To determine the effect of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity on the temperature distribution in a solid, consider a material for which this dependence may be represented as K=K1+aT.
Temperature and conductivity is inversely related as temeprature increases ,thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity decrease. Thermal conductivity is related linearly so it decrease with increasing temperature. At high temperature, thermal diffusivity and conductivity approach constant.
Given that
k = ko + aT
From Fourier law
Heat transfer per unit volume given as
x measured from left hand side of wall.
By integrating
qdx=-(ko + aT)dT
When a = 0 :
qx=-koT+C
This is become straight line.
When a > 0 :
dT/dX= increase
K decrease when x is increases.
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A 14.9 kg mass attached to a spring scale rests on a smooth, horizontal surface. The spring scale, attached to the front end of a boxcar, reads T = 50 N when the car is in motion. If the spring scale reads zero when the car is at rest, determine the acceleration of the car, when it is in motion as indicated above. Answer in units of m/s 2 .
What would be the reading on the scale if the boxcar were moving at a constant velocity?
1. T
2. There is not enough information given to tell which is correct.
3. less than T, but greater than 0 N
4. 0 N
5. greater than T
Constant velocity refers to the motion of an object that moves in a straight line with a constant speed, i.e., it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Velocity is a vector quantity that has both magnitude (speed) and direction. So, an object moving with a constant velocity must maintain a constant speed and move in a straight line without changing its direction.
An example of an object moving with a constant velocity is a car driving on a long straight road without accelerating or changing its direction. Another example is a ball thrown horizontally with a constant speed, assuming air resistance is negligible.
An object with changing velocity is said to be accelerating, either by changing speed or direction. This means that an object moving with constant velocity has no net force acting upon it, as according to Newton's First Law of Motion, an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force.
The reading on the spring scale when the boxcar is in motion indicates the tension force in the spring scale, which is equal to the net force acting on the attached mass. In this case, the only force acting on the mass is the tension force in the spring scale, since the mass rests on a smooth, horizontal surface and there is no other external force acting on it. Therefore,
[tex]T = m*a[/tex]
where T is the tension force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration of the boxcar.
Substituting the given values,
[tex]50 N = (14.9 kg)*a[/tex]
Solving for a
[tex]a = 3.36 m/s^2[/tex]
Therefore, the acceleration of the boxcar when it is in motion is [tex]3.36 m/s^2[/tex].
When the boxcar is moving at a constant velocity, the acceleration is zero, which means the net force on the attached mass is also zero. Therefore, the reading on the spring scale would be zero in this case. So, the correct answer is 0 N.
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Was Pons and Fleischmann’s work an example of “good” science? Using the evidence from above, explain your answer, citing the text.
Pons and Fleischmann's work on cold fusion was controversial, and there is no clear consensus on whether it can be considered "good" science.
On one hand, their findings were not replicable, and the scientific community was skeptical of their claims. Additionally, they announced their discovery before it had been peer-reviewed or subjected to further testing, which violated established scientific protocols.However, some argue that their work was an important step in exploring the possibility of cold fusion and should not be dismissed outright. They did conduct experiments and make observations, and their work sparked further research into the phenomenon. Ultimately, whether their work was "good" science may depend on one's perspective and criteria for evaluating scientific research.To know more about science visit:
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Match each type of energy with the correct definition.
Instructions
Chemical energy
Electrostatic energy
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
- Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
- Energy stored in the structure of a compound
- Energy resulting from the interaction of charged particles
Chemical energy - Energy stored in the structure of a compound.
Electrostatic energy - Energy resulting from the interaction of charged particles.
Thermal energy - Energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules
Kinetic energy - Energy associated with the movement of an object.
Potential energy - Energy stored in an object due to its position are the definitions for various types of energy.
What is Thermal energy?Thermal energy (also known as heat energy) is the energy generated by the movement of molecules in a substance. This energy is released when the molecules of a substance vibrate, move, and interact.
Examples of thermal energy include the heat generated from a campfire, the warmth of the sun, and the heat produced by an electric heater.
Types of thermal energy include:
1. Radiant energy: This type of thermal energy is created by the sun and other heat sources that emit electromagnetic radiation and is transferred through space.
2. Conduction energy: This type of thermal energy is created when two objects that have different temperatures come into contact, and heat is transferred from the hotter object to the cooler object.
3. Convection energy: This type of thermal energy is created when hot air rises and cold air falls, causing movement of the air and heat transfer.
4. Adiabatic energy: This type of thermal energy is created when a gas or liquid is compressed or expanded, and heat is transferred as a result of the change in pressure.
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A frictional force f provides the centripetal force as a car goes around an unbanked curve of radius R at speed V . Later, the car encounters a similar curve, except of radius 0.5 R , and the driver continues around this curve at the same speed V . In order to make this second curve, the frictional force on the car must be equal to In order to make this second curve, the frictional force on the car must be equal to . a. 1/4 f b. 2 f c. 0.5 f d. f
To produce the second curve, two times as much frictional force is needed as to make the first curve. It is best to choose option B.
The centripetal force required to keep a car moving in a circle of radius R at speed V is given by:
F = mv²/R
where m is the mass of the car.
In the first case, the frictional force f provides this centripetal force, so we have:
f = mv²/R
In the second case, the radius of the curve is 0.5 R, so the centripetal force required to keep the car moving at the same speed V is:
F' = mv²/(0.5R) = 2mv²/R
In order to make the second curve, the frictional force on the car must be equal to:
f' = F' = 2mv²/R
So the frictional force required is two times of force required to make the first curve.
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A truck with a mass of 2725 kg is being towed by a rope held at a 23degree angle from the horizontal. A fiction force of 375N opposes the cars motion. If the truck accelerates fro 2.2m/s to 10. 2 m/s in 11 s. What is the tension in the tow rope?
The tension in the tow rope is 2524 N.
Tension calculation explained.To solve this problem, we need to use Newton's second law: F = ma, where F is the net force acting on the truck, m is the mass of the truck, and a is the acceleration of the truck.
We can break down the forces acting on the truck into horizontal and vertical components. The tension in the tow rope provides the horizontal force, while the weight of the truck provides the vertical force.
The weight of the truck can be calculated as:
w = mg = (2725 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = 26735 N
The vertical component of the tension force is equal in magnitude to the weight of the truck:
T sin 23 = w
T = w / sin 23 = 26735 N / sin 23 = 111208 N
The friction force acting against the motion of the truck is:
Ff = 375 N
The horizontal component of the tension force is responsible for accelerating the truck:
T cos 23 - Ff = ma
where a = (vf - vi) / t = (10.2 m/s - 2.2 m/s) / 11 s = 0.727 m/s^2
Substituting the known values, we get:
T cos 23 - 375 N = (2725 kg)(0.727 m/s^2)
T cos 23 = 1981 N + 375 N
T cos 23 = 2356 N
T = 2356 N / cos 23 = 2524 N
Therefore, the tension in the tow rope is approximately 2524 N using newton second law of motion.
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How far up the ladder can bob climb before it slips at the bottom
Bob can climb 2.68 m up the ladder before he slips.
How far up the ladder can bob climb?Assume that the system is in equilibrium when the person is at the highest point L meters from the top of the ladder (measured along the ladder).
The force of friction:
f = μFn
The resultant normal force on the person;
N = μFn = μ (F + W)
The torque around the lower end of the ladder;
Wcosθ(L/2) + Fcosθ(L - x) - NLsinθ = 0
Substitute the value of the value of the normal force
Wcosθ(L/2) + Fcosθ(L - x) - μ (F + W)Lsinθ = 0
where;
W is the weight of Bob = 80 kg x 9.8 m/s² = 784 NF is the weight of the ladder = 20 kg x 9.8 m/s² = 196 Nθ is the inclination of the ladderL is the length of the ladder = 10 m784 cos(60)( 10/2) + 196 cos(60)(10 - x) - 0.2(196 + 784) x 10 x sin(60) = 0
1960 + 980 - 98x - 1,697.36 = 0
1,242.64 - 98x = 0
98x = 1,242.64
x = 1,242.64/98
x = 12.68
12.68 m - 10 m = 2.68 m
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looking at error instrumental error the actual value of the mass of the object, called a calibration mass, is 250.0 g. below, calculate the difference of each measurement from the actual value. use negative symbols if the measured mass is less than the actual mass. is there any pattern to the difference? yes no difference from actual value balance 2 253.135 g 253.131 g 253.133 g 253.130 g 253.132 g 253.130 g 253.131 g 253.136 g 253.133 g 253.134 g
To calculate the difference between each measurement and the actual value of 250.0 g, we subtract 250.0 g from each measured value. The results are:
How to calculate actual value ?Balance 2:
253.135 g - 250.0 g = +3.135 g
253.131 g - 250.0 g = +3.131 g
253.133 g - 250.0 g = +3.133 g
253.130 g - 250.0 g = +3.130 g
253.132 g - 250.0 g = +3.132 g
253.130 g - 250.0 g = +3.130 g
253.131 g - 250.0 g = +3.131 g
253.136 g - 250.0 g = +3.136 g
253.133 g - 250.0 g = +3.133 g
253.134 g - 250.0 g = +3.134 g
As we can see, all the differences are positive, which means that all the measured values are greater than the actual value. There does not seem to be a clear pattern to the differences, but they are all relatively small, with a maximum difference of 3.136 g. This suggests that the balance is fairly accurate, but it may be possible to improve the precision by taking more measurements and averaging the results.To know more about actual value , check out :
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Analog Measurement: You use the following ruler to measure the length of your shoelace and find the length to be 17.6 cm or 7.0 in. Using the pkinciple of "least count," what is the uncertainty on each of your measurements (in both cm and in)?
Using the principle of 'least count', the uncertainty on the each of your measurements (in both cm and in) 0.1 cm.
According to the concept of significant figures, the last digit is considered to be the uncertain digit in a measurement. Significant figures are generally used for establishment of a number which is presented in the form of digits. These digits give a lot of meaningful representation to the numbers.
The significant figures are the most significant digits that convey the meaning according to the accuracy. These provide provides a proper precision to the numbers and hence are called as significant numbers. There are numerous rules for counting significant figures which are as follows:
1)All non-zero digits are significant.
2)All zeroes which essentially occur between non-zero digits are significant.
3)All zeroes to the left and right of any non-zero digit are not significant.
4) All zeroes on right of decimal are significant if a non-zero number follows them.
5)All zeroes on right side of non-zero digit are significant.
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The uncertainty on the length of the shoelace is 0.05 cm or 0.03125 in, depending on which unit is used.
The principle of least count states that the uncertainty in a measurement is equal to half the smallest division on the measuring tool. The ruler has two scales, one in centimeters and the other in inches.
The smallest division on the centimeter scale is 1 mm, which means the uncertainty is half of that, or 0.5 mm. Converting to centimeters, the uncertainty is 0.05 cm.
The smallest division on the inch scale is 1/16 inch, which means the uncertainty is half of that, or 1/32 inch. Converting to inches, the uncertainty is 0.03125 in.
Therefore, the uncertainty on the length of the shoelace is 0.05 cm or 0.03125 in, depending on which unit is used.
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the lowest note on a grand piano has a frequency of 27.5 hzhz. the entire string is 2.00 mm long and has a mass of 400 gg. the vibrating section of the string is 1.90 mm long.part awhat tension is needed to tune this string properly?express your answer with the appropriate units.activate to select the appropriates template from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value typeactivate to select the appropriates symbol from the following choices. operate up and down arrow for selection and press enter to choose the input value typetsts
We can use the wave equation for a vibrating string to relate the tension in the string to its frequency and other properties:
How to use the wave equation?f = (1/2L) * sqrt(T/μ)
where f is the frequency, L is the length of the vibrating section of the string, T is the tension, and μ is the linear mass density (mass per unit length) of the string.We can rearrange this equation to solve for T:T = (4L^2 * μ * f^2)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
L = 1.90 mm = 0.00190 m
μ = (mass/length) = 400 g / 2.00 mm = 200 g/m = 0.200 kg/m
f = 27.5 Hz
T = (4 * 0.00190^2 * 0.200 * 27.5^2) = 24.4 N
Therefore, a tension of 24.4 N is needed to tune this string properly.
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Explain the location, function, and main components of the continental shelf, continental shelf break,
continental slope, abyssal plains, oceanic trenches, and submarine canyons.
Answer:34
Explanation: you need to use a calulatoe
Every star is part of a constellation and is assigned a Greek letter within the constellation. Many stars still bear ancient Arabic names. Based on how astronomers refer to stars, select all of the correct statements from the following list.
-The star in a constellation is usually brighter than the B star.
-All stars are part of some constellation.
-A star with an ancient Arabic name is probably relatively bright.
Based on the astronomers definition of stars, All stars are part of some constellation. Only the statement II is correct.
All stars visible from Earth are part of a constellation, which is a region of the sky defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The IAU has divided the sky into 88 official constellations, each with its own boundaries and set of stars. Astronomers use the constellations as a way to locate and identify stars and other celestial objects in the night sky.
The brightness of a star is not necessarily related to its position or designation within a constellation, so the first statement is not correct. Also, the presence or absence of an Arabic name is not an indication of a star's brightness, so the third statement is not correct.
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--The complete question is, Every star is part of a constellation and is assigned a Greek letter within the constellation. Many stars still bear ancient Arabic names. Based on how astronomers refer to stars, select all of the correct statements from the following list.
I The star in a constellation is usually brighter than the B star.
II All stars are part of some constellation.
III A star with an ancient Arabic name is probably relatively bright.--
Household electricity is supplied in the form of alternating current that varies from 155 V to -155 V with a frequency of 60 cycles per second (Hz). The voltage is thus given by the equation E(t) = 155 sin(120πt) where t is the time in seconds. Voltmeters read the RMS (root-mean-square) voltage, which is the square root of the average value of [E(t)]^2 over one cycle. Many electric stoves require an RMS voltage of 220 V. Find the corresponding amplitude A needed for the voltage E(t) = A sin(120πt).
The normal 110-volt household alternating current has a frequency of 60 Hz and ranges from +155 V to -155 V. (cycles per second).
What kind of current, capable of 120 direction changes per second, is used in home electrical outlets?The periodic direction change in the flow of electricity is referred to as alternating current. The voltage level consequently reverses as well as the current. To supply electricity to homes, offices, etc., AC is employed.
Why are home appliances linked in series rather than parallel toward the 120 V transmission line?Each appliance can be turned on and off separately when linked in a parallel configuration. This is a quality that every home's wiring must have. Each appliance receives a rating.
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A free electron is suspended in an electric field near the surface of the Earth.a. Give an expression for the magnitude of this electric field assuming the electron is stationary, in terms of the mass me� and charge e of the electron, and the gravitational acceleration g.b. What is the magnitude of this electric field, in N/C, assuming the electron is stationary?c. What does the small value for this field imply regarding the relative strength of the gravitational and electrostatic interaction?
a. The expression for magnitude of this electric field assuming the electron is stationary, in terms of the mass me, charge e of the electron, and the gravitational acceleration g is E = m g/q.
b. Magnitude of electric field is calculated to be 5.59 × 10⁻¹¹ N/C.
c. The small value for this field implies that the gravitational and electrostatic interaction are relatively weak.
a. We know that, Fe = Fg
where,
Fe is electrostatic force
Fg is gravitational force
Fe = Fg
q E = m g
where,
q is charge
m is mass
E is electric field
g is gravity
So, the expression of electric field is E = m g/q
b. E = m g/q = (9.11× 10⁻³¹)(9.81)/(1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹) = 55.86 × 10⁻¹² N/C
c. The small value of electric field indicates that the force is relatively very weak between the gravitational and electrostatic interactions.
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What is the wavelength of light in which a photon has energy 600 eV?
Answer:
The energy of a photon (E) is related to its wavelength (λ) through the equation E = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant and c is the speed of light.
To find the wavelength of light with a photon energy of 600 eV, we can rearrange the equation to solve for λ:
λ = hc/E
Plugging in the values of h, c, and E in electron volts (1 eV = 1.602 x 10^-19 J), we get:
λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) x (2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / (600 x 1.602 x 10^-19 J)
Simplifying, we get:
λ ≈ 2.06 x 10^-9 m or 2.06 nm
Therefore, the wavelength of light in which a photon has energy 600 eV is approximately 2.06 nm.
Answer:20.6 nm!!
Explanation:
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You are climbing in the High Sierra where you suddenly find yourself at the edge of a fog-shrouded cliff. To find the height of this cliff, you drop a rock from the top and 9.30s later hear the sound of it hitting the ground at the foot of the cliff.
Part A
Ignoring air resistance, how high is the cliff if the speed of sound is 330 m/s?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
h =
The height of the cliff when the time taken to hear the sound is given is calculated to be 316.98 m.
Let us assume the height of the cliff to be h.
t is the time taken by the stone to reach the ground
Time taken to hear the sound is 9.3 s.
Time taken by the sound to reach the height of the cliff = 9.3 - t
Speed of sound in air is given as = 330 m/s
For the stone falling, the height is given by,
h = u t + 1/2 g t²
h = (0)t + 1/2 (9.81) t² = 4.905 t²
The distance travelled by the sound is,
d = s t
where,
s is speed
t is time
d = s t = 330 × (9.3 - t)
As the distance travelled by the stone and sound are equal,
4.905 t² = 330 × (9.3 - t)
4.905 t² = 3069 - 330t
4.905 t² + 330 t - 3069 = 0
The values of t are, t = 8.039, -75.318
As time cannot be negative, t = 8.039 s
The height of the cliff, h = 4.905 t² = 4.905(8.039)² = 316.98 m
Thus, the height of the cliff is calculated to be 316.98 m.
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calculate the work wbc done by the electrostatic force on the charged particle as it moves from b to c.
The work done by the electrostatic force on a particle of charge q is calculated by the equation W = qE·(b-a)
The work performed by the electrostatic force on a particle with charge q can be calculated using the formula W = qE(b-a), where q is the particle's charge, E is the electric field, and a and b are the particle's starting and stopping positions.
This equation states that the work done by the electrostatic force is equal to the product of the particle charge, the electric field, and the separation between the beginning and finishing sites. This equation can be used to calculate the amount of work an electrostatic force performs on a particle, which is a fundamental concept in electrostatics.
For the equation to be valid, the electric field must be constant along the distance between points a and b. If the electric field changes, the work is calculated by integrating the equation across the entire period of the particle's motion.
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What is (Fnet3)X ( the x-component of the net force exerted by these two charges) on a third charge q3 = 51.0 nC placed between q1 and q2 at X3 = -1.195 m ?
We can use Coulomb's law to calculate the net force on q3 due to q1 and q2, and then take the x-component of that net force.
The force on q3 due to q1 is given by:
What is coulomb's law?F1 = k * (q1 * q3) / r1^2
where k is Coulomb's constant, q1 is the charge on q1, q3 is the charge on q3, and r1 is the distance between q1 and q3.
Similarly, the force on q3 due to q2 is given by:
F2 = k * (q2 * q3) / r2^2
where q2 is the charge on q2, and r2 is the distance between q2 and q3.
The net force on q3 is the vector sum of F1 and F2:
Fnet3 = F1 + F2
To find the x-component of Fnet3, we need to multiply the magnitude of Fnet3 by the cosine of the angle between Fnet3 and the x-axis. Since we are only interested in the x-component, we can use the x-components of F1 and F2:Fnet3,x = F1,x + F2,x
= (F1 * cos(theta1)) + (F2 * cos(theta2))
where theta1 is the angle between F1 and the x-axis, and theta2 is the angle between F2 and the x-axis.
The distances r1 and r2 can be calculated using the distance formula:
r1 = sqrt((X3 - X1)^2 + Y1^2)
r2 = sqrt((X3 - X2)^2 + Y2^2)
where X1 and X2 are the x-coordinates of q1 and q2, Y1 and Y2 are their y-coordinates, and X3 is the x-coordinate of q3.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
r1 = sqrt((-1.195 m - 0.250 m)^2 + 0^2) = 0.945 m
r2 = sqrt((-1.195 m + 0.250 m)^2 + 0^2) = 1.195 m
And we can use the x-component of the unit vector in the x-direction to get the cosine terms:cos(theta1) = 1/sqrt(2)
cos(theta2) = -1/sqrt(2)
Plugging in all the values, we get:F1 = (9.0 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (-2.40 nC * 51.0 nC) / (0.945 m)^2 = -2.275 x 10^-4 N
F2 = (9.0 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) * (3.60 nC * 51.0 nC) / (1.195 m)^2 = 1.482 x 10^-4 N
Fnet3,x = (F1 * cos(theta1)) + (F2 * cos(theta2))
= (-2.275 x 10^-4 N * 1/sqrt(2)) + (1.482 x 10^-4 N * -1/sqrt(2))
= -3.98 x 10^-5 N
Therefore, the x-component of the net force on q3 is -3.98 x 10^-5 N.
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2. A photon with an energy of 1.64x10-13 J has just enough energy to create an electron-positron pair. What is the rest mass of the electron?
The rest mass of the electron would be 1.82x10^-30 kg.
Rest mass calculationThe rest mass of the electron can be calculated using the formula:
E = mc^2
where E is the energy of the photon, m is the rest mass of the electron, and c is the speed of light.
Rearranging the formula, we get:
m = E/c^2
Substituting the given values, we get:
m = (1.64x10^-13 J) / (3x10^8 m/s)^2
m = 1.82x10^-30 kg
Therefore, the rest mass of the electron is 1.82x10^-30 kg.
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A cube of mass 1=8.1 kg is sitting on top of a second cube of the same size and mass 2=0.5 kg while both are in free fall. Ignoring any air resistance, what is the magnitude of the normal force with which the bottom cube is acting on the top cube?
The magnitude of the normal force is 8.1 kg + 0.5 kg = 8.6 kg.
What is force ?Force is an action that is capable of changing an object's state of motion or causing a physical change. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Force is measured in units of mass multiplied by acceleration, or newtons (N). Force can cause an object to accelerate, decelerate, change direction, or stay in the same state. In Newtonian mechanics, force is simply the product of mass and acceleration. Force can also be generated through the transfer of energy, such as when a motor transfers energy to a wheel. In addition to causing physical changes, force can also cause changes in the environment, such as when wind causes the leaves of a tree to move. Force is an essential part of any physical interaction, and its effects can often be seen in everyday life.
The normal force with which the bottom cube is acting on the top cube is equal to the sum of the two individual masses, since they are in free fall and there is no force of gravity acting on either of them. Thus, the magnitude of the normal force is 8.1 kg + 0.5 kg = 8.6 kg.
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If the vector below is multiplied by 2, what will be its end point?
A. (-2,2)
B. (-2,1)
C. (-1,2)
D. (2,2)
If the vector below is multiplied by 2, option D will be its end point
How did we get the value?If a vector is multiplied by 2, its end point will be scaled up by a factor of 2. So, if the original vector has end point (x,y), its end point after being multiplied by 2 will be (2x, 2y).
Given the vector below, its end point is (1,1):
^
|
|
|
|
---+--->
After being multiplied by 2, the end point of the vector will be (2 * 1, 2 * 1) = (2, 2), which corresponds to answer choice (D).
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If the vector below is multiplied by 2, what will be its end point?
A. (-2,2)
B. (-2,1)
C. (-1,2)
D. (2,2)
The endpoint of the vector after the multiplication of 2 will be (2,2). The correct option is D.
What is a vector?In physics, a vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. It is typically represented by an arrow with the same direction as the quantity and a length proportional to the magnitude of the quantity.
Given that the vector is multiplied by the 2. The endpoint of the vector after the multiplication of 2 will be calculated as:-
The endpoint of the vector in the image is ( 1, 1 ).
Endpoint = ( 1, 1 ) x 2
Endpoint = ( 2, 2 )
Therefore, the vector's endpoint after multiplication by two will be (2,2). The correct answer is D.
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a constant force applied to a a causes a a to accelerate at 7 m/s2 m / s 2 . the same force applied to b b causes an acceleration of 4 m/s2 m / s 2 . applied to c c , it causes an acceleration of 8 m/s2 m / s 2 . part a which object has the largest mass? explain. match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
A. Object C has the largest mass, since it has the smallest acceleration. B. Object B has the smallest mass, since it has the largest acceleration. C. The ratio of mass A to mass B is: mA/mB = (force applied)/(7 m/s^2) / (force applied)/(4 m/s^2) = 7/4
We can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force applied to an object is equal to the mass of the object times its acceleration:
F = ma
where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is its acceleration.
A. For object A, we have:
F = ma
m = F/a = (force applied)/(acceleration) = (constant force)/(7 m/s²)
For object B, we have:
F = ma
m = F/a = (force applied)/(acceleration) = (constant force)/(4 m/s²)
For object C, we have:
F = ma
m = F/a = (force applied)/(acceleration) = (constant force)/(2 m/s²)
Since the same force is applied to all objects, the object with the largest mass will have the smallest acceleration, and the object with the smallest mass will have the largest acceleration. Therefore, we can conclude that:
A. Object C has the largest mass, since it has the smallest acceleration.
B. Object B has the smallest mass, since it has the largest acceleration.
C. The ratio of mass A to mass B is:
mA/mB = (force applied)/(7 m/s²) / (force applied)/(4 m/s²) = 7/4
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Complete Question: A constant force applied to object A causes it to accelerate at 7 m/s2. The same force applied to object B causes an acceleration of 4 m/s2. Applied to object C, it causes an acceleration of 2 m/s2.
A. Which object has the largest mass?B. Which object has the smallest mass?C. What is the ratio of mass A to mass B?
A simple pendulum, consists of an object suspended by a string. The object is assumed to be a particle. The string, with its top end fixed, has negligible mass and does not stretch. In the absence of air friction, the system oscillates by swinging back and forth in a vertical plane. If the string is 2.45
m
long and makes an initial angle of 26.0
∘
with the vertical, calculate the speed of the particle at the following positions.
(a) at the lowest point in its trajectory.
(b) when the angle is 15.0
∘
.
The angular speed of the pendulum is √7 rad/s.
We need to know about pendulum experiments to solve this problem. The pendulum is a simple experiment to calculate gravitational acceleration. The gravitational acceleration can be calculated by
g = 4π² . L / T²
where g is gravitational acceleration, L is the length of the string and T is the period.
From the question above, we know that:
L = 1.40 m
g = 9.8 m/s²
θmax = 31°
m = m
Find the period of pendulum
g = 4π² . L / T²
9.8 = 4π² . 1.4 / T²
T² = 4π²/7
T = 2π√7 / 7 s
Find the angular speed
ώ = 2π / T
ώ = 2π / (2π√7 / 7)
ώ = √7 rad/s.
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Wind energy is increasingly relied upon to help meet global energy needs. Wind energy can able used to generate electricity using wind turbines.
Which of the following correctly identifies the sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine?
a. Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electric Energy
b. Kinetic Energy -> Electric Energy -> Mechanical Energy
c. Electric Energy -> Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy
The correct answer is option A: Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electric Energy.
Wind energy is a form of kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. When the wind blows, it causes the blades of a wind turbine to rotate. This rotation converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then used to turn a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electric energy. This electric energy can then be used to power homes and businesses.
In summary, the sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine is as follows:
1. Kinetic Energy (from the wind)
2. Mechanical Energy (from the rotation of the turbine blades)
3. Electric Energy (from the generator)
Therefore, the correct sequence of energy conversions that occur in a wind turbine is option A: Kinetic Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electric Energy.
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A constant horizontal force F is applied to a garden roller in the form of a uniform solid cylinder of radius R and mass M. If the roller rolls without sliding on the horizontal surface, show that (a) the acceleration of the center of mass is 2F / 3M and (b) the minimum coefficient of friction necessary to avoid slip is F / 3Mg. (Hint: take the moment regarding the center of mass).
(a) The acceleration of the center of mass is 2F / 3M.
(b) The minimum coefficient of friction necessary to avoid slip is F / 3Mg.
What is the center of mass?The amount of matter that is contained in a substance or object is measured by its mass, which is a physical attribute of matter. Although the two are different amounts, they are frequently mistaken for weight. A recognized reference, such as a standard mass, can be used to compare an object's mass, which is expressed in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Because the center of mass is an inherent quality of an object, it is unaffected by location or gravitational influence. A key component of explaining the behavior of moving objects, as well as the characteristics of materials and the dynamics of the cosmos, is the concept of mass, which is basic to physics.
(a) Taking moments about the center of mass, we have:
F(R/2) - f(R/2) = 0
Simplifying, we get: f = F
Therefore, the acceleration of the center of mass can be found using the equation: F - f = Ma
where M is the mass of the roller, and a is the acceleration of the center of mass.
Substituting f = F, we get: F - F = Ma
Simplifying, we get: a = 2F/3M
Therefore, the acceleration of the center of mass is 2F/3M.
(b) To avoid slipping, the frictional force f must be greater than or equal to the force required to cause slipping, which is given by:
Fs = μsN
where μs is the coefficient of static friction, and N is the normal force.
The normal force is equal to the weight of the roller, which is Mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Substituting f = F and N = Mg, we get:
F ≥ μsMg
Dividing both sides by 3M, we get:
F/3M ≥ μs g
Therefore, the minimum coefficient of friction required to avoid slipping is F/3Mg.
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A cylinder of linearly elastic material is fixed at its base to a rigid support and connected to a roller mechanism on its top surface as shown. Determine the horizontal deflection at the top of the cylinder from the applied load: d = 18.0 in h = 20.0 in F = 8,000 lb G = 1.00 ksi
At the top of the cylinder, there is a 0.5513-inch horizontal deflection.
To solve for the horizontal deflection at the top of the cylinder,
d = (FL^3)/(3E*I)
where, d = deflection at the end of the beam
F = concentrated load
L = length of the beam
E = modulus of elasticity
I = moment of inertia
D = diameter of the cylinder (D = 2*h = 40 in)
Moment of inertia is,
I = (pi/4)*D^4
I = (pi/4)*D^4 = 62,831.8537 in^4
Length of beam is,
[tex]L = \sqrt{d^2 + h^2}\\\\ = \sqrt{(18)^2 + (20)^2}\\\\ = 27.3861 in[/tex]
Horizontal deflection,
[tex]d = \dfrac{FL^3}{3EI}\\ = \dfrac{8000 \times 27.3861^3}{3\times (1.00)\times 62,831.8537}\\\\ = 0.5513[/tex]
Therefore, the horizontal deflection at the top of the cylinder is approximately 0.5513 inches.
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Two charged soap bubbles, bubble 1 and bubble 2, are deprecated by some distance r. Bubble 2 has 8 times the charge of bubble 1. Bubble 2 exerts a force of F1-2 on bubble 2, and bubble 2 exerts a force of F2-1 on bubble 2. How does the magnitude of F1-2 compare to F2-1?
A - It’s magnitude is 8 times as large
B - The two forces have the same magnitude
C - it’s magnitude is 64 times as large
D - it’s magnitude is 1/8 as large
Considering the information from bubble 1 and bubble 2, the magnitude of F1-2 compares to F2-1 because the two forces have the same magnitude. Option B is correct.
Why do the two forces have the same magnitude?This concept can be explained by physics through Coulomb's Law, which states that the electrostatic interaction between two particles occurs the greater the magnitude of the charges and the smaller the distance between the particles, the greater the force of attraction or repulsion between the charges.
Therefore, through Coulomb's Law we can understand the interaction between charged particles and the forces exerted by them that will be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, making the magnitude of F1-2 equal to the force F2-1.
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What is the first statement of Kepler's first law?
The first statement of Kepler's first law is: "The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci."
Kepler's first law is one of three laws that describe the motion of planets around the sun. It states that the path of each planet is an ellipse, a geometric shape that looks like a stretched circle, with the sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse. This means that the distance between the planet and the sun changes as the planet moves along its elliptical path, with the closest point being the perihelion and the farthest point being the aphelion. This law helps to explain the differences in the planet's distances from the sun at different times during its orbit.
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A boat travels 12km in 10mins, and 15km in the next 10mins. Is the boat traveling at a constant speed?
The boat is not traveling at a constant speed. The boat is either accelerating or decelerating during the two intervals.
How to determine if the boat is traveling at a constant speed?First we need to compare the distance traveled with the time taken.
For the first 10 minutes, the boat travels 12 km. Therefore, its speed can be calculated as:
Speed = Distance / Time = 12 km / 10 min = 1.2 km/min
For the next 10 minutes, the boat travels 15 km. Therefore, its speed can be calculated as:
Speed = Distance / Time = 15 km / 10 min = 1.5 km/min
Therefore, Since the speeds calculated for the two intervals are different, the boat is not traveling at a constant speed. The boat is either accelerating or decelerating during the two intervals.
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The steel pipe is filled with concrete and sub- jected to a compressive load of 18 kips. Deter- mine the average normal stress in the concrete and the steel due to this loading. The pipe has an outer diameter of 3.125 in. and an inner diameter of 2.75 in. Est-29(10%) ksi, Ec-3. 6(103) ksi. 18 kips 20 in
The stress in concrete due to compressive load of 18 kips, is 6.23 MPa and stress in steel is 50.32 MPa.
For a composite bar:
1) The sum of compressive forces in each bar is equal to the total compressive force.
2) The deformation of each bar is same.
Let P₁ be the load in steel and P₂ be the load in concrete.
Then,
P₁ + P₂ = 18 kips
The inner diameter is 2.75 in.
Outer diameter is 3.125 in.
Now deformation in both concrete and steel is same:
[tex]\dfrac{P_1L}{A_1E_1} = \dfrac{P_2L}{A_2E_2}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{P_1}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} ((3.125)^2- (2.75)^2) \times 29 \times 10^3} = \dfrac{P_2}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} (2.75)^2 \times 3.6 \times 10^3}[/tex]
[tex]\dfrac{P_1}{P_2} = 2.346[/tex]
Solving the two equations,
[tex]P_2 = 5.37\ kips[/tex]
[tex]P_1 = 12.63\ kips[/tex]
Therefore stress in concrete,
[tex]\dfrac{5.37}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} (2.75)^2}[/tex] = 6.23 MPa
Therefore stress in steel,
[tex]\dfrac{12.63}{\dfrac{\pi}{4} ((3.125)^2- (2.75)^2)}[/tex] = 50.32 MPa
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--The complete question is, The steel pipe is filled with concrete and sub- jected to a compressive load of 18 kips. Determine the average normal stress in the concrete and the steel due to this loading. The pipe has an outer diameter of 3.125 in. and an inner diameter of 2.75 in. Est = 29(10^3) ksi, Ec = 3.6(10^3) ksi.--