.

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The given statement "Krugman advocated the idea that strategic trade policies can eliminate trade wars" is true because Paul Krugman argued that strategic trade policies could help reduce the incentive for other countries to engage in trade wars.

One way to do this is by imposing tariffs on imported goods to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Governments can also provide subsidies to domestic industries to encourage their growth and competitiveness in the global market. By creating such strategic advantages, governments can encourage other countries to engage in fair trade practices rather than resorting to trade wars.

However, this view is not without controversy. Many economists have criticized strategic trade policies as potentially harmful to overall economic welfare.  

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After the IRS approves a tax refund, the time it takes for the refund to be deposited into your bank account or sent to you via mail depends on how you requested to receive your refund and how you filed your tax return.

If you opted for direct deposit, it typically takes about 1-3 business days for the funds to be deposited into your bank account after the IRS approves your refund. However, if you requested a paper check, it can take several weeks for the check to be mailed to you. In some cases, the IRS may also issue a prepaid debit card instead of a paper check.

It's important to note that the timing of your tax refund can also be affected by a number of other factors, such as the accuracy and completeness of your tax return, any errors or discrepancies that need to be resolved, and the volume of returns that the IRS is processing at any given time. If you have questions about the status of your tax refund, you can check the IRS "Where's My Refund?" tool or contact the IRS directly for assistance.

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The criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal  justice system.

The criminal justice model  is a detail oriented rules around certain core values and principles of law. Various jurists proposed various models of justice of which the criminal justice model is considered having the best efficiency. It is system based on values and principles, where fair train and process of justice is entertained. The criminal justice model contains of further two models (1)the due process of law and (2)the crime control model. The due process of law help in extracting justice between the parties while the crime control model helps in punishing and preventing further crimes. All these work together in the society to ensure a healthy and fair environment to the victims as well as the accused.

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She should answer all the questions the employees are likely to have in the email is organizing strategy should she use in conveying this message.

Option A is correct.

A strategic plan that outlines how your company will allocate resources (such as time, money, and inventory) to support all of its activities is known as an organizational strategy. It is typically developed by the leadership team. Examples of general business activities include: acquiring or creating stock to satisfy market demand.

The management function of organizing involves allocating human resources and creating an organizational structure to ensure the achievement of goals. The framework within which effort is coordinated is the organization's structure.

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The resolution of disputes with the assistance of organizations that offer dispute-resolution services via the Internet. When outside help is needed to resolve a dispute, there are a number of Web sites that offer online dispute resolution(ODR) may be best for resolving small- to medium-sized business liability claims, which may not be worth the expense of litigation or traditional ADR.

ODR is a digital space, where public facing disputes can be resolved by the parties through the usage of internet. While ODR  refers to wide case of alternative dispute resolution that takes advantage of the availability and development of internet excess. ODR is one of the type of alternate dispute resolution which solves disputes between two parties before going to the court. It is considered as an easier and faster way to solve solve civil disputes without the involvement of the jury and court proceedings. ODR is slightly different from ADR in the usage of internet, it solves disputes outside of court with the help of technology and alternate dispute resolution.

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Federalism is a mixture of the following extreme forms of political organization: Confederacy and Unitary National Government

Federalism is a political system that combines characteristics of a strong central authority with a system of sovereign states or regions. It is a hybrid of two extreme forms of political organization: unitary government, in which all power is concentrated in a single central government, and confederation, in which most power is distributed to individual states or regions with limited central authority. Power is distributed between the central government and the states in a federal system, with each level of government having its own set of duties and responsibilities. The United States is an example of a federal form of government in which authority is shared between the central government and individual states.

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The Fourteenth Amendment Additional Rights and Equal Protection All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are considered citizens of the United States and the state in which they live. As a result, D is the right answer.

No State shall enact or carry out legislation restricting the rights or immunities of United States citizens; no State shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and no State shall deny equal protection of the laws to any person within its jurisdiction.

All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are considered citizens of the United States and the state in which they live.

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Full Question ;

which amendment to the constitution guarantees due process and equal protection rights to all citizens?

13 Amendment

10 Amendment

11 Amendment

14 Amendment

The uniform state laws that the various states have adopted were not initially written by Congress.

What are Uniform Laws?

It is possible for state legislatures to implement uniform laws after carefully drafting model legislation. State legislatures have the option of rejecting them, adopting them as a whole, or adopting them with modifications. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, formerly known as the Uniform Law Commission (ULC), is responsible for creating uniform laws. Renowned attorneys, judges, politicians, and law academics are members of ULC. They want to encourage state law consistency. Over 250 Uniform Laws have been created by ULC since its foundation in 1892. Similar to uniform laws, model acts, and model codes may be offered by any person or group, including the American Bar Association, the American Law Institute, and ULC.

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The correct option is D ; one, none, Authoritarian governments have one person or a none people in charge.

Authoritarian = Government leadership controls all elements of citizens' economic, social, and political life; power is concentrated in the hands of one or a few individuals; opposition to the government is prohibited and frequently harshly punished. Democratic = The people have sovereignty.

Authoritarian. A government in which one person or group wields ultimate control. Dictatorship. Characteristics. Absolute authority; unlimited powers; most prevalent type of control throughout history; major challenger to constitutional democracy; power obtained via bloodshed.

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Full Question ;

Authoritarian governments have__person or a__people in charge.

(A)two, one

(B)one, few

(C)three, three

(D)one, none

False, these risks are too enormous for one person to handle, particularly when multiple people are involved. Instead of just one person, both the activity's organizers and the other participants should be responsible for sharing the risks and effects of their actions.

The act of taking on a risk requires acknowledging the inherent dangers of the action actively or knowingly. The individual might also have received comprehensive and accurate information.

Risks and assumptions must be recognized in order to assess if the suggested Goals and Activities are feasible and attainable within the given time frame and with the available human and financial resources.

If the plaintiff is even somewhat at fault, they are ineligible to receive damages under the doctrine of contributory negligence. On the other hand, a plaintiff may still be awarded damages under comparative negligence. However, damages are typically diminished by the plaintiff's percentage of fault.

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The gang member's testimony is believed, then most serious crime of that may be convicted is Attempted Murder.

The most serious crime of which the defendant may be convicted depends on the specific laws and circumstances of the case, as well as the decision of the judge or jury. However, if the gang member's evidence that he was so intoxicated that he didn't recall anything that happened at the competitor's residence is believed, he could be convicted of attempted murder or attempted manslaughter because his acts show the desire to kill the rival. The fact that the gun did not discharge, on the other hand, may be taken into account and result in a lesser charge or a reduced punishment. The court must finally decide the proper charges and sentencing based on the facts given.

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The court will most likely resolve the dispute by determining a reasonable price to be paid by Hanna.

Hence, the correct option is C.

A court will most likely resolve the dispute over the purchase price of the home by interpreting the agreement between Mayra and Hanna. If the agreement is determined to be ambiguous, the court will consider the circumstances surrounding the formation of the agreement, such as the negotiations leading up to it and the parties' subsequent conduct, in order to determine their intent.

In the case of "about $100,000 plus closing costs," a court would likely interpret this as meaning that the purchase price was intended to be $100,000 plus an amount to cover closing costs, but that the exact dollar amount was not specified. In such a case, the court would likely require the parties to provide evidence of the actual closing costs incurred, and then determine the final purchase price based on that evidence.

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In the given question, "which act established a classification of drugs that would only be available by prescription", the answer will be The 1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

Hence, the correct option is B).

The State took such a decision because, consumers would abuse drugs when they were easily available as well as there was a potential risk associated with is use and did not require a prescription from the doctor.

Through this Act drugs were now being registered and their safety and efficacy was examined by clinical trials.

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The lot A owner discovered the encroachment on her return. C. The lot A owner has an action against the lot B owner, because the lot A owner had no knowledge of the lot B owner's encroachment.

For the required statutory term, the lot B owner had exclusive, continuous ownership of the three-foot strip. This possession was public and well-known; it was also hostile (adverse).

The misunderstanding made by the lot B owner about possession of the three-foot strip is not determinative. The owner of Lot B has held negatively since his actions look to the community to be a claim of ownership and he is not holding with the owner's approval.

As a result, (D) is inaccurate. (C) is wrong because the open and infamous nature of the lot B owner's possession was enough to notify the genuine owner that a possession adverse to her title had been taken. (B) is an inaccurate legal statement; there is no such presumption.

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Correct question:

Two landowners owned adjacent lots A and B. Both lots were located in State Red, which has a 20-year adverse possession statute. Thirty years ago, the lot A owner married and left State Red to reside in State Blue. The lot A owner did not return to view the property during her period of residence in State Blue. One year after the lot A owner left, the lot B owner built a driveway on his land. The driveway extended three feet over onto lot A. The lot B owner mistakenly believed that this three-foot strip of land was his property. The lot B owner regularly used the driveway and was continuing to use it when the lot A owner, having been widowed, recently returned to State Red. The lot A owner discovered the encroachment on her return.

What are the lot A owner's rights against the lot B owner?

A. The lot A owner has no action against the lot B owner, because the lot B owner's title to the three-foot strip has been established by adverse possession.

B. The lot A owner has no action against the lot B owner, because her prolonged absence from State Red establishes a presumption of abandonment of her rights in the property.

C. The lot A owner has an action against the lot B owner, because the lot A owner had no knowledge of the lot B owner's encroachment.

D. The lot A owner has an action against the lot B owner, because the lot B owner mistakenly thought he owned the three-foot strip.

To show breach of duty, a plaintiff may rely on evidence of any but not a "Good Samaritan" law.

Hence, the correct option is C.

A "Good Samaritan" law has nothing to do with breach of duty, it is a statute that exempts licensed doctors and nurses, who can voluntarily render emergency treatments, due to liability of ordinary negligence in an emergency or clash. In order to prove the breach of duty it must be show facts of case, and (based on these facts) that the defendant acted unreasonably. Proof of what happened may be established by either direct or circumstantial evidence. A Good Samaritan law is a legal protection provided to those who helped the victim of any accident from legal interventions.

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A political economy that emphasises the use of (political) power to advance and defend these interests as well as the importance of material (economic) interests in determining how society is organised.

The three men widely recognised as the fathers of modern economics are Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. However, they went by the name of political economists, and from the time of its publication in 1848 until the turn of the century, Mill's Principles of Political Economy served as the discipline's foundational text. These pioneering theorists were unable to distinguish between the political and economic spheres.

The political from the economic analysis were separated by two trends. Governments first started to have less direct influence over the economy. Second, new political structures emerged: from largely monarchical to increasingly representative and highly diverse forms of government in Europe. Political science and economics had become distinct fields of study by the early 20th century.

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It is highly appropriate and totally correct to be mentioning that the government maintains consumer protection by issuing a limit or a ban on products that may be unsafe. Therefore, the aforementioned statement is to be held as true.

Consumer protection may be taken into interpretation as the primary social welfare goal of the state and national governments. When government is able to identify the safety in products not being up to the mark, there may be a ban on the products thus involved thereunder.

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Cmplete question

governments can protect consumers from unsafe products by issuing a limit or a ban on products. (True or False)

Muslim rulers generally exhibited a tolerant attitude towards Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians as long as they accepted Islam's political rule.

This attitude was based on the Islamic concept of dhimma, which granted non-Muslims living in Islamic territories certain rights and protections in exchange for payment of a poll tax (jizya) and their acceptance of Muslim political authority.

Under the dhimma system, non-Muslims were allowed to practice their own religion and follow their own laws and customs. They were also guaranteed protection from outside aggression and were allowed to engage in commerce and trade.

However, there were certain restrictions placed on non-Muslims, such as prohibitions on proselytizing or criticizing Islam, and they were generally regarded as second-class citizens.

Overall, the treatment of non-Muslims under Muslim rule varied depending on the specific ruler, time period, and local circumstances, but the general attitude towards them was one of tolerance as long as they accepted Muslim political rule and paid the jizya tax.

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The police power, which is the authority to enact laws to promote the public's health, safety, welfare, and morality, is primarily vested in state legislatures.

The primary responsibility of the police is to safeguard the public by detecting and preventing crime. The police have both common law and legislative authority to carry out this duty, which has been established in common law (precedents set by court decisions).

Laws governing equal rights and human rights must be compatible with the use of police authority. Each police officer is in charge of making sure their use of authority is proper, reasonable, and required.

Three categories can be used to classify police powers:

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A party that wants the Supreme Court to review a lower court ruling must file a petition for a writ of certiorari.

Hence the correct option is b.

A writ is a written order by the Supreme Court or the High Court that commands the lower courts or tribunals for constitutional remedies for the Indian citizens if their fundamental rights which are enshrined in the Constitution are violated.

In the literal sense, certiorari means 'to be informed'. This writ is issued by a higher court to a tribunal or a lower court to either squash the order to the lower court/tribunal or to transfer the case to the higher court.

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