True or False: Without government regulation, natural monopolies never earn zero profit in the long run. True False

The finance charge on the loan is $6,090.

The amount financed is $17,000 - $2,500 = $14,500.

Using the formula for calculating the finance charge on a simple interest loan:

Finance charge = P * r * t

where P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate expressed as a decimal, and t is the time period in years.

For this loan, P = $14,500, r = 0.084 (8.4% expressed as a decimal), and t = 5 (60 months divided by 12 months per year).

So, the finance charge is:

Finance charge = $14,500 * 0.084 * 5

= $6,090

Therefore, the finance charge on the loan is $6,090.

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The nominal federal funds rate should be 4%.

Taylor's rule can be expressed as:

Nominal federal funds rate = equilibrium real federal funds rate + inflation rate + 0.5(output gap) + 0.5(inflation gap)

Where:

Equilibrium real federal funds rate: 2%

Inflation rate: 0%

Output gap: 0% (since there is no output gap)

Inflation gap: target inflation rate (2%) minus actual inflation rate (0%)

Plugging in the values:

Nominal federal funds rate = 2% + 0% + 0.5(0%) + 0.5(2%-0%) = 4%

Therefore, the nominal federal funds rate should be 4%.

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If actual output is greater than equilibrium output, firms will decrease output to keep from accumulating inventories.

In a perfectly competitive market, equilibrium output occurs at the intersection of the supply and demand curves. At this point, firms are producing the quantity of goods demanded by consumers, and there is no excess supply or shortage. However, if actual output exceeds this level, it means that firms are producing more goods than consumers are willing to purchase at the prevailing price. As a result, firms are unable to sell all of their products and begin to accumulate unsold goods in their inventories. To avoid this situation, firms will adjust their output levels downwards.

This can be achieved by reducing the amount of inputs used in production, cutting back on shifts or production hours, or even temporarily shutting down production facilities. By doing so, firms will be able to reduce their production costs, prevent the accumulation of unsold goods, and maintain profitability. In summary, when actual output is greater than equilibrium output, firms will reduce their output to keep from accumulating inventories. This adjustment helps to ensure that the market remains in balance and that firms are producing the optimal quantity of goods that consumers are willing to purchase at the prevailing price.

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The amount of government spending required to reach the target level of real GDP is $625.

To find the amount of government spending required to reach the target level of real GDP, we can use the following formula:

∆Y = (1 / (1 - MPC)) x ∆G

Where:

∆Y = change in real GDP

MPC = marginal propensity to consume

∆G = change in government spending

We are given that the equilibrium level of real GDP is $1,000 and the target level of real GDP is $1,250. Therefore, the change in real GDP required to reach the target is:

∆Y = $1,250 - $1,000 = $250

We are also given that the MPC is 0.60. Substituting these values into the formula above, we get:

$250 = (1 / (1 - 0.60)) x ∆G

Solving for ∆G, we get:

∆G = $625

Therefore, the amount of government spending required to reach the target level of real GDP is $625.

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It was reported that 64 percent (Option D) of U.S. CEOs had no foreign experience. This statistic highlights the importance of increasing global exposure and understanding for top executives in the business world.

According to a survey conducted on CEOs from around the world, it was reported that 64 percent of U.S. CEOs had no foreign experience. This finding highlights the lack of global exposure and cultural diversity among top leadership in American companies. In an increasingly interconnected world where businesses are expanding their operations globally, it is important for leaders to have a global mindset and understanding of different cultures and markets. Without this experience, CEOs may struggle to effectively navigate and compete in the global marketplace. To address this issue, companies can provide opportunities for their executives to gain international experience through assignments, training programs, or global business conferences. By doing so, they can equip their leaders with the skills and knowledge needed to successfully lead their organizations in an increasingly globalized world.

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To maximize utility with a budget of $15 to be spent on either apples or oranges, the consumer should consider the marginal utility of each fruit and allocate spending to achieve the greatest level of satisfaction.

Assuming the marginal utility of the first apple is greater than the marginal utility of the first orange, the consumer should first spend on apples until the marginal utility of an apple equals the marginal utility of an orange. At that point, the consumer should switch to purchasing oranges until the budget is exhausted.

For example, let's assume that the marginal utility of the first apple is 10, and the marginal utility of the first orange is 6. The consumer should purchase 10 apples, spending $10, which would provide a total utility of 100. The remaining $5 would be spent on 1.67 oranges, providing a total utility of 10.By following this strategy, the consumer maximizes total utility with a budget of $15, ensuring that each dollar spent provides the greatest level of satisfaction.

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True. Graduated payments allow borrowers to make lower payments at the beginning of the mortgage and gradually increase their payments over time.

This can be a helpful option for borrowers who expect their income to increase in the future or for those who are just starting out in their careers.

With a graduated payment plan, borrowers can take advantage of lower payments at the beginning of their mortgage when they may have less disposable income, and gradually increase their payments as they become more financially stable.

It is important to note that while graduated payments can be helpful for some borrowers, they may not be the best option for everyone, and borrowers should carefully consider their financial situation and goals before selecting a payment plan.

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The interest Margo will pay on a loan of $500 with an annual interest rate of 7% will be $17.50.

1. Convert the annual interest rate to a decimal:

Divide the annual interest rate (7%) by 100. This gives us 0.07.

2. Determine the interest for the entire year:

Multiply the loan amount ($500) by the decimal interest rate (0.07). This results in $35.

3. Calculate the interest for 6 months:

Since the interest is calculated after 6 months, we need to find the interest for half a year. Divide the annual interest ($35) by 2. This gives us $17.50.

So, Margo will pay $17.50 in interest after 6 months on her $500 loan with a 7% annual interest rate.

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If you were to total your car in an accident at which you are at fault, your insurance company is likely to pay $0 to repair your car. This is because:

1. The type of insurance coverage you have: If you only have liability insurance, it will not cover the cost of repairing your own car. Liability insurance is designed to pay for the damages you cause to other people's property or injuries you may cause in an accident.

To cover the cost of repairing or replacing your own vehicle, you need collision or comprehensive coverage.

2. The deductible: Even if you have collision or comprehensive coverage, you will still have to pay the deductible amount specified in your policy before your insurance company will cover any repair costs. If the deductible is higher than the cost of repairing your car, the insurance company will not pay anything.

3. Depreciated value: If your car is considered "totaled" in an accident, meaning the cost of repairs exceeds a certain percentage of the car's value (usually around 70-75%), your insurance company will not pay for repairs. Instead, they will offer a settlement based on the actual cash value (ACV) of your car before the accident, minus your deductible.

To summarize, if you are at fault in an accident and total your car, your insurance company is likely to pay $0 to repair your car due to the type of coverage you have, the deductible amount, and the depreciated value of your vehicle.

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The deposit by First National Bank of Bangor, Maine into its account at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston will cause vault cash to remain unchanged and the monetary base to increase by $2 million, assuming a reserve ratio of 10%.

Assuming a reserve ratio of 10%, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston will hold onto $200,000 of the deposit as required reserves, and the remaining $1.8 million will become excess reserves. The bank may lend out these excess reserves, which can increase the money supply.

Since the deposit does not affect the total amount of currency in circulation, the vault cash will remain unchanged.

However, the deposit will increase the monetary base by $2 million, as the monetary base consists of currency in circulation plus bank reserves. The deposit increases bank reserves, which in turn increases the monetary base.

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Based on the scenario, the actions to be taken to counter shoppers' behavior would be to revaluate your offerings and update of marketing strategy.

The two actions you should take are:

1. Re-evaluate your product offerings: Given that shopper behavior has changed, it is essential to re-evaluate your products to ensure they align with current customer preferences and demands. This might involve adding new products, discontinuing outdated ones, or updating existing items to better cater to the needs of your target audience.

2. Update your marketing strategy: Since your marketing strategy has remained unchanged for a decade, it is necessary to refresh it to effectively engage your customers. Analyze your target audience's evolving preferences and habits, and update your marketing channels, messaging, and promotional offers accordingly. This can help you attract new customers and encourage existing ones to make more purchases.

By re-evaluating your product offerings and updating your marketing strategy, you can address the change in shoppers' behavior and boost your online retail business performance.

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If a large financial grant was being offered to a health facility for giving care to local vulnerable populations, I would expect the local medical centers to take the opportunity to apply for the grant and accept the responsibility of providing healthcare services to those in need.

This would involve assessing the needs of the vulnerable populations in the area and developing programs and services that address those needs. The medical centers may also need to collaborate with other community organizations and healthcare providers to ensure comprehensive care is being provided. Additionally, they would need to ensure that the grant funding is being used effectively and efficiently to maximize the impact on the vulnerable populations they serve. Overall, the local medical centers should see this as an opportunity to make a positive impact on their community and improve access to healthcare for those who need it most.

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The Operating Room (OR) department is the major source of soiled items received by the Central Service department.

This is because the OR is responsible for performing surgeries and other procedures that involve the use of medical equipment and instruments that become contaminated with bodily fluids and other materials. Once the procedure is complete, the equipment and instruments are transported to the Central Service department for cleaning, sterilization, and preparation for future use.

The Central Service department plays a critical role in maintaining the safety and effectiveness of medical equipment and instruments by ensuring that they are properly cleaned and sterilized before being used again. This involves a rigorous process that includes manual cleaning, mechanical cleaning, sterilization, and quality control checks to ensure that all items are free from contaminants and meet strict standards for performance and safety.

In addition to the OR, other departments may also contribute to the volume of soiled items received by the Central Service department, such as the emergency department, labor and delivery, and other patient care areas. However, the OR is typically the largest source of soiled items due to the high volume of surgical procedures that are performed on a daily basis.

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The correct answer is C. property. Local government agencies often place taxes together on property.

Property tax is a common source of revenue for local government agencies such as school districts, hospitals, and counties. Property taxes are based on the assessed value of real property, including land, buildings, and sometimes personal property. The tax revenue generated from property taxes is used to fund various local government services and projects, such as schools, libraries, parks, and public safety. Property tax rates and regulations vary by state and locality, and are often subject to political debates and controversies.

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Suppose a firm has a degree of financial leverage (DFL) equal to 2.0x. If the firm's EBIT is 5 percent higher than expected, then its financial return on equity (FROE) will be 10 percent higher than expected.

The financial leverage ratio is a measure of a firm's use of debt to finance its operations. A high degree of financial leverage can magnify a firm's returns, but it can also amplify its losses. The DFL shows the percentage change in the FROE for a given percentage change in EBIT. In this case, since the DFL is 2.0x, a 5 percent increase in EBIT will result in a 10 percent increase in the FROE. This means that the firm's net income will increase by 10 percent due to the additional leverage taken on by the firm. However, it is important to note that a decrease in EBIT will have the opposite effect, and result in a larger decrease in net income due to the higher degree of leverage. Overall, understanding a firm's DFL is important in evaluating the risk and potential returns of investing in a particular company. A high DFL indicates that the company is using more debt to finance its operations, which can lead to higher returns in good times, but can also result in greater losses during downturns.

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The interpretation of asset turnover ratio and financial leverage ratio can change based on whether the profit margin is positive or negative. The asset turnover ratio measures the efficiency of a company's use of its assets to generate revenue.

A high asset turnover ratio indicates that the company is generating more revenue per dollar of assets, while a low ratio suggests that the company is less efficient in generating revenue from its assets. If the profit margin is positive, a high asset turnover ratio indicates that the company is efficiently using its assets to generate revenue and is also making a profit. However, if the profit margin is negative, a high asset turnover ratio indicates that the company is generating revenue efficiently but is still not making a profit, which suggests that it may have other financial problems such as high expenses or low sales prices. Similarly, the financial leverage ratio measures the amount of debt a company has relative to its equity. A high financial leverage ratio indicates that the company has more debt relative to its equity, which increases the company's risk. If the profit margin is positive, a high financial leverage ratio indicates that the company is effectively using debt to generate higher profits. However, if the profit margin is negative, a high financial leverage ratio indicates that the company is taking on too much debt, which increases the risk of financial distress. In conclusion, the interpretation of asset turnover ratio and financial leverage ratio can change based on whether the profit margin is positive or negative, and investors should consider all these factors when evaluating a company's financial health.

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The term that completes the first part of the sentence is "spread". The spread effect refers to the fact that fixed costs, such as rent and equipment, do not change with the level of output.

As output increases, fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units, resulting in a lower per-unit cost. This leads to a decrease in average fixed cost as output rises. The spread effect is an important concept in economics as it explains why companies with large output levels are often able to produce goods or services at a lower cost than smaller companies.

By spreading their fixed costs over a larger output, these companies are able to achieve economies of scale and achieve a competitive advantage in the marketplace. It is important to note that while the spread effect can lead to lower average fixed costs, it does not necessarily guarantee profitability.

Other factors such as variable costs, competition, and market demand must also be considered when analyzing a company's overall financial performance.

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As a research analyst, Jason should ensure that his final report includes several key components. Firstly, he should provide an executive summary that briefly outlines the study's purpose, methodology, key findings, and recommendations.

This summary should be concise, clear, and informative, highlighting the most important aspects of the research. Secondly, Jason should provide a detailed description of the study's methodology, including the sample size, data collection methods, and statistical techniques used. This section should be transparent and detailed enough for other researchers to replicate the study if they wish to. Thirdly, Jason should present the study's findings in a clear and organized manner, using tables, charts, and graphs where appropriate. He should also provide a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data, identifying key patterns and trends and explaining their significance. Fourthly, Jason should discuss the study's limitations and potential sources of bias, acknowledging any weaknesses in the research design or data collection process. He should also suggest directions for future research that could address these limitations. Finally, Jason should provide practical recommendations based on the study's findings, outlining specific actions that organizations or policymakers could take to improve consumer perceptions and attitudes. These recommendations should be evidence-based and clearly linked to the research findings.

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Because an inverse relationship exists between the price and the quantity demanded the price elasticity of demand is negative

When the price of a good or service increases, the quantity demanded typically decreases and vice versa. This relationship is the basis for calculating the price elasticity of demand, which measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price.

While the price elasticity of demand can be negative, it cannot be zero because even small changes in price can affect the quantity demanded.

For example, if the price of a product increases slightly, consumers may still continue to purchase it, but at a reduced quantity.  The price elasticity of demand can be calculated using a formula that divides the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price.

This allows businesses to better understand how changes in price will impact demand for their product.

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The buyer in ordinary course of business (BIOC) status is available against the perfection of a security interest only in certain conditions.

Some of them are-

1. The buyer purchases the goods in good faith, without any knowledge of the security interest or any violation of the rights of the secured party.
2. The buyer purchases the goods in the ordinary course of business from a seller who is in the business of selling goods of that kind.
3. The secured party has not filed a financing statement or otherwise perfected their security interest in the goods before the sale.

In summary, the BIOC status protects a buyer from claims by a secured party only if they meet these three conditions: good faith purchase, buying from a seller in the ordinary course of business, and the absence of a perfected security interest before the Sale.

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The key challenges and marketing issues Andrea Torres must address at this time include market segmentation, product positioning, and competition analysis, as these are critical to the success of the new product line.

Andrea Torres needs to conduct market research to identify the target market and segment it based on demographics, psychographics, and behavior.

She should also determine how the new product line will be positioned in the market and identify the unique selling proposition. Finally, she needs to analyze the competition to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the product line in relation to the competition.

Addressing these issues will help ensure that the new product line is successful in the market.

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It is True that global standardization of products can lead to problems with manufacturing and can reduce economies of scale.

This is because even though global standardization of products can offer many benefits, it can also bring about various challenges for manufacturers.

Global standardization refers to the process of developing uniform guidelines or criteria for products, services, or processes to ensure consistency across the world. ISO standards for quality management and environmental management are some of the examples of global standards.

The following are some of the challenges of global standardization:

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The substitution effect of supply  this price increase will motivate consumers to look for alternative options to fulfill their need for citrus fruits.

For instance, they may turn to other fruits such as lemons or grapefruits that can provide a similar nutritional value as oranges. Consumers may also seek to substitute oranges with other foods that are less expensive but provide similar nutrients, such as bananas or apples. This substitution effect can be seen as consumers adjust their consumption patterns based on the changes in the market prices.

The substitution effect may also lead to a shift in demand for other goods and services that complement oranges, such as orange juice, marmalade, or candy. As the price of oranges increases, consumers may choose to purchase these complementary goods instead, leading to an increase in demand for them.

In conclusion, the decrease in the supply of oranges and the resulting increase in the price of oranges will motivate consumers to substitute oranges with alternative options, leading to a shift in demand for other goods and services that complement oranges.

This substitution effect is a natural response to changes in market prices and can have a significant impact on the overall demand and supply dynamics in the market.

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By sharing common goals, buyers and vendors can pool their strengths and abilities to exploit potential opportunities. It is important for both parties to work towards the same objective in order to achieve mutual success. While it may be possible for a partnership to succeed without coordinating systems, having a clear understanding of each other's processes and procedures can streamline the relationship and improve efficiency.

On the other hand, if the long-term results of the relationship are seen as insignificant, it is unlikely that either party will be motivated to invest the necessary time and resources into the partnership. Additionally, miscalculating the cost of merchandise can lead to financial strain and strained relationships between the buyer and vendor. It is therefore important for both parties to have a clear understanding of pricing and expectations before entering into a partnership.

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Some high-income countries that have experienced slow economic growth in the past include Japan, Italy, and Greece.

Japan, Italy, and Greece are examples of high-income countries that have experienced slow economic growth in the past. There can be several reasons for slow economic growth in a country, including demographic changes, low productivity growth, excessive regulations, high debt levels, political instability, and a lack of innovation. In Japan, an aging population and declining birth rates have contributed to a shrinking workforce and a decline in consumer spending. Italy has struggled with a large public debt, a lack of structural reforms, and a weak banking sector. Greece faced a severe debt crisis in 2010, resulting in a prolonged recession and high levels of unemployment. These factors, among others, can contribute to slow economic growth in a country.

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Construction in Progress (CIP) represents inventory that is valued at incurred cost. This is because CIP is an asset account that represents the costs of construction activities that have not yet been completed or transferred to a fixed asset account. As such, it is valued at the costs incurred to date.

The accounting treatment of CIP depends on whether the performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time. If the performance obligation is satisfied over time, the costs incurred in relation to that obligation are recognized as expenses over time as the work progresses. CIP is then used to accumulate these costs until the asset is ready for use or sale. In this case, the inventory is valued at incurred cost.

On the other hand, if the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, the costs incurred up to that point are recognized as an expense and the remaining costs are capitalized as inventory. In this case, the inventory would be valued at a lower cost or market or net realizable value, depending on the accounting method used. However, as your question assumes that the performance obligation is satisfied over time, the correct answer is incurred cost.

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The choice of index was made based on careful consideration of the institution's investment objectives and the specific market segments they wish to target.

There are three main indexes that are mentioned in the chapter, which are the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), the Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500), and the Nasdaq Composite. However, it is unclear which of these indexes are specifically used at CUNY-York College as it can vary depending on the institution and their preferences. In general, the choice of index at a campus or institution can depend on a variety of factors, such as the types of investments being made, the goals of the institution's investment strategy, and the preferences of the investors themselves. For example, if an institution is looking for a broad representation of the overall stock market, they may choose to use the S&P 500 index as it includes a larger number of companies than the DJIA. Alternatively, if the institution is primarily focused on technology stocks, they may choose to use the Nasdaq Composite index. Without more specific information about the investment strategy and goals of CUNY-York College, it is difficult to determine which index they may be using. However, it is likely that the choice of index was made based on careful consideration of the institution's investment objectives and the specific market segments they wish to target.

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A growing gap between GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and NDP (Net Domestic Product) indicates an increasing obsolescence/depreciation of capital goods.

GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country, while NDP takes into account the depreciation of capital goods.

When the gap between these two metrics widens, it suggests that the rate of depreciation or obsolescence of capital goods is rising, possibly due to factors such as technological advancements or wear and tear.

Conversely, a shrinking gap between GDP and NDP suggests a decrease in obsolescence/depreciation of capital goods, while a constant gap indicates a stable rate of depreciation.

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A relationship that depends on the basic behavior of consumers and firms and remains unchanged over long periods is called a stable relationship.

In a stable relationship, the expectations, preferences, and behaviors of both consumers and firms remain constant, leading to a predictable and consistent pattern of interactions. This type of relationship is often seen in industries with high barriers to entry, where the market structure is relatively stable and the competitive landscape is well established. Additionally, stable relationships are often characterized by a high degree of trust and mutual dependence between consumers and firms, as both parties rely on each other to meet their respective needs and goals.

However, it's important to note that while stable relationships may persist for extended periods, they are not necessarily static and can evolve over time as external factors such as changes in technology, regulations, or consumer preferences come into play.

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the income statement for Hansen Realty for the year ended December 31, 2020:Net Income: Gross profit($30,352) - Total expenses($28,000)= Net income: $2,352

Income refers to the money or earnings that an individual or business receives from various sources, such as wages, salaries, investments, or profits. It is a crucial factor in determining one's standard of living and financial well-being.

An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement, is a financial report that shows a company's revenues, expenses, and net income over a specific period. It provides insights into a company's profitability and financial performance.

According to the given information:

the income statement for Hansen Realty for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Hansen Realty Income Statement for the Year Ended December 31, 2020
Revenue:
Total sales revenue: $50,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Beginning Inventory: $1,261
+ Purchases: $20,000
- Ending Inventory: $1,613
= Cost of goods sold: $19,648
Gross Profit:
Total sales revenue: $50,000
- Cost of goods sold: $19,648
= Gross profit: $30,352
Expenses:
Rent: $8,000
Utilities: $2,500
Salaries and Wages: $12,000
Insurance: $3,000
Advertising and Marketing: $2,500
Total expenses: $28,000
Net Income:
Gross profit: $30,352
- Total expenses: $28,000
= Net income: $2,352

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