The city of Los Angeles wants to know if there is a connection between physical fitness and air pollution. Fifty volunteers from the mayor’s office agree to be tested. First, they are asked to ride a stationary bike for 1 hour in a pollution-free air chamber. A week later, the 50 volunteers return and are again asked to ride a stationary bike for 1 hour in a chamber filled with air pollutants common to Los Angeles. Their heart rates are monitored throughout the 1 hour bike rides. Name the control group Name the experimental group Name the independent variable Name the dependent variable

Answer:

carrots

Explanation:

carrots

Answer:

NADP is the cofactors in photosynthesis which loses electrons,becomes reduced(NADPH) in photosynthesis. It transfer  electrons  in reduced form(NADPH) into the stroma of the chloroplast. The H is splits into e- and H+

These electrons for the ETC chains, generates the PMF for pumping H+ as protrons into the thylakoid  intramembranes.

Outer membrane covers  the intramembrane space, between these two membranes layers. The protons in the intramembrane space generate the electrochemical gradient for the supply of  the energy used by ATPase synthase for ATP synthesis from phosphorylation with ADP.

The chloroplast is made up of both the outer and inner membrane,separated by the intramembrane space. The walls of the intramembrane space is guided by the outer envelope. 

Therefore with the outer envelope removed, the intramembrane is exposed,more protons(H+) are released, but can not be held in the outer envelope to form electrochemical gradients,beacause the intramembrane space is now permable.

Thus   the rate of reduction of DCPIP is faster.The  color changes to colorless increases when reduced , from blue color.

Explanation:

The reduction of the dye DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) works best using chloroplasts whose outer envelopes have been damaged during preparation because it allows easier access for DCPIP to the electron transport chain (ETC) components.

The outer envelope of chloroplasts contains phospholipid bilayers that act as barriers, limiting the movement of molecules in and out of the chloroplasts.

When the outer envelopes are damaged, DCPIP can diffuse more freely into the chloroplasts and come into contact with the ETC components, particularly photosystem I.

DCPIP acts as an electron acceptor, and in the presence of light, it is reduced by electrons from photosystem I, resulting in its color change from blue to colorless.

The damaged outer envelopes facilitate the interaction between DCPIP and the ETC, leading to more efficient reduction.

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Answer:

Some alleles are dominant, meaning they ultimately determine the expression of a trait. Other alleles are recessive and are much less likely to be expressed.

Answer:

a- 1

b- 2

c- 2

d- 2

e- 2

f- 2

Explanation:

Genetics and Genomics are two terms that are used commonly in molecular biology but mean entirely different things.

Genetics is the study of individual (single) genes and their role in genetic inheritance i.e. heredity while Genomics is the study of all the genetic composition of an individual (genome) and how they interact with one another and their environment.

Based on the explanation above,

- the study of individual gene is classified as GENETICS

- study interactions between many genes is classified as GENOMICS

- study of DNA, which contains all the genes of an individual is classified as GENOMICS

- sequencing the genome of organisms is classified as GENOMICS.

- control of gene expression is classified as GENOMICS because it involves expression of information in the genes, which is a branch of genomics called functional genomics

- observing mutant effects across the genome is classified as GENOMICS

Classify each action as belonging to genetics, genomics, or both.

a. Study individual gene - Genetics

b. Study interactions between many genes - Genomics

c. Study DNA - Both (primarily Genetics)

d. Sequence genome of organisms - Genomics

e. Control gene expression - Genetics

f. Observe mutant effects across the genome - Genomics

Therefore, the correct options for A, B, C, D, E and F are 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 and 2 respectively.

Individual genes are the main subject of genetics, which also looks at how they are transmitted among populations as well as their structure, function, and variations. It involves examining the genetic information and traits that are transferred from one generation to the next.  When studying the relationships between multiple genes and their overall effects on an organism, genomics takes a macro approach.

Therefore, the correct options for A, B, C, D, E and F are 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 and 2 respectively.

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Answer:

[tex]\Large \boxed{\mathrm{facts}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Science is based on facts.

Science has testable explanations, proofs, theories, and predictions. All are based on facts.

Answer:

sceince is based on facts

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answers is "turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status".

Explanation:

Kinases and phosphatases are two type of enzymes that catalyze the transference of phosphate groups, where kinases add phosphate groups and phosphatases cleave them. Both are essential because turn proteins "on and off" through changes in the aforementioned phosphorylation status. Most of the phosphorylation are reversible, and they are considered as allosteric regulation

Kinase is an enzyme responsible for attaching phosphate groups to protein while phosphatases remove the attached phosphate group from the protein.

These two enzymes modulate the activity of a protein in a cell which is very important for cell functioning and communications.

The correct answer is:

Kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell because they directly turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status.

The reason for the answer is:

Therefore,  Kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell because they directly turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status.

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Explanation:

option A is ur answer mate. ........

Answer:

A,B

Explanation:

The provided question is incomplete as it lack the group of choice required to answer, however, the correct options are as follows:

A) increased extracellular fluid water levels

B) decreased filtrate NaCl concentration

C) sympathetic stimulation

D) decreased stretch due to decreased blood pressure

Answer:

The correct answer is option A) increased extracellular fluid water levels

Explanation:

Juxtaglomerular granular cells are the group of cells present in the kidney that produce, store and release the enzyme known as the renin. These cells are present in the walls of the afferent arterioles mainly.

Renin is the enzyme release in order to release angiotensin I in order to increase the blood pressure. The release of the renin is depend on various triggers sense by juxtaglomerular granular cells such as decreased filtrate NaCl concentration , decreased stretch due to decreased blood pressure and sympathetic stimulation  or other stimuli. However, increased extracellular fluid water levels is not responsible for the release of renin.

Thus, the correct answer is option A) increased extracellular fluid water levels

Answer:

a. epidermal.

Explanation:

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. The skin is made up of three layers.

The epidermis acts as a barrier to infection and regulates the amount of water released from the body

Answer:

The formation of one isochromosome

Explanation:

In cytogenetics, an isochromosome is a structurally abnormal chromosome that renders two chromosome arms which are identical inverses of each other. An isochromosome is caused by simultaneous duplication and deletion of genetic information during DNA replication. The resulting isochromosome will contain two identical copies of either the long or short chromosome arms that are disposed as a mirror image.

Answer:

Explanation:

What do the lichens and mosses produce to break down rocks to begin the formation of soil?

In the chemical weathering, lichens secrete organic acids, specifically oxalic acid, which efficiently break down minerals and chelate the metallic cations (Chen et al. 2000) . In addition, lichens stimulate secondary mineral formation through turgor pressure and production of exopolysaccharide. ...

Answer:

Please see below  

Explanation:

The supporting data has been organized in a table and attached as an image herein. As can be clearly seen from the data table, the zones under study are nothing alike. The home area is mostly for residential use and gives the greatest percentage for being used for housing purposes. However, the Mount Pinatubo area is mostly being for vegetation.  

Answer: Option C.

SAID

Explanation:

The principle the trainer adopted is Specific adaptation imposed demand.

It describe specific adaptation imposed demand because In SAID principle, different sports posses its own unique demand and in order to improve skills base on a particular sports, human body adapts to the imposed demands by practicing the sports unique moves to asserts the sport demand.

Answer:

if tge cat doesnot come to you when you dont give it food it means he loves food not u

Answer:

lets see

Explanation:

one the place a food near you and if the cat looks down the food with out looking at you then you understand he loves food

C. Connection is NOT helpful with memorization.

Memorization is an ability that may be useful to humans in a spread of conditions, whether or not for paintings or of their private lifestyles. you can grow to be higher at memorizing data whilst you actively interact with methods to make remembering information easier.

In case you memorize something, you examine it so properly that you could repeat it from memory. John memorized a mathematical encyclopedia but he still would not recognize arithmetic. she can memorize a whole web page from a newspaper in a single minute.

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Answer:

I'm guessing, but if the image is a circle, and the line touches both sides it's the diameter. If the line is only half of the circle then, it's a radius.

Explanation:

Volume is L x W x H (Length x Width x Height)

Area is L x W (Length x Width)

The measurement indicated by the line across the center of the cell is best referred to as Diameter (C).

The diameter is a imaginary line across the center of the given circular structure such as a cell.

In conclusion, the measurement indicated by the line across the center of the cell is best referred to as Diameter.

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This question seems to be incomplete because the experiment is not described but it is possible to answer it.

The correct answer is B. Redi disproved spontaneous generation.

Explanation:

Francesco Redi was an important scientist during the 17th century known for his experiments about maggots in rotten meat. This is because during Redi's time it was believed rotten meat was the origin of maggots because maggots seemed to emerge from this. Additionally, this perception was related to the spontaneous generation or the idea life can emerge from non-living materials. The results of this experiment show the idea about spontaneous generation was not true in the case of meat and maggots because maggots were simply the result of eggs flies laid on rotten meat. This means this experiment disproved spontaneous generation.

Answer:

The correct answer is B.  Redi disproved spontaneous generation.

Explanation:

Hope this helps! Sorry for being rude earlier. I was just mad that I got the answer wrong.

Answer:

The cells of the ear detect these the position of the head: proprioceptors are guided in the hydrostative pressure and the movement of the intracochlear fluid with the movement. That is why it complies with the following statements: Sensitivity remains constant, Responds to change (we say that it responds to change because when changing position the intracochlear fluid is where the movement of the head is perceived).

The proprioceptors of the epithelial cells (MERKEL CELLS. THEY ARE THE ONLY SENSORY CELLS TOGETHER WITH THOSE OF LANGERHANS), are proprioceptors that capture different textile textures that contact the skin. But throughout our lives this sensitivity decreases, that is why it complies with the following statements: Responds continuously, Sensitivity decreases over time, nociceptors continuously detect pain (to be able to perceive if the innate protective barrier that is epithelial continuity is damaged, since in the face of damage or discontinuity due to a cut or injury we are unprotected by the innate epithelial defense barrier).

Explanation:

I hope the answer has served you, the body's proprioceptors are everywhere and are receptors specialized in capturing very fine stimuli, that is why they are considered proprioceptors with a very low uptake threshold.

The textural propipceptors that are epithelial, or pain, are different from those found in the ear.

Answer:

C

Neither males nor females

Answer:

On October 8, 1871, a fire broke out in a barn on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois. For more than 24 hours, the fire burned through the heart of Chicago, killing 300 people and leaving one-third of the city's population homeless. The "Great Rebuilding" was the effort to construct a new, urban center.

Explanation:

Answer:

It must restate the question.

Among the given choices "It must restate the question"  is NOT a rule when writing a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is a predicted or proposed explanation for any scientific question or problem, it is based on prior knowledge or limited evidence. It is a research statement.

If restates the hypothesis was formed earlier, it might change the meaning of the question of research, which can result in errors in the study. thus, it should not be restated.   Therefore, other options are rules of writing a hypothesis.

Therefore, the option says - "It must restate the question"  is NOT a rule when writing a hypothesis.

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Answer:

a substance that can dissolve other substances

Explanation:

i just know this stuff. hope this helps and please mark as brainiest

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

The lac operon consists of a coding region, which contains three genes that code for proteins needed to metabolize lactose, and a regulatory region, which regulates transcription of the coding region because The lac operon comprises of a coding region, that is made up of three genes . These genes code for proteins that is needed to metabolize lactose, and a regulatory region, which help to regulate transcription of the coding region.

The three enzymes are lacZ, lacY, and lacA . LacZ is responsible for encodinv an enzyme called β-galactosidase, which help to digest lactose and break it into two constituent sugars: glucose and galactose. lacY is a permease which move lactose into the cell.

Answer:

Cellular organization and metabolism are two items necessary to consider an organism alive.

Explanation:

There are certain characteristics that belong to living beings and that they all have in common. These are distinctive characteristics that do not include any non-living object. Among others, we can name the followings:

1) Precise cellular organization. The cellular theory states that every living being is conformed of basic units named cells and their products that result from the cellular activity. Although organisms vary in size and shape, all of them are formed by cells. A cell is the simplest part of the living matter which is capable of performing every necessary activity needed for life. Some of the simplest organisms, such as bacterias or some algae, are unicellular. This unique cell must be polyfunctional, as it has to perform many activities. On the other hand, many other organisms are highly complex pluricellular. All the processes of the entire organism depend on the correct and coordinated functioning of every constituting cell. The more complex the organism is, the more specialized are the cells, differentiating from each other, and acquiring certain specific functions. These are, for example, the epidermic cells, muscular cells, nervous cells, reproductive cells, among others.

2) Metabolism. In any living being there happen many essential chemical reactions needed for appropriate nutrition, growth,  cellular repairing,  energy conversion, among others. All of these chemical reactions in the organisms are known as metabolism. These cellular activities begin when the organism takes life, and continue through its whole life. When chemical reactions stop, the organisms might be considered to be dead. Every specific cell in the organisms take substances that chemically modify, in many different ways, to integrate new cellular components.  Some of these nutrients are used in cellular respiration. During this process, part of the energy stored is taken by the cell for its own use.  This energy is also needed for synthesis and other cellular activities. In most organisms, cellular respiration requires oxygen provided by the gas interchange. Cellular wastes, such as carbon dioxide and water must be eliminated from the organism. Every chemical reaction is regulated by specific enzymes.  

Answer:

Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans, for activities such as hunting, logging, or mining, while preservation means protecting nature from human use.

Answer:

Conservation is similar to preservation, but while both relate to the protection of nature, they strive to accomplish this task in different ways. Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans, for activities such as hunting, logging, or mining, while preservation means protecting nature from human use

Answer:

Locomotion and Irritability

All of the following about the spinal nerves are true except that the spinal nerves enter and exit the brain stem, which is in option B. The spinal nerves enter and exit from the spinal cord only.

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord, which are both considered to be the central regulatory parts of the body. The CNS contains numerous nerve fibers that are attached to various organs and regulate their functions, such as excitement, running, and so on.

The spinal cord has many nerves that associate with different organs, and these nerves are called spinal nerves, and such nerves of the brain are called cranial nerves. The sensory and motor nerves associated with the various organs carry information to this parts and send actions in response.

Hence, all of the following about the spinal nerves are true except that the spinal nerves enter and exit the brain stem, which is in option B.

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Answer:

Deforestation

it is because if there are trees present in our environment they hold the soil and prevent from erosion and degradation

Explanation:

Deforestation because trees hold the land degradation.

Answer:

O C. The population's growth rate is increasing exponentially

Based on the information provided, the graph, and the timeline, the statement that best describes the growth of the human population is: The population's growth rate is increasing exponentially, as in Option C.

This rapid increase in the human population over the past few centuries is often attributed to advances in technology, medicine, and agriculture. These advances have made it possible to sustain a larger population by increasing food production, improving sanitation, and reducing mortality rates. As a result, the human population has grown at an exponential rate, with the rate of growth increasing over time. However, it is important to note that the rate of growth may eventually slow down as the population approaches its limit, and there may be various limiting factors such as resource availability, climate change, or disease outbreaks that could affect population growth in the future.

Hence, the correct answer is: "The population's growth rate is increasing exponentially," which is in Option C.

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A piece of evidence that supports the second student's argument is: D. The birds have different mating seasons.

A species can be defined as a biological classification of related organisms that have similar characteristics and they are capable of breeding (mating) with one another in a cycle or seasons.

Some examples of species of various organisms include the following:

In conclusion, the second student's argument is supported by the fact that birds have different mating seasons.

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In same species, a piece of evidence that supports the second student's argument is the birds have different mating seasons.

In biology, a species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

If the offspring cannot breed and produce offspring, then the original two organisms are classified as different species. For example, a donkey and a horse are different species, but they are capable of mating and reproducing an organism.

The classification system commonly used today is based on the Linnean system and has eight levels of taxa; from the most general to the most specific, these are domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.

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