The strength and direction of the electric field inside the membrane just before the stimulus is zero.
What is electric field?An electric field is a region of space around a charged particle or object that exerts an electric force on other charged objects within its vicinity. Electric fields are created by differences in electric potential, which is the amount of energy contained within a region of space due to the presence of electric charge. Electric fields are represented by lines of force, which indicate the direction of the force and its magnitude. Electric fields are measured in units of volts per meter (V/m).
This is because in the resting state, the membrane potential is in equilibrium, meaning that the total electric field inside the membrane is equal to zero. This is due to the fact that the concentration of positive and negative ions on both sides of the membrane are equal, so the electric field created by the positive ions is canceled out by the electric field created by the negative ions.
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when a reaction is properly refluxing, where should you see the vapors from the heated mixture?
a. Vapour should be about 1/3 up the condencer height
b. No visible vapors should be formed
c. Vapors should be escaping from the top of the condenser
d. Vapour should be contained to the reaction flask.
In the above given statements, the right response is the vapors should be escaping from the top of the condenser.
What is vapor?A substance that is typically in a liquid or solid state is referred to as a vapor when it is in a gaseous condition. The word "vapor" is frequently used to refer to a substance's gaseous condition after it has been heated or evaporated from its original state.
When a reaction is refluxing properly, the mixture is heated, the resulting vapors are condensed, and the vapors are then reintroduced to the reaction flask. This is accomplished by connecting a condenser to the reaction flask. Vapors are created when the mixture is heated, and these vapors ascend the condenser before being condensed back into the reaction flask. Gravity pulls the condensed liquid back into the reaction flask. The vapors exit from the top of the condenser as they condense, where they may be seen.
Therefore, the vapors ought to be venting from the condenser's top.
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a child is sitting on the outer edge of a merry-go-round that is 18 m in diameter. if the merry-go-round makes 8.3 rev/min, what is the velocity of the child in m/s?
The velocity of the kid is 5.6 m/s, v = w*r where r is the radius, and w is the frequency. We are aware that diameter is 18 m and that it is equivalent to twice the radius. So r = 18m/2 = 9m, v = 5.9*2pi*9m/min, v = (5.9*2pi*9/60) m/s = 5.56 m/s.
Is a giant disk-shaped playground ride known as a merry-go-round?A huge disk positioned to allow it to freely rotate inside a horizontal plane makes up a merry-go-round, a playground ride.The merry-go-round has a mass of 216 kg, a radius of 1.4 meters, and is initially at rest.
What is the merry-go-moment round's of inertia?A merry-go-round with such a moment of inertia of 1210 kg/m2 and a diameter of 2.5 m spins at 1.70 rad/s with very little friction.The platform slows to 1.35 rad/s when a child who is initially standing stationary next to the joyful hops onto its edge while facing the axis of rotation.
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21. Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today?A. A. SolarB. B. OilC. C. BiomassD. D. NuclearE. E. Hydroelectric
The most commercial energy in the world is supplied by oil. Option B
Is oil a commercial energy source?Oil is a commercial energy source. Oil, also known as petroleum, is a fossil fuel that is extracted from underground reservoirs and refined into a variety of products, including gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, and heating oil. These products are used to power vehicles, heat homes, generate electricity, and fuel industrial processes, making oil a major source of energy for many countries around the world.
Oil is one of the most widely used energy sources in the world, due to its high energy density, ease of transportation, and versatility in use. It is a non-renewable resource, meaning that it will eventually run out, and its extraction and use have a significant impact on the environment
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a soccer ball is kicked with an initial speed of 15 m/s at an angle of 50-degrees with the horizontal. determine the range of the soccer ball. explain how you arrived at your answer.
Despite the fact that we can use the equation to determine where it falls, we choose the equation and the equation (for soccer) instead. Because they provide information when and where and are considered more basic than equations.
What does equation mean in its entirety?A formula is a statement that two amounts or values are equal, like this: B. 6 x 4 = 12 x 2. 2. Key nouns. When two or more components need to be considered together to understand or describe the overall situation, it is called an equation.
Which of these is an equation?A mathematical statement, known as an equation, consists of two expressions joined by an equal sign. For example, the formula is 3x - 5 = 16. Solving this equation reveals that the value of the variable x is 7.
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What is an object changing position from one location to another known as?
what is the magnitude of the common charge?what is the force on each particle when the distance between them is halved?
The magnitude of common charge is, [tex]1.6 \times 10^{-19}\ C[/tex]. If distance between charges is halved (charges remaining kept constant), the force between the two charges is quadrupled.
The common charge is electron. The magnitude of charge on electron is, [tex]1.6 \times 10^{-19}\ C[/tex]
The electric force is given by,
[tex]F = \dfrac{kq_1q_2}{r^2}[/tex]
where r is the distance between charges [tex]q_1[/tex] and [tex]q_2[/tex], and k is the permittivity of free space.
The electric force between the two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Hence, if distance between charges is halved (charges remaining kept constant), the force between the two charges is quadrupled.
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a third listener is positioned along the positive y -axis. what is her y -coordinate if the same wave front reaches her at the same instant it does the first two listeners?
The position of third listener is y = 4m if the same wave front reaches her at the same instant it does the first two listeners.
A sound is a vibration that propagates through a medium in the form of a mechanical wave. The medium in which it propagates can either be a solid, a liquid or a gas. Sound travels fastest in solids, relatively slower in liquids and slowest in gases.
Source should be located midway x = −8m and x = 2m .
That is at x = −3m.
For the same wave front to reach at C , SC = SA = SB
[tex]5 = \sqrt{3^2+y^2}[/tex]
y = 4m
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--The complete question is, A point source of sound is located somewhere along the x-axis . Experiments show that the same wave front simultaneously reaches listeners at x=−8m and x=+2.0m . A third listener is positioned along the positive y-axis . What is her y-coordinate (in m) if the same wave front reaches her at same instant as it does the first two listeners? --
what is the relationship between velocity and acceleration? if the acceleration of a ball is 3 m/s2, what is its velocity 2 seconds after starting from rest?
Answer:
V = V0 + a t velocity after time t
If V0 = 0 then V = a t
V = 3 m/s^2 * 2 s = 6 m/s
a pendulum is made by tying a 75 g ball to a 130-cm long string. the ball is pulled 5.0 degrees to the side and released. how many times does the ball pass through the lowest point of its arc
9 times does the ball pass through the lowest point of its arc.
What are pendulums used for?Pendulum: An object that is suspended from a fixed location by a string or rod and swings freely as a result of gravity and motion. frequently used to control electronics like clocks. Simple pendulum: A back-and-forth swinging pendulum.
Time period of pendulum is given by 2×π(L/g)^0.5 (where L is length of string)
T.P = 2.71 .(1.3/9.8)0.5
Numer of oscillations made in 9.8 s = 9.8/T.P
= 4.28 = 4 and 1 quarters
Ball passes through lowest point 2 times per oscillation, and 1 times in 1 quarter of the oscillation.
Therefore, Number of times Ball passes through lowest point = 4 x 2 + 1
= 9
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A guitar string transmits waves at 509 m/s. To create a 491 Hz note, to what length should the guitar player shorten the string? unit= Meters
will give brainliest!!!
The guitar player should shorten the string to a length of 1.036 m to create a 491 Hz note.
What is the guitar ?The guitar is a popular stringed instrument with a long neck, frets, and a flat soundboard. It has six strings which are typically made of nylon or steel. The strings are tuned to specific notes and plucked with the fingers or a pick. The guitar is used in many genres of music, from classical and jazz to rock and metal. It is also a great instrument for solo performances, as well as for accompanying singers. The guitar is a versatile instrument that can be used to create a range of sounds, from soft and mellow to loud and powerful.
The length of the string needed to create a note of 491 Hz is determined by the formula:
length = velocity/frequency.
Therefore, the length of the string needed to create a 491 Hz note is:
length = 509 m/s/491 Hz = 1.036 m.
Therefore, the guitar player should shorten the string to a length of 1.036 m to create a 491 Hz note.
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you drop a rock off a bridge. when the rock has fallen 4m, you drop a second rock. as the two rocks continue to fall, what happens to their velocities?
You fling a stone from a bridge. You hurl another rock after the first one has fallen 4 metres. The two rocks' velocities both rise at the same rate as they continue to fall.
What would a rock falling from a cliff accelerate at?Throughout the entire journey, both when it is travelling uphill and when it is moving downhill, its acceleration is 9.80 m/s2. Please take note that the values for y represent the rock's locations (or displacements), not its overall distance travelled.
What is the object's maximum point acceleration when it is launched upwards?A ball is thrown into the air, where it slows down until it momentarily pauses at the top of the motion. Since the body is travelling upward against gravity, the acceleration is 9.8 ms2 at the very top. In other terms, the gravitational acceleration is 9.8 m/s2.
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a football player runs from his own goal line to the opposing team's goal line, returning to his forty-yard line, all in 20.0 s. calculate his average speed and the magnitude of his average velocity. (enter your answers in yards/s.)
The average velocity would be zero because the player is running from his own goal line to the opposing team's goal line and then returning to his forty-yard line. The displacement is zero.
What is the average ?The average is a measure of the central tendency of a set of numbers. It is calculated by adding all the numbers in the set and then dividing by the number of values in the set. The average can be used to compare sets of data and to draw conclusions about the data. It is often used to measure the overall performance of a group or to identify trends in the data.
Average Speed =
400 yd/20.0 s = 20 yd/s
Average Velocity =
The average velocity would be zero because the player is running from his own goal line to the opposing team's goal line and then returning to his forty-yard line. The displacement is zero since the net change in position is zero. Therefore, the average velocity would be zero.
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To which regions of the electromagnetic spectrum do the following wavelengths belong :
(a) 250nm
(b) 1500nm
(a) A wavelength of 250nm corresponds to the ultraviolet (UV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This region has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than visible light.
(b) A wavelength of 1500nm corresponds to the near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This region has longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light and is often used in optical fiber communication and remote sensing applications.
Wavelength is a fundamental concept in physics that refers to the distance between two successive points on a wave that is in phase. A wave is defined as a disturbance that propagates through a medium or space, carrying energy without the transfer of matter. Examples of waves include sound waves, light waves, and water waves.
The wavelength of a wave is measured as the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs, or any two points that are in phase. It is denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ) and is usually measured in meters (m) or nanometers (nm), depending on the type of wave being studied.
The wavelength of a wave is related to its frequency and speed. The frequency of a wave is the number of complete cycles it completes in a unit of time, usually measured in Hertz (Hz). The speed of a wave is the rate at which it travels through a medium or space, usually measured in meters per second (m/s).
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two point charges are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle as shown in the figure find the net electric field vector at the field point o the origin
The net electric field vector at the field point o the origin is kQ/L² (1.732i + j )
What is the net electric field?The electric field vector is a vector quantity that describes the strength and direction of the electric field at a given point in space.
The electric field vector at a point due to a point charge q is given by Coulomb's law:
E = kq/r²
where;
k is Coulomb's constantr is the distance between the point charge and the field point,q is the magnitude of the point charge.Based on the position of the charges, the electric field vector at the origin due to each point charge has the form:
Ex = kq/r² cos(θ)
Ey = kq/r² sin(θ)
where;
θ is the angle above the horizontalEach angle of equilateral triangle = 60⁰, therefore
θ = 90 - 60⁰ = 30⁰
The sum of horizontal component of the electric field;
Ex = kQ/L² cos(30) + kQ/L² cos(30)
Ex = 1.732kQ/L²i
The sum of vertical component of the electric field;
Ey = kQ/L² sin(30) + kQ/L² sin(30)
Ey = kQ/L² j
The net electric field = 1.732kQ/L²i + kQ/L² j
= kQ/L² (1.732i + j )
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a student uses a motion sensor to collect data of the velocity of an object as a function of time during two experimental trials, as shown. in which trial does the object have the greatest magnitude of acceleration, and in which trial does the object travel the greatest distance?
During two experimental trials, a student utilizes a motion sensor to record data on the velocities of objects as functions of time. Trials 2 and 1 have the greatest magnitude and the greatest distance.
We are aware that an item falling freely experiences an acceleration of g, or the force of gravity is a motion sensor. However, based on the graph, the slope (which would inevitably result in acceleration) is less than and a function of time. This is only conceivable when the body is being affected by another force.
The constant force of attraction that holds everything in mechanics together is gravity, often known as gravitation. It has little impact on defining the intrinsic qualities of everyday items because it is the weakest known force in nature. Instead, it regulates the growth and evolution of stars by its extensive and pervasive action, which affects the paths of objects within the solar system and beyond. galaxies, and the entire cosmos. Every thing on Earth experiences weight, or a gravitational pull produced by the mass of the planet that is proportional to the object's mass.
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Question:
A student uses a motion sensor to collect data of the velocity of an object as a function of time during two experimental trials, as shown. In which trial does the object have the greatest magnitude of acceleration, and in which trial does the object travel the greatest distance?
nate throws a basketball straight downward, letting it bounce once before catching it. we can ignore air resistance.what is true about the acceleration and velocity of the ball on its way down (while in the air)?
When Nate tosses a basketball, he lets it rebound once before letting it fall directly to the ground. Air resistance can be disregarded.
What does the word "resistance" mean?
An underground group of a captured or nearly won country engaged in sabotage and covert activities against occupying forces and collaborators. This psychological defense mechanism occurs when a patient rejects, dismisses, or otherwise resists the therapy efforts of a psychotherapist.
What is a circuit's electrical resistance?
The relationship between both the voltage applied and the flux through a circuit determines its electrical resistance. Ohms is the symbol for electrical resistance. Some materials permit the flow of electric charge more easily than others. The electrical resistance gauges how much the circuit restricts the movement of this electric charge.
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if a 2.72 volt battery is used to charge up a 7.10e-7 farad capacitor what is the maximum amount of charge in coulombs that can be stored on the capacitor's positive conductor?
The largest charge amount in coulombs that may be stored is 7.10e-7 farad capacitor, which is charged using a volt battery.
What does coulomb mean?An International System of Units' (ISO) common unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C) (SI). The amount of power a 1-ampere (One) current can carry in a second is known as the flux (s).
An electric charge is what?Subatomic particles have a characteristic known as "electric charge" that makes them experience force while in a magnetic and electric field.
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a bug starts walking away from the top of a spherical ball of ice and will start to slip when the normal force exerted on it drops to 1/2 of its weight. if the ice ball has a diameter of 38.0 cm, how far can the bug walk before it begins to slip?
The required value of distance the bug walks before it begins to slip is calculated to be 19.89 cm.
The normal force drops to half of the weight, F = 1/2 m g
where,
m is mass
g is acceleration due to gravity
The diameter of the spherical ball d = 38 cm
The value of the normal force is, F = m g cosθ
Equating both the equations of F, we have,
1/2 m g = m g cosθ
cosθ = 1/2
θ = π/3
The relation to find out distance is,
x = r θ = d/2 (θ)
Putting the values into the equation,
x = 38/2 (π/3) = 19.89 cm
Thus, the value of distance is calculated to be 19.89 cm.
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if you assume the potential vanishes at infinity, the potential will be zero at some point (x0,0) with -3 m < x0 < 1 m. write an expression for x0 in terms of q1, q2, x1, and x2.
The expression for x0 in terms of q1, q2, x1, and x2 is x0 = (x1 * q2 + x2 * q1) / (q1 + q2)
The expression for x0 in terms of q1, q2, x1, and x2 can be obtained using the principle of superposition of electric potentials. The potential at a point due to two point charges q1 and q2 is given by:
V(x0, 0) = k * (q1 / (x0 - x1)^2 + q2 / (x0 - x2)^2)
where k is the Coulomb constant, and (x1, 0) and (x2, 0) are the positions of the point charges q1 and q2. Assuming the potential vanishes at infinity, we set V(x0, 0) = 0:
0 = k * (q1 / (x0 - x1)^2 + q2 / (x0 - x2)^2)
Solving for x0, we get:
x0 = (x1 * q2 + x2 * q1) / (q1 + q2)
This is the expression for x0 in q1, q2, x1, and x2.
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The physics of wind instruments is based on the concept of standing waves. When the player blows into the mouthpiece, the column of air inside the instrument vibrates, and standing waves are produced. Although the acoustics of wind instruments is complicated, a simple description in terms of open and closed tubes can help in understanding the physical phenomena related to these instruments. For example, a flute can be described as an open-open pipe because a flutist covers the mouthpiece of the flute only partially. Meanwhile, a clarinet can be described as an open-closed pipe because the mouthpiece of the clarinet is almost completely closed by the reed. Of the first possible harmonic after the fundamental frequency in the open-closed pipe described in Part E?
Standing waves are the foundation of the physics of wind instruments. Standing waves are created when the player blows into the mouthpiece, causing the air column inside the instrument to vibrate.
What physical principles govern wind instruments?A standing wave of air is produced inside a wind instrument, which produces a tone. In most wind instruments, the air inside the tube-shaped body of the instrument picks up a vibration that the musician generates at the mouthpiece, amplifies it, and gives it a pleasing timbre.
What is the standing wave theory?Theory. When a wave appears to be standing, the overall pattern does not appear to be moving. The fundamental prerequisite for a standing wave to appear on a string is that.
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a man pulls a sled at constant velocity across a horizontal snow surface. if he pulls the rope with a force of 80 n at an angle of 53 degrees above the horizontal, what is the force of friction between sled and snow?
A man moves a sled across a horizontal snow surface at a steady speed. 68.6 N is the force of friction between the sled and the snow if he pulls the rope with an 80 N force at a 53 N angle above the horizontal.
The force of friction can be determined using the following equation:
= F friction
= F norm - F applied × cos(θ)
here,
"F norm" is the normal force exerted by the snow on the sled,
"F applied" is the force applied by the man,
"θ" is the angle between the applied force and the horizontal.
Since, the sled moves at constant velocity, the net force on the sled must be zero.
Hence,
The force of friction must balance the applied force:
= F friction
= F applied × cos(θ)
Adding values:-
= F friction
= 80 N × cos(53°)
= 68.6 N
Therefore, the force of friction between the sled and the snow is 68.6 N.
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earth's main energy inputs are question 41 options: near infrared and far infrared (i.e., longwave radiation). longwave radiation and ultraviolet light. ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared radiation. gamma rays, x-rays, and ultraviolet radiation.
The intricate energy balance of Earth is largely derived from solar radiation. Through the Earth's atmosphere, this radiation is absorbed, deflected, scattered, and transmitted.
What does it reflect?The reflections of light, sound, and water waves are typical examples. In the lake, mirror, and store window, he caught a glimpse of himself. The water's surface reflected the light. More instances. His gold wristwatch gleamed in the candlelight.
What does sound mean?As an apparent mechanical wave, noise is defined by vibrations that move thru the air or the other medium.
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If you observe the Moon rising in the east as the Sun is setting in the west,what phase of the moon would you see?
If you observe the Moon rising in the east as the Sun is setting in the west, you will observe the phase of moon to be a full moon.
The Moon's phase depends on where it is in reference to the Sun and Earth. Every day, much like the Sun, the Moon rises in the east and sets in the west. The Moon rises and sets at various times during the month. The Moon is visible both during the day and at night.
When the Moon is in its full phase, we can only view the side that is lighted because it is on the other side of the Earth from the Sun. On that day, the Sun rises as it begins to set, and vice versa.
Just like the Sun and the night time stars, the Moon's apparent rising in the east and setting in the west each day is not from the Moon's orbit around the Earth, it's from the Earth spinning. Even if the lunar orbit is slower and more difficult to view, you may still see it.
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a hallway display of energy is constructed in which several people pull on a rope that lifts a block 1.20 m. the display indicates that 0.95 j of work is done. what is the mass of the block?
Many men pulling on a rope to hoist a stone 1.00 m is required to build an electricity display energy in a hallway. The monitor displays 0.5 J of labor as having been finished.
What does the word "energy" mean?
The capacity to perform work is energy. Energy is referred to by scientists as the capacity for work. People have figured out how to transform energy from one type to the other and use it to accomplish tasks, making modern civilization possible. Walking, bicycling, driving, rowing, and using stoves all require the usage of energy from people.
Why is energy necessary, and what is it?
Energy is the capacity to carry out work. Energy is referred to by scientists as the capacity for work. People have figured out how to transform energy from one type to the other and use it to accomplish tasks, making modern civilization possible.
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During the ice ages that the Earth has gone through, life would have completely died off across much of the Northern Hemisphere, except for which property of water?
Group of answer choices
Solid water floats on top of more dense liquid water.
The water during the ice ages was less salty than our current water.
Water is able to carry a very heavy load of solutes.
Water has a high specific heat compared to most substances.
Solid water floats on top of more dense liquid water. This property of water helps not to have completely died off life across much of the Northern Hemisphere during the ice ages .
What is ice age?The existence or extension of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers occurs during an ice age, which is a protracted period of cooling of the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
The climate on Earth varies between ice ages and greenhouse times, when the world is devoid of glaciers. Solid water floats on top of more dense liquid water - helps to sustain life during ice age.
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when striking, the pike, a predatory fish, can accelerate from rest to a speed of 3.9 m/s in 0.13 s . what is the acceleration of the pike during this strike?
0.22 m is the acceleration of the pike during speed of 3.9 m/s in 0.13 s strike,
What is motion?
In all scenarios, the velocity (directed speed) and acceleration of every point on the body are equal (time rate of change of velocity). Translation and rotation are combined to create the most generic type of motion.In an uniform accelerated motion, the distance covered by the fish is given by:
S = ½ at²
where
a is the acceleration
t is the time
The acceleration is equal to the increase in speed of the fish divided by the time taken:
a = 4-0/0.11 = 36.4 m/s²
If substitute the acceleration into the first equation, we find the distance covered by the fish:
S = ½(36.4)(0.11) = 0.22 m.
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when startled, an armadillo will leap upward. suppose it rises 0.544 m in the first 0.200 s. (a) what is its initial speed as it leaves the ground? (b) what is its sp
(a) The initial speed as the armadillo leaves the ground is calculated to be 3.7 m/s.
(b) The speed of the armadillo at the height 0.544m is 1.74 m/s.
The height reached by the armadillo is 0.544 m.
The time taken is 0.2 s.
Let us use the equation of motion, s = u t + 1/2 g t²
Here, it is moving upward so, g is - 9.8 m/s².
Enter the values into the above equation, s = u t + 1/2 g t²
0.544 = u(0.2) - 1/2 (9.8) (0.2)²
0.2 u = 0.544 + 4.9(0.2)²
0.2 u = 0.74
Initial velocity u = 3.7 m/s
Initial speed with which it leaves the ground is 3.7 m/s.
(b) Let us find the speed at h = 0.544 m
v² - u² = 2 a s
v² = u² + 2 a s
v² = 3.7² + 2 (-9.8)(0.544)
v² = 13.69 - 10.66
v² = 3.03
v = √3.03 = 1.74 m/s
Thus, the speed of the armadillo at the height 0.544m is 1.74 m/s.
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is '(b) What is its speed at the height of 0.544 m?'
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A mug slides across a horizontal counter with initial speed v.It slides off the 0.86m high counter and lands 1.4m from the base.What was its initial speed?
A)0.18 m/s
B)0.43 m/s
C)0.58 m/s
D)2.39 m/s
E)3.34 m/s
The initial speed of the mug was 3.34 m/s. The answer is option E.
The potential energy of the mug when it is on the counter is converted into kinetic energy as it slides across the counter and then into potential energy as it falls off the counter, and finally back into kinetic energy as it moves horizontally towards the base.
mgh = (1/2)mv^2 + mgh_max + (1/2)mv_x^2
where m is the mass of the mug, g is the acceleration due to gravity, h is the height of the counter, v is the initial speed of the mug, h_max is the maximum height reached by the mug, and v_x is the horizontal component of the mug's velocity just before it hits the base.
v = sqrt(2gh + 2gx)
where g = 9.8 m/s^2, h = 0.86 m, and x = 1.4 m.
Plugging in the values and evaluating the expression,
v = sqrt(29.80.86 + 29.81.4) = 3.34 m/s
Therefore, the initial speed of the mug was 3.34 m/s, which corresponds to option E.
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an object having a fixed emissivity of 0.725 radiates heat at a rate of 10 w when it is at an absolute temperature t. if its temperature is doubled to 2t, at what rate will it now radiate?
If an item with a fixed emissivity of 0.725 radiates heat at a rate of 10 w when it is at an absolute temperature of t, it will now do so at a rate of 160 W if the temperature is doubled to 2t.
Thermal radiation is produced by any item above absolute zero in temperature. However, the amount of thermal radiation emitted for any given wavelength and temperature varies on the surface emissivity of the item.
The ratio of the energy emitted from a material's surface to the energy emitted from a blackbody, a perfect emitter with the same temperature, wavelength, and viewing circumstances, is known as emissivity. It is an arbitrary number without dimensions between 0 (for an ideal reflector) and 1. (for a perfect emitter).
In addition to the material, a surface's emissivity also relies on the kind of surface. As an illustration, a polished and spotless metal surface will have a low emissivity.
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an airplane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. its airspeed is 200 mph (miles per hour). a constant wind is blowing from west to east at 20 mph. in which direction has the airplane to be pointing?
The airplane needs to be pointing in a direction 5.71 degrees east of north to compensate for the crosswind and arrive at its destination.
Since the airplane is moving due north and the wind is blowing from west to east, the angle between the airplane's heading and the wind is 90 degrees. We can use vector addition to determine the airplane's resultant velocity, which will point in the direction the airplane needs to be pointing. The magnitude of the resultant velocity can be found using the Pythagorean theorem:
Resultant velocity = [tex]sqrt(airspeed^2 + wind speed^2) = sqrt(200^2 + 20^2) = 201.25 mph[/tex]
The angle between the airplane's heading and the resultant velocity can be found using trigonometry:
[tex]tan(theta) = wind speed / airspeed = 20 / 200 = 0.1[/tex]
[tex]theta = tan^-1(0.1) = 5.71 degrees[/tex]
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