Answer:
dividend of $525,000 for its 200,000 common shares outstanding next year. Market analysts foresee a growth in dividends of the company at the rate of 4% per year. The Pizza Company raises capital using 30% bond, 20% preferred stock, and 50% common stock
a. What is the cost of capital (WACC) of the Pizza Company?
b. Calculate
A five-year note payable would appear on the balance sheet as a(n) a.disclosure in the notes only. b.long-term liability for the entire amount owed. c.current liability for any portion due within one year. d.intangible asset.
Answer: current liability for any portion due within one year
Explanation:
Notes payable are referred to as the written agreements whereby one party agrees to pay the other party a certain amount of money.
It should be noted that on the balance sheet, notes payable will appear as liabilities. In a situation when the amount is due within a year, then it's considered to be current liabilities while it's regarded as a long-term liability when it's more than a year,
It should be noted that a five-year note payable would appear on the balance sheet as current liability for any portion due within one year.
Joan Martin expects interest rates to decline over the next few months.To achieve her long-term financial goals,she will trade off liquidity for a higher return by using a:_________.
A) regular savings account.
B) interest-bearing checking account.
C) five-year certificate of deposit.
D) money market account.
E) money market fund.
Answer: C. Five year certificate of deposit.
Explanation:
A certificate of deposit refers to a savings account whereby a fixed amount of money is being held for a fixed period of time, and interest is earned on it.
Since Joan Martin expects interest rates to decline over the next few months, in order to achieve her long-term financial goals, then she will trade off liquidity for a higher return by using a five year certificate of deposit. Here, the liquidity is low when it's compared to that of the regular savings account.
Flexible Budgeting
At the beginning of the period, the Fabricating Department budgeted direct labor of $9,280 and equipment depreciation of $2,300 for 640 hours of production. The department actually completed 600 hours of production. Determine the budget for the department, assuming that it uses flexible budgeting. Round your labor rate to nearest cent.
$
Flexible Budgeting
At the beginning of the period, the Grinding Department budgeted direct labor of $159,600 and property tax of $56,000 for 7,600 hours of production. The department actually completed 9,500 hours of production.
Determine the budget for the department, assuming that it uses flexible budgeting.
$
Answer and Explanation:
The calculation is given below:
Fabricating department
The budgeted cost is
= $9,280 ÷ 640 hours × 600 hours + $2,300
= $8,700 + $2,300
= $11,000
Grinding department
= $159,600 ÷ 7,600 hours × 9,500 hours + $56,000
= $199,500 + $56,000
= $255,500
In this way the budgeted cost should be determined
You just bought a rent house in Fayetteville, AR, for $100,000, with $20,000 down and the balance in the form of a 15-year amortization mortgage at a fixed rate of 5.0% and monthly payments. Your principal, interest, property tax, and insurance, plus all costs of maintaining the property, are covered by your rent. a) How much are your monthly mortgage payments? b) The University grows, and prices appreciate at the rate of 6% per year, what will the value of the house be in 6 years? What will the outstanding principal of the debt be (assume no extra payments)? What will the value of the equity be? c) Using CAGR, what is your rate of return on your equity? Why is it so high compared to housing market price appreciation? d) At this CAGR rate, how long will it take to double your money? e) What shape of yield curve is often (but not always) followed by an economic downturn and stock market correction/crash?
Answer:
Please find the attached file for the complete solution:
Explanation:
On May 1, the Chris Company borrowed $30,000 from the Third Street Bank on a 1-year, 6% note. If the company keeps its records on a calendar year, an adjustment is needed on December 31 to increase:_______.
a. Interest Payable, $900.
b. Interest Expense, $1,800.
c. Interest Payable, $1,200.
d. Interest Expense, $600.
Answer:
c. Interest Payable, $1,200.
Explanation:
Based on the information given in a situation where the company keeps its records on a calendar year, an adjustment is needed on December 31 to increase: INTEREST PAYABLE, by $1,200
Increase in Interest payable=6%*30,000*8/12
Increase in Interest payable=$1,200
(May 1 to December 31=8 months)
The following data were accumulated for use in reconciling the bank account of Creative Design Co. for August 20Y6:
a. Cash balance according to the company's records at August 31, $19,140.
b. Cash balance according to the bank statement at August 31, $19,950.
c. Checks outstanding, $3,890. Deposit in transit not recorded by bank, $3,120.
d. A check for $340 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in the check register as $430.
e. Bank debit memo for service charges, $50.
Required:
Journalize the entries that should be made by the company that (a) increase cash and (b) decrease cash.
Answer:
Looking at the data, there are only a few entries that increase and decrease cash.
The entry that increases cash is:
A check for $340 in payment of an account was erroneously recorded in the check register as $430.This increases cash because the payment was higher than it should be so when we adjust it, the cash will increase to reflect that more of it was spent than it should have been.
The increase is:
= 430 - 340
= $90
Date Account Title Debit Credit
August 20Y6 Cash $90
Accounts Payable $90
The entry that decreases cash is:
Bank debit memo for service charges, $50.Bank is charging us for its services. This is an expense that reduces the cash balance.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
August 20Y6 Bank charges $50
Cash $50
Kỳ hạn ghép lãi 3 tháng, lãi xuất công bố 12%/năm. Hỏi lãi xuất bao nhiêu %/kỳ 3 tháng?
Answer:
Mỗi loại hình dịch vụ gửi tiết kiệm mà ngân hàng có công thức tính lãi suất khác nhau. Mức lãi suất tiết kiệm thông thường sẽ do ngân hàng đưa ra và tuân thủ theo các quy định của ngân hàng Nhà Nước. Cùng tìm hiểu cách tính lãi suất ngân hàng và công thức lãi kép nhanh nhất.
Julio is in the 32% tax bracket. He acquired 9,000 shares of stock in Gray Corporation seven years ago at a cost of $20 per share. In the current year, Julio received a payment of $135,000 from Gray Corporation in exchange for 4,500 of his shares in Gray. Gray has E & P of $1,000,000. What income tax liabil-ity would Julio incur on the $150,000 payment in each of the following situations? Assume that Julio has no capital losses.
a. The stock redemption qualifies for sale or exchange treatment.
b. The stock redemption does not qualify for sale or exchange treatment.
c. How would your answer to parts (a) and (b) of Problem 49 differ if Julio were a corporate shareholder rather than an individual shareholder and the stock ownership in Gray Corporation represented a 25% interest?
Answer:
example below
Explanation:
Alexandria's Dance Studio is currently an all-equity firm with earnings before interest and taxes of $338,000 and a cost of equity of 14.2%. The tax rate is 34%. Alexandria is considering adding $400,000 of debt with a coupon rate of 7% to her capital structure. The debt will be sold at par value. What is the levered value of the equity?
Answer:
$1,306,986
Explanation:
Calculation to determine What is the levered value of the equity
First step is to calculate the VL
VL = {[$338,000 × (1 - .34)] / .142} + (.34 × $400,000)
VL= $1,706,986
Now let calculate the levered value of the equity (VE)
VE = $1,706,986 - $400,000
VE = $1,306,986
Therefore the levered value of the equity is $1,306,986
Find the APR, or stated rate, in each of the following cases (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.): Stated Rate (APR) Number of Times Compounded Effective Rate (EAR) % Semiannually 10.7 % Monthly 11.6 Weekly 9.3 Infinite 13.0
Answer:
EAR = (1+APR/m)^m - 1 where m=compounding periods
1. 0.116 = (1+APR/2)^2 - 1
(1+0.116) = (1+APR/2)^2
(1.116)^(1/2) = 1+APR/2
APR = [(1.107)^(1/2) - 1]*2
APR = [1.05214067501 - 1]*2
APR = 0.05214067501 * 2
APR = 0.10428135002
APR = 10.43%
2. 0.116 = (1+APR/12)^12-1
APR = [(1+0.116)^(1/12)-1]*12
APR = [1.116^(1/12) - 1] * 12
APR = [1.00918785692 - 1] * 12
APR = 0.00918785692 * 12
APR = 0.11025428304
APR = 11.05%
3. 0.093 = (1+APR/52)^52 - 1
APR = [(1+0.093)^(1/52) - 1] * 52
APR = [1.093^(1/52) - 1] * 52
APR = [1.0017115825 - 1] * 52
APR = 0.0017115825 * 52
APR = 0.08900229
APR = 8.90%
To determine the scope of a bookkeeping clean-up engagement, you are reviewing the Client Overview tab for a potential client. You notice that there is a large amount in the Opening Balance Equity account.
Which 3 reasons could be causing this balance?
A. The client added transactions in the Banking Center without assigning an account to them
B. Opening balance for an inventory item was entered during the setup process
C. The client entered an Opening Balance when creating an Other Current Asset account
D. Opening balances were included when importing customers using the Import data tool
E. The client forced a bank reconciliation when the difference was not zero
Answer: B. Opening balance for an inventory item was entered during the setup process.
D. Opening balances were included when importing customers using the Import data tool.
E. The client forced a bank reconciliation when the difference was not zero.
Explanation:
The reasons that can be attributed to the large amount in the Opening Balance Equity account will be:
• Opening balance for an inventory item was entered during the setup process.
• Opening balances were included when importing customers using the Import data tool.
• The client forced a bank reconciliation when the difference was not zero.
The 3 reasons could be causing this balance is that:
The client has added transactions in the Banking Center without assigning an account to them.The Opening balances for one or more Product/Service items were entered during the setup process.Opening Balances were included when importing Customers, using the Import Data tool.The Opening Balance Equity account value most times is often equal to the prior year Retained Earnings.
if a balance in the Opening Balance Equity account does exists and if the balance is equal to the prior year’s Retained Earnings, the Opening Balance Equity may be closed into Retained Earnings.
Conclusively, if a balance remains on the Balance Sheet for Opening Balance Equity, it is advisable to review the individual transactions.
Learn more from
https://brainly.com/question/14329894
In a safety stock problem where both demand and lead time are variable, demand averages 150 units per day with a daily standard deviation of 16, and lead time averages 5 days with a standard deviation of 1 day. What is the standard deviation of demand during lead time
Answer: 154 units
Explanation:
Standard deviation of demand during lead time = √[(Mean lead time * Standard deviation of demand ²) + (Mean demand * standard deviation of lead time²)]
= √ [ ( 5 * 16²) + (150² * 1²)]
= √[ 1,280 + 22,500]
= 154.20765
= 154 units
An example of a good that is excludable is: _________
a) an outdoor sculpture visible from the street.
b) a television set.
c) broadcast television.
d) an aerial fireworks display.
Answer:
b) a television set
Explanation:
Excludable goods can be regarded as a s private goods, unlike non-excludable goods which are public goods. Instance of this is that
everyone can utilize public road, but going to cinema cannot be for everyone the way they please, this is because, ticket need to be bought to get access, as ticket is bought, this can excludes somebody else since there is because limited seat. It should be noted that good can be regarded as a excludable, in situation whereby supplier of that good successfully prevent individual that do not pay from consuming it. An example of a good that is excludable is television set
The founder of Starbucks, Howard Schultz, decided to provide healthcare for all employees who work over 20 hours per week. This is an example of Starbucks’ employee _______ plan
Answer:
benefit/Compensation plan
Explanation:
this is an example of the starbuck employee compensation plan. The employee compensation plan is a program that includes the bonuses, the incentives and the salary that employees that work in an organization are likely to earn. In this case the health care plan for all employees that work for more than 20 hours is an employee benefit plan that can be used as a motivating factor to all the workers in the organization.
mention any four components of the marketing communication policy
Answer:
Mix advertising, public relations, sales promotion and personal selling
The Texas Consolidated Electronics Company is contemplating a research and development program encompassing eight research projects. The company is constrained from embarking on all projects by the number of available management scientists (40) and the budget available for R&D projects (S300,000). Further, if project 2 is selected, project 5 must also be selected (but not vice versa). Following are the resources requirement and the estimated profit for each project.
Project Expense Management Estimated Profit
($1,000s) Scientists required (1,000,000s)
1 50 6 0.30
2 105 8 0.85
3 56 9 0.20
4 45 3 0.15
5 90 7 0.50
6 80 5 0.45
7 78 8 0.55
8 60 5 0.40
Formulate the integer programming model for this problem and solve it using the computer.
Answer:
Answer
Explanation:
The Texas Consolidated Electronics Company is contemplating a research and development program encompassing eight research projects. The company is constrained from embarking on all projects by the number of available management scientists (40) and the budget available for R&D projects (S300,000). Further, if project 2 is selected, project 5 must also be selected (but not vice versa). Following are the resources requirement and the estimated profit for each project.
Project Expense Management Estimated Profit
($1,000s) Scientists required (1,000,000s)
1 50 6 0.30
2 105 8 0.85
3 56 9 0.20
4 45 3 0.15
5 90 7 0.50
6 80 5 0.45
7 78 8 0.55
8 60 5 0.40
Formulate the integer programming model for this problem and solve it using the computer.
You have decided to invest in two bonds. Bond X is an n-year bonod with semiannual coupons, while bond Y is zero-coupon bond, which is re- deemable in 2 years. The desired yield rate is the same for both bonds. You also have the following information:
Bond X:
Par value is 1000.
The ratio of the semi-annual bond rate to the desired semi-annual yield rate, that is is r/i 1.03125.
b. The present value of the redemption amount is 381.50.
Bond Y:
Redemption value is the same as that of bond X.
Price to yield is 647.80.
What is the price of bond X?
Answer:
The price of the bond X is 1055.09.
Explanation:
The price of Bond X can be determined as follows:
Let:
R = Present value of the Redemption amount of X and Y
i = yield of both Bond X and Bond Y
For Bond X, we have:
381.5 = R / (1+i)n ………………… (1)
For Bond Y, we have:
647.80. = R/(1+i)(n/2) ……………….. (2)
Use equation (2) to divide equation (1), we have:
381.5/647.8 = 1/ (1+i)(n/2) ……………………….. (3)
0.588916332201297= 1/ (1+i)(n/2)
(1+i)(n/2) = 1 / 0.588916332201297
(1+i)(n/2) = 1.69803407601573
647.80 = R / 1.69803407601573
R = 647.80 * 1.69803407601573 = 1,099.99, or 1,100
Now, also let:
r = coupon rate of Bond X
P= present value of Cash flows of Bond X
Therefore, we have:
P = 1000 * (r/2) / (1+i)0.5 + 1000*(r/2)/ (1+i)1+....+1000 * (r/2) /(1+i)n+ 1100/(1+i)n
It can be observed that we have 2n terms indicating present value of 2n semiannual coupon payments and last term is present value of Redemption amount.
Applying GP formula, we have:
P = 1000 *(r/2) * (1- (1+i)-n) / ((1+i)(1/2) -1) + 1100 * (1+i)-n
Looking at equation (3), we it can be observed that we can have:
(1+i)-(n/2) = 381.5/647.8 = 0.588916
Therefore, we have:
(1+i)-n = 0.5889162= 0.346822
By employing the Binomial approximation, we have:
(1+i)(1/2)= 1+i/2+... very small terms = 1 + i/2
This indicates that:
(1+i)(1/2)-1 = i/2
If we substitute this into the price equation, we will have
P = 1000 *(r/2) * (1-0.346822) / ( i/2) + 1100 * 0.346822 = 1000 * (r/i) * 0.653178 + 381.504
Since r/i = 1.03125, we have:
P = 653.178 * 1.03125 + 381.504 = 1055.09
Therefore, the price of the bond X is 1055.09.
Materials Variances Assume that Pearle Vision uses standard costs to control the materials in its made-to-order sunglasses. The standards call for 2 ounces of material for each pair of lenses. The standard cost per ounce of material is $16.25. During July, the Santa Clara location produced 5,200 pairs of sunglasses and used 9,800 ounces of materials. The cost of the materials during July was $17.00 per ounce, and there were no beginning or ending inventories. Required a. Determine the flexible budget materials cost for the completion of the 5,200 pairs of glasses.
Answer:
Direct material flexible budget= $159,250
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The standard cost per ounce of material is $16.25.
Actual quantity= 9,800 ounces
The flexible budget employs the standard cost for the actual quantity:
Direct material flexible budget= 16.25*9,800
Direct material flexible budget= $159,250
Widgets, Inc., based in the United States, makes small parts for the auto industry. Over the past couple of years, Widgets has laid off many workers due to auto industry outsourcing. The federal government has imposed tariffs to discourage outsourcing. This is called
Answer:
This is called:
Trade Restriction
Explanation:
Outsourcing to foreign markets can cripple domestic industries, increase local unemployment, and impose trade imbalance. To check excessive outsourcing, the federal government imposes tariffs. Such a trade restriction is considered necessary within the domestic economy. But it may be regarded as a restriction of free trade within the international community.
The policy adopted by the federal government that imposed tariffs to discourage outsourcing is known as Protectionism policy.
A Protectionism policy are adopted or enforced to protect the domestic workers or industries against external bodies.
Hence, the policy adopted by the federal government that imposed tariffs to discourage outsourcing is known as Protectionism policy.
Read more about Protectionism
brainly.com/question/1616157
Excel technology is trying to increase its cash flow cycle. Sales in 2019 was $3,250,000 ( all on credit) and its net profit margin was 7%. Its inventory turnover was 6.0 times during the year. and its DSO was 41days. Its annual cost of goods sold was $1,800,000. The firm had fixed assets $535,000, its payable deferral period is 45 days. Calculate Excel technology's cash conversion cycle
Answer:
56.83 days
Explanation:
Calculation to determine Excel technology's cash conversion cycle
First step is to determine the Days inventory outstanding
Days inventory outstanding = 365 / Inventory turnover
Days inventory outstanding= 365 /6.0
Days inventory outstanding= 60.83 days
Now let determine the Cash conversion cycle
Cash conversion cycle = Days inventory outstanding + Days sales outstanding - Days payable outstanding
Cash conversion cycle=60.83 + 41 - 45
Cash conversion cycle=56.83 days
Therefore Excel technology's cash conversion cycle is 56.83 days
A student organization is developing promotions for its clothing fundraiser. Email blasts across campus will be part of the campaign. The following are subject line features that might explain whether promotional emails are opened: the number of words in the subject line using the recipient’s name in the subject line including humor in the subject line posing a question in the subject line including the name of a well-known community member What type of model could the student group utilize to analyze which features are important for explaining whether someone opens a promotional email
Answer: Logistic regression
Explanation:
The type of model that the student group can utilize to analyze which features are important for explaining whether someone opens a promotional email is the logistic regression.
Logistic regression is the regression analysis that's used to conduct in a case whereby the dependent variable is binary.
With regards to the question, the logistic regression can provide the best model which will be used to forecast the most important features for the opening of the promotional e-mail.
Makers Corp. had additions to retained earnings for the year just ended of $205,000. The firm paid out $185,000 in cash dividends, and it has ending total equity of $4.90 million. The company currently has 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding.
1. What are earnings per share?2. What are dividends per share? 3. What is the book value per share? 4. If the stock currently sells for $68 per share, what is the market-to-book ratio?5. What is the price-earnings ratio?6. If the company had sales of $3.41 million, what is the price-sales ratio?
Answer:
Waka Waka Wa e e
Explanation:
Queen Shakira
Covered interest arbitrage involves both Group of answer choices the purchase of a domestic asset and a spot contract in the market for foreign exchange. the sale of a foreign asset and the purchase of a forward contract in the market for foreign exchange. the purchase of a foreign asset and a forward contract in the market for foreign exchange. the sale of domestic stocks and the purchase of foreign bonds.
Answer:
the purchase of a foreign asset and a forward contract in the market for foreign exchange.
Explanation:
An arbitrage is a type of trade that is caused as a result of market inefficiency.
For example, if a stock is trading at $50 on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) while it is trading for $52 on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) at the same time. Philip buys the stock on the LSE and sells the same shares immediately on the NYSE and earns a profit of $2 per share, this is referred to as an arbitrage.
This ultimately implies that, arbitrage allows an individual to profit from the price difference between similar goods, commodity, securities or currency in different markets.
A covered interest arbitrage can be defined as trading strategy in which an investor minimizes his or her currency risk by using a forward contract to hedge against the interest rate difference between two countries i.e the exchange rate risk. Thus, it's considered to be the most common interest rate arbitrage around the world.
Hence, a covered interest arbitrage involves both the purchase of a foreign asset and a forward contract in the market for foreign exchange.
You want to buy a house and will need to borrow $295,000. The interest rate on your loan is 6.37 percent compounded monthly and the loan is for 30 years. What are your monthly mortgage payments?
Answer:
$1,839.45
Explanation:
PV = P * [1-(1+r)^-n / r]
n = 30*12=360 months, r = 6.37%/12 = 0.5308% (monthly)
295,000 = P*[1 - (1+0.005308)^-360 / 0.005308}
295,000 = P * $160.3739
P = $295,000 / $160.3739
P = $1,839.45
So, the monthly mortgage payments is $1,839.45.
Poe Company is considering the purchase of new equipment costing $89,500. The projected annual cash inflows are $39,700, to be received at the end of each year. The machine has a useful life of 4 years and no salvage value. Poe requires a 10% return on its investments. The present value of an annuity of 1 and present value of an annuity for different periods is presented below. Compute the net present value of the machine.
Periods Present Value of 1 at 10% Present Value of an Annuity of 1 at 10%
1 0.9091 0.9091
2 0.8264 1.7355
3 0.7513 2.4869
4 0.6830 3.1699
A. $(22,101).
B. $(36,345).
C. $22,101.
D. $54,919.
E. $36,345.
Answer: E. $36,345
Explanation:
Net present value = Present value of inflows - Cost of equipment
The inflow is an annuity as it is a constant amount so is calculated as:
Present value of inflows = Inflow * Present value interest factor of an annuity, 10%, 4 years
= 39,700 * 3.1699
= $125,845.03
Net present value = 125,845.03 - 89,500
= $36,345.03
please someone should help me.....how do we solve the square root of x +8 plus the square root of x+1 equals 7.....note the question is a surd question
The solution to the surd equation here is x = 449/49
How to solve for the value of the surd[tex]\sqrt{x+8} +\sqrt{x-1} = 7[/tex]
We have to isolate the surds
[tex]\sqrt{x+8} =\sqrt{x-1} +7[/tex]
Square the both sides of the equation
x+8 = x-1+49-14√x-1
Separate the equations on the left and the right hand side
14√x-1 = -x-8+x-1+49
Rearrange the equation
14√x-1 = 40
square the both sides of the equation such that
196x -1796 = 0
Divide through by 196
x = 1796/196
x = 449/49
Read more on surds here:
https://brainly.com/question/26957266
#SPJ1
Here are some important figures from the budget of Crenshaw, Inc., for the second quarter of 2019:
April May June
Credit sales $416,000 $365,000 $453,000
Credit purchases 193,000 181,000 214,000
Cash disbursements
Wages, taxes, and expenses 81,100 76,600 105,300
Interest 10,800 10,800 10,800
Equipment purchases 40,000 12,500 161,000
The company predicts that 5 percent of its credit sales will never be collected, 25 percent of its sales will be collected in the month of the sale, and the remaining 70 percent will be collected in the following month. Credit purchases will be paid in the month following the purchase. In March 2019, credit sales were $343,000. Using this information, write down the cash budget.
Answer:
Beginning cash Balance 123,000 ; 150,200 ; 239,750
Cash receipts :
Cash collection from credit sales 344,100 ; 382,450 ; 368,750
Cash available 467,100 ; 532,650 ; 608,500
Cash disbursement :
Purchases 185,000 ; 193,000 ; 181,000
Wages, taxes and expenses 81,100 ; 76,600 ; 105,300
Interest 10,800 ; 10,800 ; 10,800
Equipment purchases 40,000 ; 12,500 ; 161,000
Total Cash disbursement 316,900 ; 292,900 ; 458,100
Ending Balance 150,200 ; 239,750 ; 150,400
Explanation:
Cash budgets are prepared to identify the movement of cash in business. The cash collections are the receipts and cash disbursement are the expense paid in cash.
WHAT IS THE SUPPLY CHAIN FRAMEWORK'S IN OKADA? WHAT IS THE MODEL ?
What is the present value of a 10-year annuity of $3,000 per period in which payments come at the beginning of each period
Answer: $18984.9
Explanation:
Your question isn't complete as you didn't give the interest rate. Let's assume that the interest rate is 12%.
Therefore, the present value will be:
= 3000 + 3000[1 - (1 + 0.12)^-10+1] / 0.12
= 3000 + (3000 × 5.3283)
= 3000 + 15984.9
= 18984.9
Therefore, the present value is $18984.9
Of the following statements, which best describes a legitimate disadvantage of cost-based pricing:
a. Marginal costs and revenues are difficult to measure
b. Determining the amount a customer is will to pay may require estimation
c. Most cost drivers are not readily available
d. Customers may not be willing to pay the price determined by the procedure