The understanding that the national government and state governments are both sovereign within their sphere of influence is called1

The correct sequence of social complexity for preschoolers' play is parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play, beginning with the simplest.

In the development of social play skills among preschoolers, parallel play typically emerges first, followed by associative play, and then cooperative play. Parallel play refers to when children play alongside each other without significant interaction or coordination. They may engage in similar activities but do not actively engage with one another.

As children progress, they move into the stage of associative play. In this stage, children begin to interact and share materials, ideas, and conversations during play, but their play remains relatively independent. They are interested in each other's activities and may borrow or imitate each other but do not have a strong sense of shared goals or organized roles.

Finally, preschoolers develop cooperative play skills, which involve more advanced levels of social interaction and collaboration. Cooperative play requires children to work together towards a common goal, sharing responsibilities and coordinating their actions.

They engage in pretend play, group games, and other activities that require active communication and collaboration.

Understanding the sequence of social complexity in preschoolers' play can help educators and caregivers support children's social development by providing appropriate opportunities and guidance as they progress from parallel play to associative play and ultimately cooperative play.

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According to marginal utility theory, if the price of chocolate chip cookies rises, Teddy may choose to buy fewer cookies and allocate more of his income towards hot chocolate to maximize his overall satisfaction.

This is because as the price of cookies increases, the marginal utility of each additional cookie decreases, while the marginal utility of hot chocolate may remain constant or even increase. Teddy's consumption decisions are guided by his preferences and the marginal utility he derives from each item. Therefore, he may choose to adjust his spending based on changes in prices to ensure that he is maximizing his overall satisfaction with the limited income he has available. The specific adjustment he makes will depend on the extent of the price increase and his own individual preferences.

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Puerto Ricans have the highest poverty rate among Latino subpopulations, with 42.5% living below the poverty line.

This can be attributed to a number of factors, including high unemployment rates and limited access to education and job opportunities.

Puerto Ricans also face challenges related to their political status as a territory of the United States, which affects their access to federal resources and funding.

It's important to note that poverty rates can vary within Latino subpopulations based on factors such as gender, age, and geographic location.

Nonetheless, addressing poverty within the Puerto Rican community requires targeted interventions and policies that address the unique challenges faced by this population.

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One situation that best illustrates Beck's concept of overgeneralization in depressives is when an individual experiences a minor setback or failure and then concludes that they are a complete failure in all aspects of their life.

Beck's cognitive theory of depression suggests that individuals with depression tend to engage in cognitive distortions, one of which is overgeneralization. Overgeneralization involves making broad, sweeping conclusions or negative judgments based on limited or isolated events.

In the context of depression, an individual may have a negative experience or encounter a failure in a specific area of their life, such as their work performance or a personal relationship. However, due to the cognitive bias of overgeneralization, they extend this negative experience to other areas of their life and start perceiving themselves as a failure in general.

For example, let's say a person with depression experiences a rejection in a romantic relationship. Instead of viewing the rejection as a specific event or circumstance, they may overgeneralize and believe that they are unlovable and destined to fail in all relationships. This overgeneralization distorts their perception of themselves and their abilities, leading to a negative self-image and reinforcing feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness.

Another illustration could be an individual facing a career setback, such as not getting a promotion or losing a job. They may overgeneralize this event and conclude that they are incompetent or incapable of succeeding in any professional endeavor. As a result, they may develop a pervasive belief that they are a failure in their career and that future opportunities will always elude them.

These examples highlight how individuals with depression tend to overgeneralize negative experiences and apply them to their self-identity and various domains of their lives. This cognitive distortion perpetuates a negative cycle of self-perception, reinforcing depressive thoughts and emotions.

Beck's concept of overgeneralization in depressives underscores the need for cognitive restructuring and challenging these distorted thoughts. By examining the evidence for and against these overgeneralized beliefs, individuals can develop more balanced and realistic perspectives, leading to improved emotional well-being and a reduction in depressive symptoms.

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The statement is true to a certain extent. Conflicting roles refer to the different roles we play in our lives that can sometimes clash or contradict each other.

For example, a person may have to choose between their role as a parent and their role as a professional. In such situations, the role that we choose can have a significant impact on our lives.
The role that we choose may not necessarily be the one with the greatest importance, but it could have a potent effect on us. For instance, if a person chooses their professional role over their role as a parent, it could lead to a strain in their relationship with their child and cause emotional distress. On the other hand, if they choose their role as a parent, it could lead to career setbacks and financial difficulties.
In conclusion, the role that we choose when we have conflicting roles may not always be the one with the greatest importance, but it could have a potent effect on our lives. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the consequences of our choices before making a decision.

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As a sport leader, the best way to build someone's self-efficacy beliefs is through a combination of various strategies such as Mastery Experiences, Verbal Persuasion etc.

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The ability to attend to and process visual information is crucial for - d. improving the length of time a child can concentrate on visual activities.

When a child is able to focus on visual information, it helps them to understand their environment and learn new concepts. It also helps them to improve their hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills.

When a child has trouble processing visual information, they may struggle with tasks such as reading, writing, and other academic skills. In order to improve a child's ability to attend to and process visual information, it is important to provide them with a variety of visual experiences and activities.

This can include things like puzzles, coloring books, and games that require them to focus on visual details.

Hence, option d. is correct.

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It seems like Sally is dealing with some serious trust issues when it comes to her field hockey teammates.

It's possible that she genuinely believes that her teammates are the ones spreading rumors and gossip, or perhaps she is trying to deflect attention away from herself.

Either way, it's clear that this situation is causing tension within the team and could potentially harm their performance on the field. It might be helpful for Sally to have an honest conversation with her teammates about her concerns and work towards building a more trusting and supportive team dynamic.

Ultimately, gossip and rumors have no place in a healthy team environment and it's important for everyone to take responsibility for their actions and work towards a positive and respectful atmosphere.

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A dispositional belief is not a belief that people have actively engaged in and created over the course of their lives. False

Dispositional beliefs are actually beliefs that are rooted in an individual's personality traits or inherent tendencies, rather than being consciously formed or actively created. These beliefs are often seen as more enduring and stable, reflecting a person's general outlook or predispositions.

In contrast, beliefs that individuals actively engage in and create over time are more accurately described as acquired or constructed beliefs, which are shaped by personal experiences, learning, and deliberate cognitive processes.

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False. While it may seem logical that more expected and understood policy decisions by the Federal Reserve would lead to more effective results, this is not always the case.

The effectiveness of policy decisions by the Federal Reserve depends on a variety of factors such as the state of the economy, market reactions, and unforeseen events. Additionally, too much predictability in policy decisions can lead to complacency and market participants making risky decisions based on expectations rather than the actual state of the economy. On the other hand, unexpected policy decisions can cause market volatility and uncertainty. Therefore, the Federal Reserve aims to strike a balance between transparency and unpredictability in its policy decisions. Ultimately, the effectiveness of policy decisions depends on their impact on the economy and markets, which can be unpredictable and complex.

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Kevin is preoccupied with gambling, and his persistent urges to gamble are so strong that he continues even after losing large sums of money. Kevin most clearly shows signs of addiction.

The scenario described indicates that Kevin is preoccupied with gambling and experiences persistent urges to gamble despite significant financial losses. These symptoms suggest that he is exhibiting signs of addiction. Addiction refers to a chronic and compulsive pattern of behavior characterized by the inability to control or stop engaging in a particular activity, despite negative consequences. In this case, Kevin's strong and persistent urges to gamble, along with his continued gambling behavior despite financial losses, indicate that he may be addicted to gambling.

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According to the evolutionary perspective, Matthew will be most concerned with finding a mate who has traits that signal reproductive fitness, such as physical attractiveness, youthfulness, and health.

Additionally, he may also consider qualities that suggest a potential partner's ability to provide resources and protect offspring, such as intelligence, financial stability, and social status. These factors are believed to have been shaped by natural selection and are thought to influence our mating preferences and behaviors.

According to the evolutionary perspective, Matthew will be most concerned with traits and characteristics that are associated with reproductive success and mate selection. Evolutionary psychology suggests that individuals are driven by innate biological and psychological mechanisms shaped by natural selection. In the context of a blind date, Matthew's primary concerns are likely to be focused on cues related to fertility, physical attractiveness, and indicators of good genes, as these traits are believed to enhance reproductive success. He may also consider qualities such as personality, social status, and resources, which can contribute to the survival and well-being of potential offspring. Overall, Matthew's considerations are likely to revolve around selecting a partner who exhibits characteristics that align with evolutionary principles of mate choice and reproductive fitness.

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According to the catharsis hypothesis, retaliating against someone who provokes us can calm us down because it "relieves our aggressive urges" by allowing us to release pent-up emotions and restore a sense of psychological equilibrium.

The catharsis hypothesis suggests that engaging in retaliatory behavior serves as a form of emotional release, providing an outlet for built-up anger and frustration. By expressing aggression towards the instigator, individuals may experience a temporary sense of satisfaction and a reduction in emotional arousal.

This theory posits that by acting on our aggressive impulses, we can purge ourselves of negative emotions and achieve a state of catharsis. However, it's important to note that subsequent research has challenged the catharsis hypothesis, suggesting that acting aggressively may actually reinforce and intensify aggressive tendencies rather than reduce them.

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True. In general, it is prohibited to use gender, age, religion, and other protected characteristics as a basis for making employment decisions under anti-discrimination laws.

There is an exception known as a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ). A BFOQ is a specific circumstance where certain protected characteristics can be considered a legitimate requirement for performing a particular job.

The BFOQ defense allows an employer to make employment decisions based on protected characteristics if they can demonstrate that such characteristics are reasonably necessary for the normal operation of the job. For example, a religious organization may require its clergy members to be of a specific religious faith, or a movie studio may cast an actor of a particular gender to play a specific role. These are instances where protected characteristics may be considered a BFOQ.

It is important to note that BFOQ exceptions are narrowly interpreted and limited to situations where there is a direct and essential relationship between the protected characteristic and the specific job requirements. In all other cases, using protected characteristics as a basis for employment decisions is considered discriminatory and illegal.

Employers must adhere to applicable anti-discrimination laws and ensure that their employment decisions are based on job-related qualifications, skills, and abilities rather than protected characteristics.

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Among the options provided, the correct answer is:

a. the process of psychological change.

According to the information given, Daniel O'Keefe did not provide a precise definition of persuasion but noted that it must include the process of psychological change. This suggests that persuasion involves influencing someone's thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions, leading to a shift in their psychological state.

The other options (b. change of outward behavior, c. individual free choice, and d. some form of a verbal message) may be relevant aspects or factors that can be associated with persuasion, but they are not specifically mentioned as essential components by Daniel O'Keefe in the provided information.

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The application delivery method you are referring to is the Client-Server architecture, which is a two-tier pattern commonly used in various software applications. In this architecture, the presentation layer is stored on your computer, also known as the client, while the code and data are stored on a remote server.

In the Client-Server model, the client is responsible for presenting the user interface and handling user inputs. It communicates with the server to request data and perform operations on it. The server, on the other hand, is responsible for processing these requests, managing the data, and executing business logic. This separation of concerns allows for greater flexibility, scalability, and maintainability.

The main advantage of the Client-Server architecture is the centralized control over the application's data and logic. This makes it easier to update and maintain the application, as changes can be made on the server without needing to modify the clients. Additionally, the distribution of work between client and server can lead to improved performance, as the server can handle complex tasks while the client focuses on user interactions.

Overall, the Client-Server architecture is a widely used application delivery method that effectively separates the presentation and data layers for better organization and performance.

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The situation where the United States has bought more goods from other nations than it has sold since 1975 is known as a trade deficit.

This means that the value of imports exceeds the value of exports. The trade deficit can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in the cost of labor or resources between countries, government policies, and fluctuations in exchange rates. The trade deficit can have both positive and negative effects on the U.S. economy, as it allows for access to a wider variety of goods at a lower cost, but it can also lead to job losses and a decline in domestic industries. The United States has had a persistent trade deficit since the 1970s, which has become a topic of debate among economists and policymakers.

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**Given favorable elasticity conditions, an appreciation of the yen results in: c. Decreased prices for imported products for Japan.**

When the yen appreciates, meaning its value strengthens relative to other currencies, it leads to a decrease in prices for imported products in Japan. This is because an appreciation of the yen makes foreign goods relatively cheaper when converted into yen. As a result, Japanese consumers and businesses can purchase imported products at lower prices, which can lead to increased imports. This is beneficial for the domestic economy as it provides access to a wider range of affordable goods and potentially stimulates consumer spending. However, it's important to note that the impact on trade deficit or surplus would depend on various factors, such as the responsiveness of exports and imports to changes in prices (elasticity), among other economic conditions.

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To be perceived as a good listener, a person must exhibit a combination of activities associated with high effort and motivation

Paying attention: The first step in active listening is to pay attention to what the other person is saying. This means focusing on the speaker, avoiding distractions, and giving them your full attention.

Showing interest: Showing interest in what the other person is saying is important for building rapport and establishing trust. This can be done by nodding, making eye contact, and asking questions.

Paraphrasing: Paraphrasing is the process of restating what the other person has said in your own words. This helps to ensure that you understand what they are saying and can also help to clarify any misunderstandings.

Reflecting: Reflecting is the process of summarizing the main points of what the other person has said. This helps to ensure that you understand the speaker's perspective and can also help to reinforce their message.

Being non-judgmental: Being non-judgmental means avoiding making assumptions or judgments about the speaker's thoughts or feelings. This helps to create a safe and supportive environment for the speaker to open up and express themselves.

Overall, being perceived as a good listener requires a combination of active listening skills, including paying attention, showing interest, paraphrasing, reflecting, and being non-judgmental.  

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Full Question ;

To be perceived as a good listener, a person must exhibit a combination of activities associated with____

False. Cost-benefit analysis is a decision-making process that compares the costs of a particular action or project with its expected benefits. The benefits are usually measured in terms of monetary value, such as revenue or savings, rather than social interactions.

True. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes both heart disease and stroke. Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart, such as coronary artery disease and heart failure, while stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, resulting in damage to brain tissue.

Coronary artery disease (CAD): This occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart become narrow or blocked, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. CAD can cause chest pain, heart attacks, and other complications.

Heart failure: This occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Heart failure can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs and feet.

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After observing Harry's interactions and leadership style, it appears that he utilizes the democratic leadership style ( Option C) most frequently.

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The best way to provide feedback during Behavioral Skills Training (BST) is to "give it immediately after the learner rehearses the behavior".

Providing feedback immediately after the learner rehearses the behavior is essential in behavior shaping techniques because it allows for timely reinforcement or correction, increasing the effectiveness of the learning process. By delivering feedback immediately, the learner can associate the feedback with their specific behavior, making the connection between action and consequence clear.

Delayed feedback may lead to confusion or misinterpretation, weakening the impact of the feedback. Immediate feedback provides a real-time evaluation, allowing the learner to adjust their behavior promptly, reinforcing desired actions or correcting mistakes, and enhancing the overall learning experience.

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Some hold the opinion that "mutuality" is about sexual sharing, whereas "exploitation" is about sexual using. The terms "mutuality" and "exploitation" are often used in discussions related to sexual relationships and interactions.

According to some perspectives, "mutuality" refers to a sexual relationship characterized by consensual and equitable sharing of desires, needs, and experiences between partners. It emphasizes the importance of mutual respect, communication, and consent, where both individuals actively participate and derive satisfaction from the sexual encounter.

On the other hand, "exploitation" refers to a sexual relationship in which one person takes advantage of the other for their own gratification without considering the other person's autonomy, desires, or well-being. It involves the use of power imbalances, coercion, or manipulation to obtain sexual favors or dominance over the other person.

Exploitative relationships lack mutual consent, respect, and genuine concern for the other person's rights and agency.

These terms reflect differing perspectives on sexual relationships and highlight the importance of consent, respect, and equality in fostering healthy and mutually satisfying interactions, while also underscoring the harmful dynamics associated with sexual exploitation.

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The correct option is D. If immigration consists of mainly high-skilled workers, then a decrease in immigration will increase the wages of high-skilled workers.

When there is an influx of high-skilled workers through immigration, the supply of these workers increases, which can lower their wages due to greater competition. Conversely, if there is a decrease in the immigration of high-skilled workers, the supply of these workers decreases, which can lead to an increase in their wages due to less competition. This is known as the supply and demand theory of labor economics.

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According to goal-setting theory, to stimulate high motivation and performance, goals must be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

According to goal-setting theory, to stimulate high motivation and performance, goals must be specific, challenging, and achievable. Specific goals provide clarity and direction, while challenging goals encourage individuals to push themselves beyond their comfort zone. Achievable goals help individuals build confidence and a sense of accomplishment as they work towards their goal. Overall, setting effective goals can be a powerful tool in increasing motivation and driving success.
These characteristics ensure that the goal is clear, trackable, realistic, aligned with personal values, and has a deadline, which helps maintain high motivation throughout the process.

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Brodbeck and Shettleworth's experiment revealed that food-storing birds have far superior spatial memory abilities compared to non-storing birds.

In their research, Brodbeck and Shettleworth investigated the cognitive abilities of food-storing birds, such as chickadees and jays, in relation to their spatial memory. They found that these birds, which have the instinct to cache food for later use, displayed remarkable spatial memory skills.

Spatial memory refers to the ability to remember and navigate through space, recalling the locations of objects or landmarks. Food-storing birds rely on accurate spatial memory to retrieve their cached food when needed. Brodbeck and Shettleworth's experiment demonstrated that these birds outperformed non-storing birds in spatial memory tasks, indicating their superior abilities in remembering and recalling spatial information.

The findings suggest that the natural behavior of food-storing birds has driven the development of enhanced spatial memory capacities. The need to remember numerous caching sites and retrieve food efficiently has likely led to the evolution of these superior cognitive skills in food-storing species, showcasing the adaptive nature of their spatial memory abilities.

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Rotisserie chicken is a popular and convenient food item that can be found in many grocery stores and supermarkets.

When properly stored in the refrigerator, a rotisserie chicken can typically last for up to four days. To ensure the chicken stays fresh and safe to eat, it is important to refrigerate it promptly after purchase or use. The chicken should be placed in an airtight container or wrapped tightly in plastic wrap to prevent exposure to air, which can cause it to spoil more quickly. It is important to note that the four-day storage time is a general guideline, and the actual shelf life of the chicken may vary depending on factors such as the temperature of the refrigerator, the freshness of the chicken at the time of purchase, and how it was handled and stored before and after cooking. To ensure the safety of the food, it is always recommended to use your senses to assess whether the chicken has gone bad. If the chicken has an off smell, appearance or texture, it is best to discard it to avoid the risk of foodborne illness.

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Today, most theorists view families from a systemic perspective.

The systemic perspective in family theory emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of family members within a larger system. It focuses on understanding family dynamics, communication patterns, and the influence of various subsystems within the family. Rather than focusing solely on individual members, the systemic perspective considers the family as a whole and recognizes that changes or issues affecting one family member can impact the entire family system.

This perspective takes into account the interactions and relationships among family members, the influence of family norms and roles, and the broader social and cultural contexts in which families exist. It also recognizes that family functioning is influenced by factors such as communication patterns, power dynamics, and the family's ability to adapt to change. The systemic perspective allows for a more holistic understanding of families, acknowledging the complexity and interplay of various factors that contribute to family dynamics and functioning. It emphasizes the importance of considering the family as a system in order to comprehend and address the challenges and strengths within family relationships.

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Brad gave a boring presentation to the rest of the team. Fred made fun of him in front of everyone this is an example of workplace bullying or harassment.

Workplace bullying refers to persistent, repeated, and unwanted negative behaviors that are directed towards an individual or a group in a work environment. These behaviors can include verbal abuse, ridicule, humiliation, belittlement, or exclusion. In this case, Fred's act of making fun of Brad in front of the entire team can be seen as an instance of workplace bullying, as it aims to demean and embarrass Brad.

By making fun of Brad in front of everyone, Fred exhibited disrespectful behavior and undermined Brad's professional image. Such actions can create a hostile work environment and have a negative impact on team dynamics and individual well-being. It's important for organizations to address and prevent these types of behaviors to maintain a healthy and productive work environment.

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Corporate leaders have a duty of care to exercise reasonable care and prudence in making decisions that affect the corporation. Shamarlie's focus on public relations and big picture ideas is important, but it does not absolve her of her responsibilities as a corporate leader.

Based on the information provided, it is likely that Shamarlie has violated her duty of care as a corporate leader. The duty of care requires corporate leaders to exercise reasonable care and prudence in making decisions that affect the corporation. This includes attending meetings of corporate directors, reviewing financial statements, and considering the potential outcomes of decisions made by other corporate directors.

Shamarlie's focus on public relations and big picture ideas is important for the success of the corporation, but it does not absolve her of her responsibilities as a corporate leader. By failing to attend meetings of corporate directors and ignoring the financial statements, she is neglecting her duty to exercise reasonable care and prudence in making decisions that affect the corporation. This could potentially lead to negative outcomes for the corporation and its stakeholders.

Furthermore, ignoring the potential outcomes of decisions made by other corporate directors is also a violation of her duty of care. As a corporate leader, it is important to consider the impact of decisions made by others on the overall success of the corporation.

In conclusion, corporate leaders have a duty of care to exercise reasonable care and prudence in making decisions that affect the corporation. Shamarlie's focus on public relations and big picture ideas is important, but it does not absolve her of her responsibilities as a corporate leader. By neglecting her duty to attend meetings of corporate directors, review financial statements, and consider the potential outcomes of decisions made by other corporate directors, she has likely violated her duty of care.

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Under the circumstances described, Shamarlie has likely violated her duty of care as a corporate leader.

As the head of Shandling Corporation, Shamarlie had a legal obligation to exercise reasonable care and diligence in overseeing the company's operations and making informed decisions. This duty of care includes attending meetings of corporate directors, reviewing financial statements, and considering the potential outcomes of decisions made by other directors. By ignoring these responsibilities and focusing only on public relations and big picture ideas, Shamarlie may have failed to meet her duty of care and put the company at risk.

While corporate leaders may have some discretion in how they fulfill their duties, they are generally expected to act in the best interests of the company and its shareholders. Neglecting key responsibilities such as attending meetings and reviewing financial statements could be seen as a breach of this duty and could expose the leader to legal liability. Therefore, Shamarlie's behavior may be seen as a violation of her duty of care as a corporate leader.

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