Answer:
Part 1
under-applied overheads = $8,000
Part 2
Schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the year.
Opening Work in process $ 42,000
Add Direct Materials $393,000
Add Direct Labor $ 80,000
Add Applied Overheads $434,000
Less Ending Work In Process ( $ 72,000)
Cost of Goods Manufactured $877,000
Explanation:
The amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead cost for the year.
Applied Overheads = Predetermined overheads rate x Actual machine hours
= $20 x 21,700 machine-hours
= $434,000
Since,
actual manufacturing overhead costs = $ 426,000
and
applied manufacturing overhead = $434,000
then
under-applied overheads = $8,000 ($434,000 - $ 426,000)
Schedule of cost of goods manufactured for the year.
Opening Work in process $ 42,000
Add Direct Materials ($ 22 + $ 420 - $ 32 - $ 17) $393,000
Add Direct Labor $ 80,000
Add Applied Overheads $434,000
Less Ending Work In Process ( $ 72,000)
Cost of Goods Manufactured $877,000
The standard amount of materials required to make one unit of Product Q is 4 pounds. Tusa's static budget showed a planned production of 6,200 units. During the period, the company actually produced 6,300 units of product. The actual amount of materials used averaged 3.9 pounds per unit. The standard price of material is $2 per pound. Based on this information, the materials usage variance was:\
Answer: $1,260 Favorable
Explanation:
Material usage variance = (Standard quantity of materials actually produced - Actual quantity of materials actually produced) * Standard price of material
= [ ( 4 * 6,300 ) - (3.9 * 6,300) ] * 2
= [ 25,200 - 24,570 ] * 2
= 630 * 2
= $1,260 Favorable
What annual rate of return is earned on a $13,000 investment made in year 2 when it grows to $17,000 by the end of year 7?
A. 10.64%.
B. 4.28%.
C. 8.04%.
D. 5.51%.
Answer:
It would be D. 5.51%
Answer:
D
Explanation:
It's accumulating for 5 years
[tex]17000=13000(1+i)^5\\1.307692308=(1+i)^5\\\sqrt[5]{1.307692308} =1+i\\i=.05511[/tex]
Markung's Co. is 100% equity-financed company (no debt or preferred stock); hence, its WACC equals it cost of common equality. Markung's Co.'s retained earnings will be sufficient to fund its capital budget in the foreseeable future. The company has a beta of 1.50, the risk-free rate is 5.0%, and the market return is 6.5%. What is Markung's Co.'s cost of equity?
Markung's Co. is financed exclusively using equity funding and has a cost of equity of 12.55%. It is considering the following projects for investment next year:
Project Required Investment Expected rate of return
W $22,450 13.10%
X $12,750 10.10%
Y $19,235 13.60%
Z $17,875 14.60%
Each Project has average risk, and Markung’s Co. accepts any project whose expected rate of return exceeds its cost of capital. How large should next year’s capital budget be?
Answer:
Markung Cost of Equity:
For this you should use the Capital Asset Pricing Model:
Cost of equity = Risk free rate + Beta * (Market return - Risk free rate)
= 5% + 1.50 * (6.5% - 5%)
= 7.25%
Total capital budget:
They will only pick projects with a rate of return that is higher than 12.55%:
= Project W + Project Y + Project Z
= 22,450 + 19,235 + 17,875
= $59,560
What is the rate of return for an investor who pays $1,054.47 for a three-year bond with a 7% coupon and sells the bond one year later for $1,037.19? Answer in percentage terms to 2 decimals and without the % sign.
Answer:
5.00
Explanation:
The rate of return for the investor can be determined using a holding period rate of return bearing in mind that the investor would incur a cash outflow of $1,054.47 whereas the investor would receive $1,037.19 and an annual coupon of 7% of the face value
holding period return=(selling price+annual coupon-purchase price)/purchase price
annual coupon=7%*$1000
annual coupon=$70.00
holding period return=($1,037.19+$70.00-$1,054.47)/$1,054.47
holding period return=5.00%
Rodgers Corporation agrees on January 1, 2019, to lease equipment from Packers, Inc. for 3 years. The lease calls for annual lease payments of $12,000 at the beginning of each year. The lease does not transfer ownership or contain a bargain purchase op- tion, and is not a specialized asset. In addition, the economic life of the equipment is 10 years, and the present value of the lease payments is less than 90% of the fair value of the equipment. Prepare Rodgers, journal entries on January 1, 2019 (commencement of the operating lease), and on December 31, 2019. Assume the implicit rate used by the lessor is 8%, and this is known to Rodgers. E21.17 003) Use the information for Rodgers Corporation and Packers, Inc. from BE21.16. Assume that for Packers, Inc., the lessor the collectibility of the lease payments is probable, and the fair value and cost of the equipment is $60,000. Prepare Packers' 2019 journal entries, assuming the company uses straight-line depreciation and no residual value.
Answer:
Rodgers Corporation and Packers, Inc.
Journal Entries:
1. Rodgers Corporation:
January 1, 2019:
Debit Right of Use Assets $33,400
Credit Lease Liability $33,400
To record the right of use asset and lease liability with the PV.
Debit Lease Liability $12,000
Credit Cash $12,000
To record the first payment of the lease liability on January 1, 2019
December 31, 2019:
Debit Amortization Expense $10,288
Debit Interest Expense $1,712
Credit Right of Use Assets $12,000
To record the annual amortization of the right of use assets.
Packers, Inc.
January 1, 2019:
Debit Cash $12,000
Credit Unearned Lease Revenue $12,000
To record unearned lease revenue.
December 31, 2019:
Debit Unearned Lease Revenue $12,000
Credit Lease Revenue $12,000
To record the earned lease revenue.
Debit Depreciation Expense $6,000
Credit Accumulated Depreciation- Leased Equipment $6,000
To record depreciation expense for the year.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
January 1, 2019
Annual lease payment at the beginning of each year = $12,000
The Present Value of annual lease payments = $33,400.
Implicit rate = 8%
To determine the PV of the lease payments:
N (# of periods) 3
I/Y (Interest per year) 8
PMT (Periodic Payment) 12000
FV (Future Value) 0
Results
PV = $33,399.18
Sum of all periodic payments $36,000.00
Total Interest $2,600.82
Schedule of Payments
Period PV PMT Interest FV
1 $33,400 $12,000.00 $1,712 $23,112
2 $23,112 $12,000.00 $889 $12,000
3 $12,000 $12,000.00 $0.00 $0.00
Analysis:
January 1, 2019:
Right of Use Assets $33,400 Lease Liability $33,400
Lease Liability $12,000 Cash $12,000
December 31, 2019:
Amortization Expense $10,288 Interest Expense $1,712 Right of Use Assets $12,000
Packers, Inc.
January 1, 2019:
Cash $12,000
Unearned Lease Revenue $12,000
December 31, 2019:
Unearned Lease Revenue $12,000
Lease Revenue $12,000
Depreciation Expense $6,000 ($60,000 ÷ 10)
Accumulated Depreciation- Leased Equipment $6,000
14.With earned value management (EVM), the Government can determine if a program is currently experiencing a/n
Answer: cost or schedule variance
Explanation:
Earned value management, refers to the project management technique that's used for the measurement of project progress and performance.
Earned value management integrates the cost, schedule, and scope in the measurement of project performance and this can be used by the government to determine if a program is currently experiencing a cost or schedule variance.
Duerr company makes a $67,000, 90-day, 10% cash loan to Ryan Co. The maturity value of the loan is: (Use 360 days a year.)
Answer:
the maturity value of the loan is $68,675
Explanation:
The maturity value of the loan is shown below:
= Loan amount + interest charged
= $67,000 + ($67,000 × 10% × 90 days ÷ 360 days)
= $67,000 + $1,675
= $68,675
hence, the maturity value of the loan is $68,675
By the 1990s, A. Tourism was possibly the largest single global industry. B. The manufacture of computers and microchips had moved from California to China. C. Cellular telephones outnumbered landline telephones. D. Food continued to be the most important production item.
Answer:
C. Cellular telephones outnumbered landline telephones
Explanation:
The cordless or portable phones as a handset that could be used as a landline were made popular. The cellular industry was one of the fastest growing industry in the market and still maintains a strong global position.bank holds $10 for every $100 in deposits. The bank wants to hold $9 for every $100 in deposits. The bank holds desired reserves of $7 comma 000 and actual reserves of $12 comma 000 . What is the actual reserve ratio, the desired reserve ratio, and the excess reserves ?
Answer:
Actual reserve ratio = Money that bank holds per deposit
= 10 / 100
= 10%
Desired reserve ratio = Money banks wants to hold per deposit
= 9 / 100
= 9%
Excess reserves = Actual reserves - desired reserves
= 12,000 - 7,000
= $5,000
A natural monopoly arises whenA. a single firm aggressively forces other competitors to exit and industry.B. a single firm has a monopoly over natural resources.C. two firms merge into a single firm in order to capture more of the market.D. a single firm can produce more cheaply than multiple firms due to a downward-sloping average total cost curve.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A monopoly is when there is only one firm operating in an industry. there are usually high barriers to entry of firms. the demand curve is downward sloping. it sets the price for its goods and services.
An example of a monopoly is a utility company
A natural monopoly occurs due to the high start-up costs or a large economies of scale.
Natural monopolies are usually the only company providing a service in a particular region
Characteristics of natural monopolies
they have a large fixed cost The firms have a low marginal costThey occur naturally through the free market. It does not occur by government regulation or any other forceAn important issue when developing a new service or changing an existing one is the question of how different the new service is compared to the current services offered by the firm. Which of the following is not a general factor to consider when determining this?a. Similarity to current servicesb. Similarity of expected customers to current customersc. Similarity to current processesd. Financial justification
Answer:
Option b: Similarity of expected customers to current customers
Explanation:
Designing Service Products
This is an essential requirements when developing a new service or changing an existing one. There is this view or notion of how different the new service is compared to the current services offered by the firm. There are three general factors to consider when determining this. It includes:
1. Similarity to current service
2. Current process
3. Financial justification
Characteristics of Product Design Process
It includes:
1. The companies often bring new products to market
2. There is an integral to success
3. It differs significantly depending on the industry etc.
The Major factors in design strategy includes;
1. Cost
2. Quality
3. Time to market
4. Customer satisfaction
5. Competitive advantage
Explain the nature of the exchange-rate risk for each of the following, from the perspective of the U.S. firm or person. In your answer, include whether each is a long or short position in foreign currency.
a. A small U.S. firm sold experimental computer components to a Japanese firm, and it will receive payment of 1 million yen in 60 days.
b. An American college student receives a birthday gift of Japanese government bonds worth 10 million yen, and the bonds mature in 60 days.
c. A U.S. firm must repay a yen loan, principal plus interest totaling 100 million yen, coming due in 60 days.
Answer:
a. U.S. firm has long position in yen since it has asset in yen.
b. An American student has long position in yen since it has asset of bonds in yen.
c. U.S. firm has liability position in yen, therefore it is short position.
Explanation:
a. The payment is to be received in next 60 days which means there is a risk of yen depreciation and then company will receive lower dollars. The company should hedge its exchange rate risk by selling yen now and buying dollars later.
b. The gift received in the form of bonds will mature in 60 days. There is uncertainty in dollar rate, if dollar appreciates against yen then student will receive less yen.
c. The dollar rate is unpredictable for yen in next 60 days. If yen appreciate then dollar will depreciate against yen and therefore amount of loan repayment will increase.
The beginning inventory of BG Action Figures is understated by $7 million at December 31, 20x8. What is the effect on 20x8 cost of goods sold? Group of answer choices $7 million overstated $7 million understated no effect none of the above
Answer:
$7million understated
Explanation:
Based on the information given the effect on 20x8 COST OF GOODS SOLD will be UNDERSTATED by $7 million reasons been that since the OPENING INVENTORY IS UNDERSTATED by $7 million which means that the COST OF GOODS SOLD will as well be UNDERSTATED by the same amount based on the fact that opening inventory adds to Cost of goods sold.
Consider golfers who led the Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) in winnings at different points in time. Note that the winnings are nominal figures (unadjusted for inflation).
Year Golfer Nominal Winnings (Dollars) U.S. CPI (1983 = 100) Winnings in 2009 Dollars
1965 Jack Nicklaus 140,752 31.5
1970 Lee Trevino 157,037 38.8
1982 Craig Stadler 446,462 96.5
2009 Tiger Woods 10,508,163 214.5 10,508,163
Fill in the missing values in the table above.
Answer:
Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA)
Winnings at Different Points in Time
Year Golfer Nominal U.S. CPI Winnings
Winnings (Dollars) (1983 = 100) in 2009 Dollars
1965 Jack Nicklaus 140,752 31.5 958,454
1970 Lee Trevino 157,037 38.8 868,156
1982 Craig Stadler 446,462 96.5 992,395
2009 Tiger Woods 10,508,163 214.5 10,508,163
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Year Golfer Nominal U.S. CPI Winnings
Winnings (Dollars) (1983 = 100) in 2009 Dollars
1965 Jack Nicklaus 140,752 31.5
1970 Lee Trevino 157,037 38.8
1982 Craig Stadler 446,462 96.5
2009 Tiger Woods 10,508,163 214.5 10,508,163
Calculating the missing values:
Year Golfer Nominal U.S. CPI Winnings
Winnings (Dollars) (1983 = 100) in 2009 Dollars
1965 Jack Nicklaus 140,752 31.5 958,454 (140,752*214.5/31.5)
1970 Lee Trevino 157,037 38.8 868,156 (157,037*214.5/38.8)
1982 Craig Stadler 446,462 96.5 992,395 (446,462*214.5/96.5)
2009 Tiger Woods 10,508,163 214.5 10,508,163
Which Company/Security report would be best for someone looking to compare a company to its peers in a single display
Which Company/Security report would be best for someone looking to compare a company to its peers in a single display is Comps.
In short, locating comps involves searching out current income of homes as similar to your very own belongings as viable, then evaluating your own home to them and adjusting your rate to account for the differences.
Comparable (comps) are utilized in valuations in which a currently offered asset is used to decide the price of a comparable asset. Comparable, regularly utilized in actual property to discover the honest price of a domestic, are a listing of latest asset income that replicate the traits of the asset and proprietor is seeking to promote.
Simply put, actual property comparable – or “comps” – are similar houses in a selected place that you are looking to shop for or promote in. Comps are used to decide the price of a domestic through evaluating it to comparable houses offered withinside the equal community or in a place as near as viable to the residence being valued.
Learn more about Comps here:
https://brainly.com/question/25950911
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Olin is a partner in Precision Plumbing. When the partners decide to dissolve the firm, Olin collects and distributes the assets. This results in
Answer: the termination of the firm's legal existence
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
a. the termination of the firm's legal existence.
b. the temporary suspension of the firm's business.
c. the continuation of the firm's business.
d. nothing with respect to the firm's existence
From the information given in the question, the partners decide to dissolve the firm and Olin collects and distributes the assets. Based on these reasons, this will results in the termination of the legal existence of the firm.
A rock group assigns its payment under a performance contract to the Costume Shop, a business that has supplied the group with outrageous stage outfits, and to which the group owes a great sum of money. Under this arrangement the rock group is the a. delegator. b. delegatee. c. assignee. d. assignor.
Answer:
Rock Group and Costume Shop
Under this arrangement the rock group is the
d. assignor.
Explanation:
The rock group, as the assignor, is the entity that transfers its property rights or its powers to payment to Costume Shop. The Costume Shop is the assignee because it is the entity to which property rights or powers to payment of the rock group are transferred. Under the performance contract, the rock group can also be described as the delegator while the Costume Shop is the delegatee. However, under payment terms, the rock is the assignor while the Costume Shop is the assignee.
By representing the budget and schedule associated with each task, the Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB) allows program managers to ___________________. Reduce overall life cycle costs Complete projects on time Compare the value of work performed to actual costs Complete comparative analyses more efficiently
Answer:
Option C (Compare......actual costs) is the correct alternative.
Explanation:
The benchmark establishing performance measurements takes place just at beginning of the assignment to monitor the construction process.Three restrictions exist, notably timeframe, scope as well as money. Benchmark employee performance simply monitors the implementation with these restrictions. This enables system management to identify discrepancies promptly.The situation presented is not connected to other alternatives. This is the solution, therefore.
Name two of the organizations that are involved in standards or installation requirements for home automation systems:
Answer:
American National Standards Institute
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Explanation:
The American National Standards Institute oversees the standardization of products, systems, and services in the United States as well as the harmonization of these standards with those obtainable in other countries. They also accredit the standards developed by other standards organizations.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers makes educational contributions to the advancement and development of standards and installation systems. It is a merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers.
The Production Department of Hruska Corporation has submitted the following forecast of units to be produced by quarter for the upcoming fiscal year:
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
Units to be produced 10,400 9,400 11,400 12,400
Each unit requires 0.25 direct labor-hours and direct laborers are paid $12.00 per hour. In addition, the variable manufacturing overhead rate is $1.70 per direct labor-hour. The fixed manufacturing overhead is $84,000 per quarter. The only noncash element of manufacturing overhead is depreciation, which is $24,000 per quarter.
Required:
1. Prepare the company’s direct labor budget for the upcoming fiscal year, assuming that the direct labor workforce is adjusted each quarter to match the number of hours required to produce the forecasted number of units produced.
2. Prepare the company’s manufacturing overhead budget.
Answer and Explanation:
The preparation is presented below:
1. For Direct labor budget
Particulars 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter Year
Production Units 10400 9400 11400 12400 43600
direct labor time
per unit (hr) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Total direct labor
hour needed 2600 2350 2850 3100 10900
direct labor cost
per hour 12 12 12 12 12
Total direct
labor cost 31200 28200 34200 37200 130800
2. For Manufacturing overhead budget
Particulars 1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter Year
Variable
manufacturing overhead 4420 3995 4845 5270 18530
Fixed manufacturing
overhead 84000 84000 84000 84000 336000
Total manufacturing
overhead 88420 87995 88845 89270 354530
Less: depreciation -24000 -24000 -24000 -24000 -96000
cash disbursement
for manufacturing overhead 64420 63995 64845 65270 258530
Classify the transaction as either an operating activity, an investing activity, a financing activity, or a noncash activity:
1. Common stock is sold for cash
2. Bonds payable are issued for cash at a discount
3. Interest on a short-term note receivable is collected
4. Merchandise is sold to customers for cash
5. Cash paid to purchase inventory
Answer:
1. financing activity
2. financing activity
3. investing activity
4. operating activity
5. operating activity
Explanation:
Operating Activities includes Firms activities in sale and purchase of Inventory.
Investing Activities shows cash resulting from acquiring and sale of assets as well as receipt of interest on the investments.
Financing Activities shows cash resulting from raising capital or debt and the repayment of debt.
Productivity is difficult to measure because precise units of measure are available, quality is consistent, and exogenous variables don't change. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
All of the statements being made are False. Productivity is measured by stats. For example, in any given month a certain number of products are produced by a fixed number of employees, the next month the same value is calculated and compared with the previous month. This lets you know if productivity is increasing or decreasing. The quality of anything depends on the time and effort being implemented in making something, if this changes then so does the quality. Exogenous variables are simply variables that are not affected by other variables in a given environment, this does not mean that they cannot change. Even though they are independent they can still change. For example, the weather is an exogenous variable but it can still change from Raining to Sunny.
Which per unit cost does the slope of the total cost line represent? Group of answer choices Fixed Variable. Semivariable Step-variable
Answer: Variable cost
Explanation:
The slope of a regression line is meant to represent the change in the total variable or y, as a result of a change in the number of independent observations or x.
The cost that changes during production as a result of an increase in x which is the volume of products, is the variable cost so it is the slope of the total cost line,
Slope of total cost line:
y = mx + c
y = total cost
m = variable cost. m is also slope.
x = production volume
c = fixed cost
what is gompertz function
Answer:
The Gompertz curve or Gompertz function is a type of mathematical model for a time series, named after Benjamin Gompertz (1779–1865). It is a sigmoid function which describes growth as being slowest at the start and end of a given time period. ... It is a special case of the generalised logistic function.
Small businesses make up the majority of the competitive landscape for most businesses. There are approximately __________ small businesses in the United States.
Answer:
29 million
Explanation:
The Small Business Administration (SBA) is an agency of the federal government that is saddled with the responsibility of providing both managerial and financial assistance to small businesses in the United States of America. SBA was established in 1953 as an autonomous or independent agency of the government of the United States of America. Generally, it is saddled with the responsibility of providing both managerial and financial assistance and counseling to small businesses in order to bolster the American economy.
The small business administration (SBA) serves as an intermediary between entrepreneurs and investors or creditors, in order to provide them with the necessary funds required to plan, start and grow their business.
Basically, SBA provides services such as entrepreneurial development, access to funds, advocacy and contracting to small businesses (entrepreneurs) in the United States of America.
In the United States of America, majority of the competitive landscape or business environment is made up of small business enterprise.
According to the small business administration (SBA), there are approximately 29 million small businesses in the United States.
The short-run elasticity of demand for gasoline sold at gasoline stations is 0.20. If terrorism causes the supply of gasoline to fall, resulting in a 5 percent drop in quantity, if other things remain the same, the price per gallon will increase by:___________
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
Price elasticity of supply measures the responsiveness of quantity supplied to changes in price of the good.
Price elasticity of supply = percentage change in quantity supplied / percentage change in price
0.2 =5% / percentage change in price
percentage change in price = 5/0.2 = 25%
If the absolute value of price elasticity is greater than one, it means supply is elastic. Elastic supply means that quantity supplied is sensitive to price changes.
Supply is inelastic if a small change in price has little or no effect on quantity supplied. The absolute value of elasticity would be less than one
Supply is unit elastic if a small change in price has an equal and proportionate effect on quantity supplied.
Bims Corporation uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The Assembly Department started the month with 2,400 units in its beginning work in process inventory that were 70% complete with respect to conversion costs. An additional 62,000 units were transferred in from the prior department during the month to begin processing in the Assembly Department. There were 20,000 units in the ending work in process inventory of the Assembly Department that were 60% complete with respect to conversion costs. What were the equivalent units for conversion costs in the Assembly Department for the month
Answer:
56,400 units
Explanation:
The computation of the equivalent units for conversion costs in the Assembly Department is given below:
But the transferred units is
= Beginning work in process inventory units + additional units - ending work in process inventory units
= 2,400 units + 62,000 units - 20,000 units
= 44,400 units
Now the equivalent units for conversion costs equal to
= Transferred units × percentage of completion + ending work in process inventory units × percentage of completion
= 44,400 units × 100% + 20,000 units ×60%
= 44,400 units + 12,000 units
= 56,400 units
A loan processing operation that processes an average of 7 loans per day. The operation has a design capacity of 10 loans per day and an effective capacity of 8 loans per day. A furnace repair team that services an average of 3 furnaces a day if the design capacity is 9 furnaces a day and the effective capacity is 8 furnaces a day.
a. Utilization ____________ %
b. Efficiency ____________ %
Would you say that systems that have higher efficiency ratios than other systems will always have higher utilization ratios than those other systems?
Answer:
Efficiency = Actual Output / Effective Capacity * 100%
Utilization = Actual Output / Design Capacity * 100%
Loan processing operation
Actual output = 9 loans per day
Design capacity = 10 loans per day
Effective capacity = 8 loans per day
Utilization = 9/10 * 100
Utilization = 90.0%
Efficiency = 9/8 x 100
Efficiency = 112.5%
Furnace repair team
Actual output = 3 furnaces per day
Design capacity = 9 furnaces per day
Effective capacity = 8 furnaces per day
Utilization = 3/9 * 100
Utilization = 33.3%
Efficiency = 3/8 * 100
Efficiency = 37.5 %
Assume that EEG Company wanted to reduce the cost of materials handling in each of its stores, and management set a target reduction of 2 percent per year. If a given store has current annual materials handling costs of $200,000 and expected an increase next year due to 15 percent growth, the budget for next year would be: A. $230,000 B. $216,000 C. $196,000 D. $225,400
A rate-making method designed to adjust a premium to reflect the actual loss experience of an insured during the policy period is known as:_______.
a. retrospective rating,
b. experience rating,
c. premium discount,
d. all of the above
Answer:
a. retrospective rating
Explanation:
Retrospective Rating can be regarded as a rating plan which is able to give
adjustments to it's premium, this rating can be subjected to a certain minimum as well as maximum, the rating is able to reflect or state the current loss experience of the insured. This rating give combination of actual losses as well as graded expenses so that produce a premium that reflects the current experience of the insured accurately can be produced. It should be noted that retrospective rating is a rate-making method designed to adjust a premium to reflect the actual loss experience of an insured during the policy period