True, if a majority of the Supreme Court justices agree on the outcome of a case, but not as to the reasoning for reaching that outcome, it is called a decision.
In other words, a decision is the official ruling or result of a case that is reached by a majority of the justices. The reasoning, or the written opinion explaining the basis for the decision, can be provided by one or more of the justices in the majority. However, if the majority of the justices agree on the reasoning as well as the outcome, it is called a majority opinion. It is also worth noting that when a decision is reached by a bare majority, with only 5 out of 9 justices agreeing, the reasoning behind the decision may be fragmented and include multiple opinions. In such cases, the lead opinion, which represents the views of the majority of the justices, carries the greatest weight. The dissenting opinions, which represent the views of the justices who did not agree with the majority, can also provide important insights and can shape future decisions.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. riding with their ___ on at all times and avoid riding in vehicle's blind spots will help motorcyclists to be seen.
Riding with their headlight on at all times and avoid riding in vehicle's blind spots will help motorcyclists to be seen. Hence, the correct answer is headlight.
What do you understand by vehicle's blind spots?A blind spot is simply an area that neither your unaided eyes nor your car's mirrors can cover, as the name implies. The majority of the vehicles in the back are visible in your rearview mirror, while those in front are directly in front of you. Every automobile has blind spots. These are areas or zones that a driver cannot see when looking in their vehicle's side- or rear-view mirrors. A driver should always turn their head and scan the road for other vehicles when changing lanes because blind spots exist. A blind spot is a small area of the visual field in each eye where the optic disc, also known as the optic nerve head, is located within the retina.
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carter was stopped by the police and accidentally mistaken as a wanted criminal. he was taken to the police station and held for four days. if he were to sue, what law would be applicable?
Carter was stopped by the police and accidentally mistaken as a wanted criminal. If he were to sue, civil law would be applicable.
What is civil law?
Civil law is an international legal system. The fundamental source of law is a referable system that contains the key principles of Roman law. Roman law serves as the intellectual underpinning for the civil law system. It is sometimes said that the common law system, which originated in medieval England, is similar to the civil law system. Contrary to civil law, which takes the form of legal texts, common law systems historically obtained their rules from uncodified case law that arose from judicial decisions, treating earlier court decisions as binding precedent.
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What amendments did Plessy v Ferguson violate?
A significant 1896 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court known as Plessy v. Ferguson established racial segregation as constitutional under the "separate but equal" principle.
The incident that gave rise to the case occurred in 1892 when Homer Plessy, an African American train passenger, refused to sit in a car designated for Black people.
The Supreme Court found that legislation that "implies only a juridical distinction" between white people and Black people was not unconstitutional, rejecting Plessy's claim that his constitutional rights were violated.
As a result, discriminatory Jim Crow laws and distinct public spaces depending on Democrats consolidated control of state legislatures throughout the region when the Compromise of 1877 caused the removal of federal soldiers from the South, essentially bringing an end to Reconstruction.
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The framework presented to understand American politics is a set of interrelated actors and influences that operate in which of the following interconnected realms?
The framework presented to understand American politics is a set of interrelated factors and influences that operate in structural factors, political linkages, and governmental sectors.
What is the foundation of the American political system?
The chairman, who serves as both the head of state and the head of government, Congress, and the bar all share powers typically reserved for the public government, and the civil government and state governments concertedly exercise sovereignty in the United States, which is a indigenous civil democracy. The United States is more meetly described as a indigenous civil democracy, while constantly being called a republic. The civil popular democracy type of governance is established under the Constitution.
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f the broker receives a cash payment in an amount of $10,000 or greater from a single transaction, he or she must?
He must complete Form 8300, Report of Cash Payments Over $10,000 Received in a Trade or Business.
What are you saying, my trade?Trade is the exchange of goods and services, frequently for cash, between one person or entity to another. A network or structure that facilitates trading is referred to as a market by economists.
Bartering, or trading without using money, was an early type of trade that involved the direct exchange of products and services for other commodities and services. Modern business negotiations typically involve a medium of exchange like money.
Therefore, selling and earning can be distinguished from purchasing. The creation of money, along with the letter of credit, paper money, and virtual currency, tremendously facilitated and encouraged trade. Bilateral trade is business conducted between two parties, whereas multilateral trade involves more parties.
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The concept of _____ ensures that morality does not interfere with our inclination to obey the law.A. Legal positivismB. Public lawC. Natural lawD. Administrative law
The concept of Legal positivism ensures that morality does not interfere with our inclination to obey the law.
A school of scientific adjudication known as legal positivism was substantially created in the 18th and 19th centuries by legal theorists like Jeremy Bentham and John Austin. The most popular legal positivist person who wrote this article in English has been H. L. A. Hart, who revealed in 1958 that common usages of "positivism" as adhered to law also included the claims that:
1. laws are controls of human beings;
2. there is no necessary relationship between law and morality, that is, between law as it is and as it ought to be;
3. Correct judgements can be deduced from specified legal norms sans making reference to social circumstances in a closed, formal legal system.
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which statement is true about an introducing broker-dealer? a introducing broker-dealers keep custody of customer funds and securities b introducing broker-dealers send customers trade confirmations and statements of account c introducing broker-dealers maintain their accounts at a clearing firm d introducing broker-dealers cannot be finra members
The claim concerning an introducing broker-dealer is valid since (c) introducing broker-dealers keep their accounts at a clearing company.
The required details for broker-dealer in given paragraph
A broker-dealer (B-D) is a person or corporation that trades securities for its own account or on behalf of clients. Because the majority of stock brokerages serve as both agents and principals, the term "broker-dealer" is used to define them in terms of U.S. securities laws. When a brokerage executes orders on behalf of its clients, it performs the role of a broker (or agent), as opposed to the role of a dealer (or principal), when the brokerage trades for its own account.
A financial institution known as a broker-dealer engages in the trading of securities on behalf of customers but may also trade on its own behalf.
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What is national labor relations act definition us history
The National Labor Relations Act is a law that grants workers the right to form or join unions; engage in defended conditioning to address or ameliorate working conditions.
Congress legislated the National Labor Relations Act(" NLRA") in 1935 to cover the rights of workers, to encourage collaborative logrolling, and to dock certain private sector labor and operation practices, which can harm the general weal of workers, businesses and theU.S. frugality.
The NLRA guarantees the right of workers to organize and bargain inclusively with their employers and to engage in other defended combined exertion. workers covered by the NLRA * are defended from certain types of employer and union misconduct.
It focuses on private-sector workers. It prohibits employers from snooping with workers who wish to exercise their collaborative logrolling rights.
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libertarian governments have sought to censor political speech by stifling dissent in their countries.A. TRUEB. FALSE
It is False that libertarian governments have sought to censor political speech by stifling dissent in their countries.
The American Libertarian Party defines libertarianism as the support for a government that receives its funding willingly and is only responsible for defending its citizens against coercion and violence. A political theory known as libertarianism upholds liberty as a fundamental principle. By emphasising the rule of law, pluralism, cosmopolitanism, cooperation, civil and political rights, bodily autonomy, free association, free trade, freedom of expression, freedom of choice, freedom of movement, individualism, and voluntary association, libertarians aim to maximise autonomy and political freedom and minimise the state's encroachment on and violations of individual liberties. Anarchists, especially social anarchists, as well as more broadly libertarian communists/Marxists and libertarian socialists were among the anti-authoritarian and anti-state socialists who gave rise to libertarianism.
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Lynn transfers land having a $50,000 adjusted basis, an $80,000 FMV, and $10,000 cash to Allied Corporation in exchange for 100% of Allied's stock. The corporation assumes the $70,000 mortgage on the land. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Lynn recognizes no gain and the stock basis is $60,000.
B) Lynn recognizes a $10,000 gain and the stock basis is $60,000.
C) Lynn recognizes no gain and the stock basis is $50,000.
D) Lynn recognizes a $10,000 gain and the stock basis is zero
B) Lynn recognizes a $10,000 gain and the stock basis is $60,000.
Lynn exchanged the land for stock in this transaction, so the $50,000 adjusted basis of the land is carried over to the stock. The stock has a fair market value of $80,000, and Lynn received $10,000 in cash as part of the transaction, so the stock's basis is $50,000 + $10,000 = $60,000.
The corporation assumed a $70,000 mortgage, but this has no effect on Lynn's stock basis.
Lynn made a profit of $80,000 - $50,000 = $30,000 on the sale of the land. The $10,000 cash received in the transaction, on the other hand, reduces the gain to $30,000 - $10,000 = $10,000, which Lynn must recognize for tax purposes.
The correct statement is "B) Lynn recognizes a $10,000 gain and the stock basis is $60,000."
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In your opinion, should ride share drivers (people who drive for companies like Uber or Lyft) be classified as employees or independent contractors? Why or why not?
I believe that ride-share drivers should be classified as employees rather than independent contractors. Ride share drivers are responsible for providing a service to customers and are subject to the rules and regulations of the ride-share company.
What is Uber?Generally, As such, they should have the same rights and protections that employees enjoy, such as minimum wage, overtime pay, health insurance, and other forms of job-related benefits.
Furthermore, ride share drivers are subject to the same degree of control and direction from the ride-share company as an employee would be, and they are not able to set the terms and conditions of their own employment. Therefore, they should be classified as employees.
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below are the reduced augmented matrices corresponding with 3x3 systems of equations. determine the type of solutions to each corresponding system of equations
Using the Guass Jordan approach, the augmented matrix is resolved by conducting rows operations. The identity matrix is represented in this case by a portion of the augmented matrix.
First, convert the linear equation system into an augmented matrix. Step 2: To get a leading 1 in the first row, use simple row operations. Step 3: To acquire zeroes below the leading 1, use simple row operations. Step 4: To get a leading 1 in the second row and second column, use basic row operations. This indicates that there will always be a single solution with x=5 and y=4 for whatever value of z. The augmented matrix therefore has an endless number of solutions. As a result, the system can be solved in an endless number of ways.
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The complete question is: Below Are The Reduced Augmented Matrices Corresponding With 3 X 3 Systems Of Equations. Determine The Type Of Solutions To Each Corresponding System Of Equations -57 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Select An Answer 1 3 5 6 Si 0 0 1 0 0 1 Select An Answer > 3 5 0 Ri 0 5 37 0 1 -6 5 0 0 0 0 Select An Answer
The power of both the state and federal governments to influence education policy is an example of __________ federalism.Select one:a. layer-cakeb. marble-cakec. pineapple-upside-down-caked. pancake
The power of both the state and federal governments to influence education policy is an example of marble cake.
What is the marble cake about?
The power of both the state and federal governments to influence education policy is an example of "marble-cake" federalism.
In "marble-cake" federalism, powers and responsibilities are intermingled and shared between the state and federal governments, creating a "marbled" or mixed distribution of power. Both state and federal governments play a role in shaping education policy, with the federal government setting certain standards and guidelines, and states having the primary responsibility for implementing and administering education programs. This type of federalism allows for a combination of national uniformity and local control in education policy.
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Which of the following demonstrates how various forms transform the representation of content?
Different directors use their individual styles to portray the same plot and characters demonstrates how various forms transform the representation of content.
What is representation of content?
The way gender, age, ethnicity, national and regional identity, social issues, and current events are handled and presented in media texts is known as representation. The knowledge and comprehension of an audience concerning these crucial subjects can be shaped by media texts. As a result, they have significant influence over beliefs and behaviors. The way gender, age, ethnicity, national and regional identity, social issues, and current events are handled and presented in media texts is known as representation. In media and information literacy, media representation is a fascinating, multifaceted subject.
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For Judge Oh to be comfortable with natural law as a legal philosophy, which of the following would need to be true?
A) It is natural for injustice to develop.
B) Natural law would need to become more popular than it currently is.
C) He would need to have no legal philosophy at all.
D) The higher law is that the weaker members of society should be protected by the law.
E) Judge Oh would need to place more faith in a higher power.
Judge Oh would need to have no legal philosophy of law at all.
What is philosophy of law?The study and analysis of law, including its institutions, systems, and principles, is done by legal philosophy, also known as the philosophy of law. It focuses in particular on how the law interacts with other philosophical traditions and systems, including politics, political philosophy, economics, and ethics. A subfield of philosophy known as "law and philosophy" studies the nature of law and how it interacts with other ethical and political systems of thought. It poses inquiries like, "What is law?," "What are the standards for legal validity?," and "What is the connection between law and morality? The analytical and normative analysis of law and legal ideas is the subject of legal philosophy. This covers inquiries regarding the essence of law, basic inquiries about the "what is law?"
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who said he smelled a rat because he feared a strong national government would be created and refused to attend the convention?
Patrick Henry expressed his deep mistrust of the secretive proceedings with the now-famous phrase, "I smell a rat!"
Later on, he served as both a representative in the First Continental Congress and as Governor of Virginia. The most well-known quote attributed to Henry is likely "give me power or give me death," which he uttered in a speech here to Virginia Convention in 1775.
Patrick Henry was the sixth and first governor of Virginia (1776–1799). (1784-1786). Following the Revolutionary War, William openly embraced anti-federalism. Henry and other Pro governments protested the 1787 U.S. Constitution's ratification because it established a powerful central authority.
Without Patrick Henry, the American Revolution, Independence, and the United States of America might never have taken place. Henry, a supporter of religious liberty, worked to stop the introduction of slaves and is regarded as the real author of both the Bill of Rights.
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________ consists of investigating, analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information to solve a legal issue or case.
Critical legal thinking is the answer for the blank Critical legal thinking
consists of researching, analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information to solve legal problems or cases.
Critical legal thinking is defined as: “The process of identifying a legal question, determining relevant facts, applying applicable law, and reaching a conclusion that answers the legal question at hand. ,
law to conclusions that answer the legal questions of the issue at hand that apply.
Critical Legal Studies (CLS) is a theory that argues that law is inevitably entwined with social issues, notably that law has inherent social biases. Proponents of CLS believe that laws support the interests of those who make them.
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Identify whether the examples exemplify the principle of political equality or the principle of liberty.
1) Opponents of campaign finance disclosure laws argue that these requirements present an extraordinary burden on citizens wishing to participate in politics.
2) New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg spent over $1 billion of his own money to fund his run for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020.
3) In Shaw v. Reno, the Supreme Court struck down a majority minority district in North Carolina as vote dilution in violation of the equal protection clause.
Political equality refers to a community's ability to have voluntary members who are on an equal footing in terms of political influence or authority.
The examples exemplify the principle of political equality or the principle of liberty can be classified as -
1) Opponents of campaign finance disclosure laws argue that these requirements present an extraordinary burden on citizens wishing to participate in politics. - Liberty
Michael Bloomberg, the mayor of New York City, invested more than $1 billion of his own funds to support his bid for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination.
2) New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg spent over $1 billion of his own money to fund his run for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020. - Liberty
Campaign finance disclosure rules are opposed on the grounds that they place a heavy burden on voters who want to engage in politics.
3) In Shaw v. Reno, the Supreme Court struck down a majority-minority district in North Carolina as vote dilution in violation of the equal protection clause. - Political equality
In Shaw v. Reno, the Supreme Court invalidated a North Carolina district with a majority of minorities as a violation of the equal protection principle due to vote dilution.
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if the fair debt collection act prohibits these actions, why do you think the debt collectors in the story were using the tactics anyway?
If the fair debt collection act prohibits these actions, the debt collectors in the story were using the tactics anyway to recover their debts by force.
What is debt collection act?
The fair debt collection activities act is a consumer protection amendment to the consumer credit protection act that creates legal protection from unfair debt collection practices. The statute's stated objectives are to stop unfair debt collection methods, to encourage fair debt collection, and to give customers a way to challenge and validate debt information to assure the veracity of the information. The Act specifies fines and other consequences for violations of the Act, establishes guidelines for how debt collectors may conduct their business, and outlines consumers' rights when interacting with debt collectors. On rare occasions, it coincides with the fair credit reporting act.
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Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?A. Police can't use a fake warrant to enter a woman’s home and then arrest her for possessing obscene materialsB. A state law criminalizes intermarriage between white and black citizensC. A school district didn't allows students of two religions, but not students from a third, to use auditoriums for group prayer and meditationD. A city ordinance didn't prevents protests from civil rights groups
The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment would most likely be violated if a state statute made inter-racial marriage illegal for white and black individuals.
What is equal protection clause?The first section of the United States Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause. The paragraph states that "nor shall any State... deny to any Person within its Jurisdiction the equal protection of the Laws." It came into force in 1868. A state is compelled under equal protection to govern impartially rather than making judgements about people based simply on characteristics that have no bearing on a justifiable governmental goal. The equal protection clause is therefore essential for upholding civil rights. The government is prohibited from enacting laws or adopting official measures that differ in how they treat individuals in identical situations or groups of individuals under the equal protection clause of the constitution.
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In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, which required states to retrofit public areas to be wheelchair accessible, without offering any federal funds to pay for it. This is an example of which of the following?
Correct Answer(s)
-an unfunded mandate
-federal preemption
-coercive federalism
Incorrect Answer(s)
-a categorical grant
-a block grant
The Americans with Disabilities Act prevents discrimination and guarantees job opportunities for people with disabilities. It is an example of coercive federalism.
In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was enacted into law. A civil rights statute known as the Americans with Disabilities Act forbids discrimination against people with disabilities in all aspects of social life, including employment, education, transport, and all governmental and private locations that are accessible to the general public. Making sure that people with disability have the same opportunities and rights as everyone else is the goal of the legislation. A phase of American federalism known as coercive federalism started in the late 1960s. It is distinguished by a significant increase in the federal government's power in comparison to the states, as well as by the federal government's ability to supersede state authority and impose federal policies on the states. In spite of the fact that cooperative and the dual federalism are still present in the federal system, the phrase refers to the predominate pattern of federal-state relations, particularly in terms of policymaking.
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According to Janice Radway, identify the legitimate functions romance novels serve in the lives of women readers.
Janice Radway is a cultural historian who has studied the reading habits and cultural significance of romance novels. According to Radway, romance novels serve several legitimate functions in the lives of women readers.
Radway argues that romance novels play an important cultural role in the lives of women, providing a source of comfort, support, and empowerment.
Explain how in detail romance novels play a role in women's lives.
First, romance novels provide an escape from the daily routine and difficulties of life, allowing women to imagine and experience a world of love, adventure, and passion.
Second, romance novels offer a way for women to explore and understand their own feelings, desires, and relationships. The novels often feature strong, empowered female characters who are able to assert their own needs and desires in their relationships, providing role models for readers.
Third, romance novels provide a source of community and support for women, as many readers form clubs and discussion groups to share their love of the genre and support each other in their personal lives.
Overall, Radway argues that romance novels play an important cultural role in the lives of women, providing a source of comfort, support, and empowerment.
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tennessee fair housing law is similar to the federal law, with the addition of a protected class, which is?
The Tennessee Fair Housing Act is similar to the federal Fair Housing Act, but it adds a protected class that is not included in the federal law. The additional protected class in Tennessee is familial status, which means families with children are protected from discrimination in housing. This means that it is illegal to discriminate against families with children in the sale, rental, or financing of housing. This includes denying families with children the opportunity to rent or purchase housing, imposing different rental terms or conditions, and advertising housing in a manner that indicates a preference for a certain age group.
What is the Fair Housing Act?
The Fair Housing Act is a federal law that prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability. It makes it illegal for housing providers to discriminate in the sale, rental, or financing of housing, and also in advertising. The law is enforced by the Department of Housing and Urban Development and provides remedies for victims of housing discrimination.
Hence, the answer is, the Tennessee Fair Housing Act is similar to the federal Fair Housing Act, but it adds a protected class that is not included in the federal law. The additional protected class in Tennessee is familial status.
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life in southeast asia in the seventeenth century was probably better than it was in other parts of asia during the same time period because _____.
Life in Southeast Asia in the seventeenth century was probably better than it was in other parts of Asia during the same time period because the geography of the area created soils that generated numerous useful components.
What do you know about Southeast Asia?
Since almost all of Southeast Asia is located between the tropics, the region's climate and plant and animal life are similar. In general, the weather is warm, while highland parts have colder temperatures. Early foreign traders were very interested in the region's many distinctive marine and forest items since they were rare elsewhere. The monsoon winds, which frequently blow from the northwest and then switch to blow from the southeast, have an impact on the entire region.
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The Dodd-Frank Act's oversight allowing regulation of banking fees and available products has been considered as not being in the best interests of a free market. true or false
The correct answer is true. Timing is not a major factor when making financial decisions. It has been argued that the Dodd-Frank Act's provision authorising regulation of banking fees and offered products is not in the best interests of a free market.
Dodd-Frank, the broadest overhaul of Wall Street in history, will stop the excessive risk-taking that caused the financial catastrophe. The measure also offers rational safeguards for American families, establishing a new consumer watchdog to stop mortgage lenders and payday lenders from taking advantage of them. In light of other amendments that give the U.S. government new authority to resolve failing, systemically important nonbank financial institutions, the Dodd-Frank Act modified the Federal Reserve's ability to provide emergency liquidity to nondepository institutions under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act.
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TRUE/FALSE. in many situations, the parties in a small claims court do not have a lawyer represent them.
in many situations, the parties in a small claims court cannot have a lawyer represent them. true. There are several reasons why people represent themselves without a lawyer
In criminal cases, if you cannot afford a lawyer, the court will appoint a lawyer for you, like a public defender. But in civil cases, you do not have the right to a court-appointed lawyer so, if you cannot afford your own lawyer, you have to represent yourself. Some people choose to represent themselves even if they could pay a lawyer because they feel they can handle the case on their own. In small claims cases, you are not allowed to have a lawyer, so everyone in small claims court is representing himself or herself. Whatever the reason, you have the right to represent yourself, to be your own lawyer in all cases in California. But just because you can represent yourself does not mean you should. It is very important that you learn about what is at stake in your case, and what you will be expected to do and know in order to handle it on your own.
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This is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct.a. justiceb. social controlc. sentenced. discretion
Discretion is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct.
What is Discretion?
Acting with discretion is using one's own power and discretion. A judge may use his or her discretion when making legal decisions, such as whether to exclude evidence from a trial. Discipline is viewed negatively by some people and favourably by others. There is discretion in front-line bureaucrats of many different types and at many levels of law enforcement. Most frequently, those in positions of power have the freedom to choose how they will use or exercise that power. The capacity to make choices that are responsible and may require knowledge of what is morally acceptable, just, or smart.
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the beneficial owner is a resident of within the meaning of the income tax treaty between the united states and that country
The beneficial owner is a resident of within the meaning of the income tax treaty between the United States and that country. This statement is false.
What is a beneficial owner?
Legally speaking, even though the legal title to a piece of property belongs to someone else, that person is nevertheless considered the property's "beneficial owner" for purposes of equity. The state's legislative laws governing interest or title transfer apply to the beneficial owner. This frequently occurs when there are implied trustee duties from the legal title owner to the beneficial owner. A person who benefits from ownership even while the property's title is held by someone else is known as a beneficial owner.
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Read this excerpt from the dissenting opinion of Justice Louis Brandeis in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, and select the passage that characterizes how the federal system allows flexibility in dealing with local and regional issues.
"To stay experimentation in things social and economic is a grave responsibility. Denial of the right to experiment may be fraught with serious consequences to the nation. It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country."
The federal system allows flexibility in dealing with local and regional issues by serving as a laboratory.
In federal systems, political power is split between two independent, directly elected sets of governments, one national and the other subnational. A constitutional separation of powers is typically established between the national government, which has control over the entire national territory, and provincial governments, which have independent control over their own spheres of influence. These federal systems exhibit a wide range of governmental and political structures. First, there are a few systems that stand out because their federal configurations reflect rather distinct cultural divides. Switzerland is a prime example of this, with its citizens speaking four different languages (German, French, Italian, and Romansch), and a federal structure that connects 26 historically and culturally diverse cantons and demicantons.
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Which amendment does scenario 4 involve and is it being violated or not?
Mapp v. Ohio was one of the most significant Fourth Amendment rulings of the Warren Court (1961). The court ruled in this instance that evidence gathered in an unconstitutional manner must be subject to the exclusionary rule.
What is Fourth Amendment?People are shielded from arbitrary government searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution. However, the Fourth Amendment only protects against legal searches and seizures that are deemed to be unjustified. No one shall violate the people's right to be secure in their homes, possessions, papers, and effects against arbitrary searches and seizures, and no warrants shall be issued except upon probable cause that is established by oath or affirmation and that specifically describes the location to be searched as well as the people or things to be seized.
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