Three species of lizard, labeled A, B, and C, are being studied using molecular analysis by two research colleagues in different laboratories. The mitochondrial DNA of lizards A and B are compared and are found to differ by 0.1%. The ribosomal RNA of lizards B and C are found to differ by 0.02%. They compare their findings and conclude that lizard B is more closely related to C than to A. What is the flaw in their reasoning, and how can their analysis be improved?

A.They applied different mathematical formulas for their computations. They should recalculate using the same formulas.
B'They compared different molecules which have different mutation rates. They should compare same molecule in the lizards.
C.They only made one measurement each. They should repeat their measurements to reduce the uncertainty in their results.
D.They used different equipment for analyzing the molecules since they work in different labs. They should work in the same lab.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct option is B

Explanation:

The biomolecule used in comparing lizards A and B is the mitochondrial DNA while that used to compare the same lizard B to another lizard C is the ribosomal RNA (rRNA). They should have compared the same biomolecules throughout by extracting the mitochondrial DNA of the three lizards and then proceed to sequence the whole genome of the lizards. After which they can now do a Global alignment (comparison) of the three sequences together. This procedure would have given them a more accurate information on there identity and similarity.


Related Questions

Which scenario would be most appropriate to study using a natural experiment? * the effects of an herbicide on human health the influence of sleep on exam performance the effects of an earthquake on blood pressure

Answers

Answer:

C. the effects of an earthquake on blood pressure

Explanation:

Natural experiments are observational studies in which participants are randomly assigned to groups that allow the researcher to draw causal relationships between an event and a factor. These experiments are used in studies where it would be unethical and unacceptable to subject human participants to such conditions. It is most times applied in epidemiological studies.

Since the researcher cannot control an earthquake which is a natural occurrence, this can be rightly described as a natural experiment. Controls are not used in this type of experiment.

An ecosystem consists of: Select one: a. All the species in a biological community b. The primary producers within a biological community c. A physical environment within which a biological community lives d. The species with which a biological community interacts e. A biological community and its physical environment

Answers

Answer: Option E.

A biological community and its physical environment

Explanation:

An ecosystem is A biological community and its physical environment because an ecosystem comprises of the living community or biological community and the non living environment i.e physical environment interacting with each other.

An ecosystem also is a community that comprises of the biotic factors( living part) and the abiotic factors(physical or non living) parts.

Examples of physical or abiotic components are wind, rain, temperature, soil, humidity, latitude e.t.c.

The biotic components comprises of the living organisms.

What is the KE of a 250kg cart as it reaches the bottom if it’s velocity was 22m/s?

Answers

Answer:

Kinetic energy = 60500 J

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass of the cart, m = 250 kg

Velocity of the cart, v = 22 m/s

We need to find the kinetic energy of the cart. This type of energy is possessed due to motion of an object. It can be given by :

[tex]E_k=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2\\\\E_k=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 250\times (22)^2\\\\E_k=60500\ J[/tex]

So, the kinetic energy of the cart is 60500 J.

In Labrador retrievers, black coat (B) color is dominant to brown (b). Suppose that a black Lab is mated with a brown one and the offspring are four black puppies and one brown puppy. What can you conclude about the genotype of the black parent

Answers

Answer:

the black parent was possibly is a litter of a black Labrdor family therfore giving a solid brown

Explanation:

a full black labrador cannot prudouce a Solid brown pup even with a brown parent you would get either a black with brown spots or brown with black spots, therefore the black parent is a liter of a black and brown litter.

In the Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle, after eggs are ingested, the next stage in the life cycle that must occur before a mature adult can live in the host's intestine is called the:

Answers

Answer:

Liver-lung migration

Explanation:

Ascaris lumbricoides is also known as round worm and humans get transmitted through contaminated food and water.

When they are ingested, the hatched larvae then penetrate into the intestinal mucosa and are carried to the liver through the portal venules and are then moved to the lungs . When they are in the lungs they rupture which results in them being coughed up and swallowed. After which they mature, mate and deposit eggs which are excreted and the cycle goes on when humans ingest food contaminated with the eggs.

They cause abdominal pain, nausea and anemia and are treated through drugs such as mebendazole.

Why is sugarcane not regarded as a stem tuber yet it stores its food in the stem?

Answers

Answer:

The stem is normally divided into nodes and inter nodes.

2. Lateral buds and leaves grow out of stem at intervals called nodes.

Explanation:

Sugarcane is not regarded as a stem tuber yet it stores its food in the stem because anything to be called a tuber has to be growing from the ground

Stem tubers, also known as genuine tubers, are underground bulbous modified stems.The stem serves as a storage center for sucrose and sugar for sugarcane.Sugarcane is not regarded as a stem tuber yet it stores its food in the stem because anything to be called a tuber has to be growing from the ground

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If a lab fire erupts, immediately *
throw water on the fire
notify your teacher
O run for the fire extinguisher
О
open the windows

Answers

Answer:

notify your teacher

Explanation:

im on that now

If a lab fire erupts, immediately we should notify our teacher. So, the correct option is (B).

What is Fire?

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, which releases heat, light, and various reaction products. This combustion reaction at certain point called ignition point where flames are produced. Flame is the visible part of fire.

Fire is sub divided into 5 classes based on their causes:

Class A Fires: “Ordinary” Fires

Class B Fires: Liquids & Gases

Class C Fires: Electrical Fires

Class D Fires: Metallic Fires

Class K Fires: Grease Fires or Cooking Fires

Laboratory fires are caused by the ignition of flammable liquid spills or vapors which spread from open containers near ignition sources such as hot plates and burners. This can be prevented by

By minimizing the amount of flammable and combustible liquids outside of flammable liquid storage cabinets. We should never store flammable and combustible liquids in the fume hood.

If this exists, we should inform our teacher first, then open the window to avoid smoke in the Laboratory and run for the fire extinguisher.

Thus, if a lab fire erupts, immediately we should notify our teacher. So, the correct option is (B).

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2. Describe the trend of tropical forest coverage over time.
Please

Answers

Over time, global climate change and more deforestation will likely lead to increased temperatures and changing rain patterns in the Amazon, which will undoubtedly affect the region's forests, water availability, biodiversity, agriculture, and human health.

Which region of the stomach is highlighted? a. body b. cardiac c. pylorus d. fundus

Answers

Answer: C. Pylorus

Explanation: In order to prevent the backflow, Pylorus is divided into two parts, the tantrum that connects it to the body to the stomach.

what is an atom made of up? write their properties​

Answers

Answer:

An atom is made up of three subatomic particles

1) electron

2) proton

3) neutron

Explanation:

ELECTRONS

1) electrons are negatively charged

2) electron revolve around the nucleus in different engery levels or shells

3) their mass is equal to that of proton

PROTONS

1) they are positively charged

2) they are present inside nucleus

3) their mass is equal to that of electron

NEUTRONS

1) they carry no charge

2) they are present inside the nucleus

Answer:

smallest particle or component  of an element  that retains the characteristic of a given element

Explanation:

Most of atom's mass is in the nucleus.

Constituents: protons, neutrons, electrons.

Electric force holds atom together.

Nuclear force holds nucleus together.

Atoms, ions.

Atomic number.

I WILL MAKE YOU BRAINLY!!! ANSWER QUESTION PLEASE AND THANK YOU!!!:)
Scientists are often faced with ethical questions, or questions of right and wrong. Which of the following are examples?

I. Mairead wants to include a hypothesis in her report, and she asks if she must give credit to the scientist who first proposed it.
II. Aiden is planning an experiment on gerbils, and he asks how large the cages should be.
III. Paula is developing a new technique for mining fossil fuels, and she asks if the technique must avoid polluting the environment.

A.
I. only

B.
I. and II. only

C.
II. and III. only

D.
I., II., and III.

Answers

Answer:

I believe the correct answer to your question is D

____________________ transmit the causative agents of babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Answers

Answer:

Rickettsia rickettsii

Explanation:

Rickettsia rickettsii is a gram negative bacteria that causes Rocky mountain spotted fever,babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever.

It is transmitted to humans through mites and tick bites and the infected feces of lives and tick.

They enter the body through the skin and spread to the blood stream, brain, lungs and to some vital body organs.

Some of the symptoms of theses diseases are headache, fever, rash, vomiting, nausea, pain e.t.c.

Doxycycline is use to treat theses diseases.

What effect has breast cancer research had on society? People who have gene mutations have more treatment options. People now face an increased risk of breast cancer. The complete history of breast cancer is now known. Breast cancer research has no impact outside of a lab.How many amino acids are found in living organisms?

Answers

Answer:

1# Questions: People who have gene mutations have more treatment options.

2# Question: 20 amino acids

Explanation:

in one or two sentences, describe how the terms in each of the following pairs are related. Underline each term in your answer.

Answers

Explanation:

6) Unicellular is an organism with one cell, while multicellular is an organism with multiple. Both of them create organisms/living things.

7) Organelles are located in the cell and perform certain jobs.

8) Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells and Eukaryotes are also organisms made up of cells.

9) Tissues come together to create organs, organs work together to help bodily functions.

In the hierarchy of biological organization, an organ is composed of several ______ interacting and working together.

Answers

Answer:

tissues

Explanation:

Tissues(made of cells with specific functions)make organs

In the hierarchy of biological organization, an organ is composed of several tissues interacting and working together.

What are tissues?

Tissue is basically a group of or collection of cells with somewhat identical structures that work together as a unit.

The intercellular matrix is basically a nonliving material that encompass the spaces in between the cells. This may be profound in some tissues while being scarce in others.

Tissue is classified into major four kinds namely connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Connective tissue supports as well as connects other tissues (bone, blood, and lymph tissues). Epithelial tissue serves as a protective layer.

An organ is a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional area specialized to take part in a specific function in biology. Organs include your heart, kidneys, and lungs.

Thus, the answer is tissues.

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eral
Column A is on the X axis, and Column B is on the axis
Which titles should replace A and B?
Column A should be "Time," and Column B should be
"Position
Column A should be "Position and Column B should be
"Time.
Column A should be Velocity and Column B should be
"Speed."
Column A should be Speed." and Column B should be
Velocity

Answers

Complete question: The chart shows the movement of a ball after several seconds.

Column A is on the x-axis, and Column B is on the y-axis. Which titles should replace A and B?

a. Column A should be “Time,” and Column B should be “Position.”

b. Column A should be “Position,” and Column B should be “Time.”

c. Column A should be “Velocity,” and Column B should be “Speed.”

d. Column A should be “Speed,” and Column B should be “Velocity.”

Answer:

Column A should be "Time," and Column B should be  "Position"

Explanation:

In general, the first column always refers to the x-axis, this is the independent variables. While the second column refers to the y-axis, the dependent variables.

Option A) names Time and Position to the columns. This seems to be correct as time is an independent variable, while the ball position depends on time. The x-axes is named "time", and the Y-axes is named "ball position".

Option B) is not possible because the Position is not the independent variable, and time is not the dependent variable.

Option C) and D) are not possible, as both of them are variables that depend on time.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

HELP ME!!!!!


Part 4: Types of Currents (6 points)

Match the type of current with the correct definition: Tidal Currents, Surface Ocean Currents or Coastal Currents (1 point each)

16. ____________________________________ are driven by the winds in the open ocean.


17. _____________________________________ occur with the rise and fall of the tide.


18. _____________________________________ are created by the interaction of wind, waves, and land formations.

Answers

Answer:

16. Tidal Currents 17. Ocean Currents 18. Coastal Currents

Explanation:

Answer:

_Surface Ocean current_ are driven by the winds in the open ocean.

_Tidal Current_ occur with the rise and fall of the tide.

_Coastal Current_ are created by the interaction of wind, waves, and land formations.

Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Positive Trousseau sign Positive Chvostek sign Hyperactive reflexes. Muscle twitching Constipation Paresthesias

Answers

Answer:

Positive Trousseau sign

Positive Chvostek sign

Hyperactive reflexes.

Muscle twitching, Paresthesias

When the blood conce

Explanation:

When the blood ca+ concentration falls below  the standard of 4.4-4.5mg/dL,that is below 4.4mg/dL the clinical condition is called hypocalcemia. It is caused by hypothyroidism,due to  malfunction of the parathyroid gland.

Generally, Ca+ is needed for contraction of muscles by causing the fusion of the vesicles containing neurotransmitters to the presynaptic membrane for the passage of neuro transmitters  to fuse with the receptors on the sarcolemma to initiate  muscular contractions by opening of ligand gated Na+. It also interact with the ligand gated  sodium ion channels

Generally,Ca+ inhibits depolarization of ligand gated Na+ channels. Thus blocks the opening of these channels and therefore the rate of excitability.Therefore, If the is low serum levels of Ca+,There is increased in the threshold of depolarization because more ligand gated Na+ channels are opened,Thus their is increased excitability of nerves and muscles fibres therefore in the  clinical manifestations listed above.

It can be treated with infusion of Ca+ into the blood.

what is the result of too much or too little Dark energy:​

Answers

Answer:

Dark Energy, Dark Matter

In the early 1990s, one thing was fairly certain about the expansion of the universe. It might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and recollapse, it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding, but gravity was certain to slow the expansion as time went on. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the universe had to slow. The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today. So the expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.

Eventually theorists came up with three sorts of explanations. Maybe it was a result of a long-discarded version of Einstein's theory of gravity, one that contained what was called a "cosmological constant." Maybe there was some strange kind of energy-fluid that filled space. Maybe there is something wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity and a new theory could include some kind of field that creates this cosmic acceleration. Theorists still don't know what the correct explanation is, but they have given the solution a name. It is called dark energy.

EXPLAIN The scuba diver is a living system. The scuba gear, or self-
contained underwater breathing apparatus, is a system of air exchange.
How are these two systems interacting? What are the inputs and outputs of
these systems?​

Answers

Pt.I

All living things needs some form of oxygen to live. In talking about a scuba diver, we are talking about a human, who uses their lungs to breathe, and did not develop the ability to breathe under water. Instead, when in a body of water, we tend to hold our breaths until an opportunity arises for us to exchange our carbon dioxide for oxygen.

Take into account the scuba gear. The scuba gear fits the user, and has a number of protection, including the suit counter-balancing any pressure applied by the deep, and the tank providing much needed oxygen to the user during delayed periods within the water.

Pt.II

How does these two systems interact?

Like as a human is breathing on land or even swimming, the human expels carbon dioxide, which forms into "air bubbles" that are then expelled into the water surrounding. The user then draws air from the pressurized air tank, and is able to breathe as such. This allows the user to stay underwater for much longer than just one breathe, and is able to travel farther inside the deep.

Inside this system, the Oxygen is first input into the oxygen tanks, which are then used by the diver. The diver would draw the oxygen from the tank (output), and he will then expel the used air into the surrounding water.

~

The function of the citric acid cycle is to transfer the acetyl group gained from glycolysis to molecules of pyruvate. hydrolyze glucose in the presence of oxygen to obtain two pyruvate molecules. remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. produce water. produce carbon dioxide to balance the oxygen requirement for cellular respiration.

Answers

Answer:

The function of the citric acid cycle is to produce carbon dioxide to balance the oxygen requirement for cellular respiration.

Explanation:

In the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is first decarboxylated, leading  to the production of CO₂, NADH, and the energy-rich substance  acetyl-CoA. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA then combines with  the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate, forming the six-carbon  compound citric acid. A series of reactions follow, and two  additional CO₂ molecules, three more NADH, and one FADH are  formed. Ultimately, oxaloacetate is regenerated to return as an  acetyl acceptor, thus completing the cycle .

information gained by means of observation, experience or
experiment

Answers

Answer:

Empirical Evidence

Explanation:

Helpp aquatic questionnnnn will give brainliestt and most points i can​

Answers

Answer:

17. D) Hypothesis

18. Not accurate but it is precise

19. D) precision

20. A) quantitive observation

21. B) Control

22. Volume.

hope this helps!

Make a list of some products you think recycled plastics could be turned into​

Answers

Answer:

Plastics are non-biodegradable and are one of the major causes of pollution in our environment. Plastics can be recycled into many other products that can reduce the pollution caused by plastic, list of some of the products is as follows:

Sleeping bagsWater bottlesDecoration artificialsbatteries for carpicture framespicnic tablesplayground equipment recycling bins

I NEED HELP i literally dont understand this

Answers

Answer:Independent and Dependent variables

Explanation: 1. IV:fertilizer DV:grass

2.IV:salinity DV: goldfish

3.IV:minutes studied DV:effect of studying

4.IV:pesticides DV:size of apples

5.IV:amount he exercises DV:running a kilometer

6.IV:detergent DV: cleanliness of his clothes

7.IV:weight of dogs DV: puppies in litter

8.IV:time on social media DV:anxiety levels

9.IV:diet of rat DV: rats overall health

hope this helps :))

After 14 years of age, do males or females have a higher red blood cell count

Answers

Answer:

males

woman and against males the blood of a cells 4.1 to 6 per microliter.

Is gasoline a mixture or a compound?

Answers

Answer:

Gasoline is a complex blend of compounds made from petroleum. There are various grades of gasoline. Thus it is a mixture. A classmate claims that brass and silver are both pure substances because they have a uniform composition throughout.

Explanation:

Aluminum is a chemical element so it is a pure substance. Thus it is a mixture. Gasoline is a complex blend of compounds made from petroleum

Answer:

A mixture

Explanation your reasoning:

The fraction of gasoline that is made up of octane affects how the gasoline burns in a car.

What does it mean by unit

Answers

Explanation:

a single thing, person, or group forming part of a whole

Explanation:

•It is also called the Biological Assembly, is the quaternary structure that is believed to be the functional form of a macromolecule.

What is the difference between evolution and heredity

Answers

Answer:

The difference between evolution and heredity is time bound phenomenas

1. What does "semiconservative replication" mean?

(A) Each new double helix contains two new strands.

(B) Each new double helix contains one original strand and one new strand.

(C) Each new double helix contains two original strands.

(D) One new double helix contains two original strands, and the other double helix contains two new strands.

Answers

Answer:

The answer of the question is B.
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is 50 square root plus 2 square root irrational and equal to which of these four options Solve x + x + 2 + 2x = -2. 1 -1 0 -2 Write the quadratic equation in standard form and then choose the value of "b."(2x - 1)(x + 5) = 0O10011pllllllls help me A story about the life of an author, written by the author, is a The nation of el salvador is located in Central America ,a region of what continent A)europeB)North America C) South America Classify each description according to the X-linked recessive disorder it describes. Color Blindness Fragile X Syndrome Disorder that is the most common cause of inherited mental impairment, including the most common cause of autism Disorder caused by the lack of dystrophin, and characterized by wasting away of the muscles Disorder that affects the ability to, in most cases distinguish reds from greens Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Hemophilia Disorder caused by the absence or minimal presence of factor Vill or factor IX, reducing blood clotting ndividuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others are best described as _____ leaders. 10. Make your own unique problem for your classmates to solve for theindependent, dependent, and controlled variables. Make sure to include theanswers. The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of 56134Which of the following is a cost associated with free trade?A It will increase the availability of diverse products. It will increase global tradeC. Companies may move production to other countries.D Consumers will pay lower prices.Please select the best answer from the choices provided What is the domain and range of..... please help A box has a length of 45 centimeters, a width of 7 centimeters, and a height of 15 centimeters. What is the volume? A sample of water has a mass of 14 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters? What is the density of water A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with In essay form, differentiate between the following two sets of terms: i. melody and harmony ii. rhythm and meter Yo ___ (llegar) a un lugar nuevo cuando fui de vacaciones el mes pasado. Preterite Tense with -car, -gar, -zar Lisa flips 2 fair coins.What is the probability of obtaining two tails?Give your answer in its simplest form. What opportunity cost would Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Opera or La Bron James have to deal with ? Which is a property of water? A: it is a crystalline at room temperature, B: it expands as it melts, C: it dissolves non-polar substances, D: it has a large capacity to hold heat 17% of the speech team is also on the debate team rewrite this percent as a fraction in simplest form Solve: 16x2 81 = 0