virus, some of the smallest and most numerous pathogens, consisting of a genome and a capsid and being unable to reproduce on their own, and that's why use bacteria for the reproduction.
viruses are between the living and non living as they show properties of both. they have genetic material but depend on bacteria for reproduction, they command the bacteria and uses it machinery for the reproduction.
the size of the virus is from 20 to 150 nm in diameter
viruses are smaller than bacteria and have a single- or double-stranded nucleic acid depends on the type of virus.
The structure of virus consist of genome, capsid and also envelope.
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which of these groups includes both aquatic decomposers and the parasites responsible for late potato blight?
Water molds are both decomposers and parasites that cause powdery mildew in grapes and late potato blight. It is thought that they evolved from unicellular organisms that engulphed and incorporated green algae.
Their chloroplasts have three membranes and photosynthetic pigments that are similar to those found in green algae. The mitochondria of diplomonads and parabasalids are known to be reduced. Scientists have long suspected that a strain of Phytophthora infestans (or P. infestans) was responsible for the widespread destruction of potato crops in Ireland and northern Europe beginning in 1845, resulting in the Irish Potato Famine.
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What is the name of the reproductive process which involves one parents?
The name of the reproductive process involving only one parent is asexual reproduction.
Reproduction is the process of producing offspring. This can be accomplished in two ways: asexual and sexual. The sexual method of reproduction is the advanced and complex form of reproduction requiring the fusion of male and female gametes.
Asexual reproduction is the simpler form of reproduction where a single parent is able to give birth to the young ones. The offspring produced by this method are genetically identical to each other as well as the parent. The different types of asexual reproduction are: binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation, etc.
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which of these processes results in cells losing their potential to become any type of cell?
These processes results in cells losing their potential to become any type of cell is cell determination.
The cell is the smallest unit of living things. Cells can change in their development to become any more specialized cells such as differentiation of stem cells into skin epithelial cells. However, cells can also lose this differentiation ability.
Determination is a slow process, the potential of a cell is progressively restricted as it develops, and defined states can be inherited through somatic cell division. As the embryo grows, determination causes cells to commit to a certain developmental fate and not to differentiate into different cell forms. This relates to the different selected gene subsets for gene expression in embryonic cells which ultimately limit the cell.
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Why does disrupting the Calvin cycle impact the light reactions of photosynthesis? a. The Calvin cycle regenerates NADP+. b. The Calvin cycle regenerates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. c. The Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide. d. The Calvin cycle regenerates ADP. e. The Calvin cycle regenerates ATP.
The correct option is A ; The Calvin cycle regenerates NADP+.As water is broken down, light-dependent reactions produce oxygen as a byproduct.
The chemical energy derived from light-dependent reactions drives both the capture of carbon in carbon dioxide molecules and the subsequent assembly of sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma. The Calvin cycle reactions fix CO2 from the environment using the energy carriers formed during the first stage of photosynthesis.
By combining CO2 and RuBP, an enzyme called RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation reaction. The Calvin cycle is required for light reactions; ATP and NADPH cannot be produced without it. As a result, the two photosynthesis processes are linked.
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Write a paragraph for a scientific argument
Answer:
Rocks can undergo transformations from one type to another through geological processes. The most common way for this to happen is through heat and pressure. When rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures, such as those deep within the Earth's mantle, they may recrystallize into a different form. For example, shale, a sedimentary rock, can undergo heat and pressure to become metamorphic rock such as slate or marble. Another way that rocks can change is through chemical reactions, such as the alteration of igneous rocks through the reaction with surrounding water or air. In some cases, sedimentary rocks can also become compacted and cemented, turning into a different type of sedimentary rock, or even into metamorphic rock. Understanding how rocks change and the processes involved is crucial for geologists as it provides insight into the Earth's history and evolution.
what is the difference between the brown rice setting and white rice setting on an aroma rice cooker
The only difference between cooking brown rice and white rice is the water-to-rice ratio. Because of the outer bran coating, brown rice requires more water and a longer cooking time.
In an Aroma rice cooker, how much white rice should I use?The measurements for cooking white rice for both models are largely the same, but they are presented differently in each manual. The Aroma Digital recommends a rice-to-water ratio of 1 cup to 1.33 cups, which means you should add 1.13 cups of water to the pot for every cup of rice. For grains of any length, a 1:1 water-to-rice ratio can be used (short, medium, or long). Similarly, you can increase the amount of rice in the recipe by substituting 2 cups of rice for the 2 cups of water.
Fill the inner pot of a basic Aroma rice cooker with rice and water. Depending on the model, a basic rice cooker can produce up to 8 cups of cooked rice. 2 cups cooked rice from 1 cup uncooked rice and 1 1/2 cups water, or fill to the water line.
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some caddisfly larvae make cases to live in and some make nets to catch prey in the water. group of answer choices true false
some caddisfly larvae make cases to live in and some make nets to catch prey in the water is true.
Trichoptera, an order of aquatic insects, includes caddisfly larvae. To shield themselves from predators and create a stable environment for their growth, certain species of caddisfly larvae build cases around their bodies. Sand, gravel, twigs, leaves, silk, and other materials can all be used to create these cases.
Other caddisfly larvae species make nets out of silk that they use to catch small aquatic critters for sustenance. The caddisfly larva waits inside these nets, which are often fastened to a solid substrate like rocks or plants, waiting for food to become trapped.
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which of the following is true of the heartwood of a tree? question 9 options: heartwood is the phloem tissue that has been compressed to the center of the stem. heartwood is the active layer of vascular tissue. heartwood is located between the secondary xylem and phloem. heartwood is the old xylem tissue.
Heartwood is the old xylem tissue.
In plants, xylem is a type of tissue that moves water and minerals from the roots to the vegetative portion of the plant. The heartwood of a tree gradually develops from the xylem tissue at the stem's center as it gets older.
Heartwood, the active layer of xylem tissue that is in charge of moving water and nutrients, can be distinguished from the sapwood around it. Heartwood, in contrast to sapwood, is no longer involved in the movement of water and minerals and primarily acts as a structural support for the tree.
Since heartwood is dead and contains a lot of chemical compounds that keep pests away, it is often darker in color than sapwood and more resistant to decay and insects.
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the cardiac notch a. is where the pulmonary trunk rests on the heart. b. is on the medial aspect of the right lung. c. is on the medial aspect of the left lung. d. is a notch on the heart where the coronary arteries originate.
The cardiac notch is a concavity in the lung that formes to accommodate the heart.
What is cardiac notch?
A cardiac notch is formed in the left lung by the front border of the lung and the pleural reflection. The cardiac notch is a concavity that forms in the lung to house the heart.
The cardiac notch exists to provide space for the heart's apex. The apex will extend into this notch due to the heart's slight leftward inclination.
Two lobes make up the left lung. The lower lobe's cardiac notch, a groove, is where the heart is located.
the pericardium-accommodating notch in the anterior edge of the left lung's upper lobe. alternative spelling of incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri
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Someone helpp me rq on question 7 pls
Organisms are able to interact with each other in a way that keeps the ecosystem going.
What are ecological interactions among organisms?Ecological interactions among organisms refer to the ways in which different species in an ecosystem interact with each other and with their physical environment. These interactions can be grouped into several categories, including:
Predation: One organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey).
Herbivory: An organism (the herbivore) feeds on plants.
Competition: Two or more organisms compete for the same limited resources such as food, water, or mates.
Mutualism: A relationship in which both species benefit from their interaction with each other.
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Which best explains why a pyramid is used to represent energy flow within an ecosystem? 1. Because available energy decreases as you go up2. Because the organisms get bigger3. Because the amount of the organism is more4. Because further of organisms use less energy
A pyramid is used to represent energy flow within an ecosystem because: (1) available energy decreases as you go up.
Ecosystem is the functional unit of the ecology which is made up of both living organisms as well as non-living objects. Both are able to live in the surroundings being interdependent on each other. The non-living factors include soil, water, rocks, weather, etc.
Energy pyramid represents the flow of energy within a food chain in a series. The energy decreases as one goes up in a pyramid because the energy is used by the organisms itself. Thus, energy pyramid always appears upright in position.
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What can fix nitrogen? plants, soil, bacteria, or fire
Answer:
Plants
Explanation:
Bacteria such as rhizobium and certain blue-green algae present in the soil can fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert into usable nitrogenous compounds, which are used by plants for the synthesis of plant proteins and other compounds.
Answer:
Plants can fixe Nitrogen.
Explanation:
Bacteria like rhizobium and certain blue-green algae in the soil can fix the atmospheric nitrogen. They change into usable nitrogenous compounds.
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when elaine's hand accidently touched the hot stove, she quickly pulled it away. she didn't even have to think about it; moving her hand seemed to occur automatically. it is unlikely that this could have been possible without the effective operation of which nervous system?
The effective operation of the peripheral nervous system was likely responsible for Elaine quickly pulling her hand away from the hot stove.
The peripheral nervous system is part of the nervous system that lies outside of the brain and spinal cord and includes all of the nerves that control movement and sensation in the limbs and other parts of the body.
When Elaine's hand touched the hot stove, sensory receptors in her skin detected the painful stimulus and sent electrical signals along sensory nerves to the spinal cord. The spinal cord rapidly processed the incoming signals and transmitted a reflex response along motor nerves back to the muscles in Elaine's hand, causing it to pull away from the stove.
This rapid, automatic response is known as the spinal reflex and is a prime example of the peripheral nervous system's ability to control movement and sensation in a quick and efficient manner. This type of reflex response is particularly important for protecting the body from harm and allowing it to respond to environmental stimuli in real-time.
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what does it mean by antibiotic resistant bacteria?
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria means when bаcteriа chаnge so thаt аntibiotic medicines cаn't kill them or stop their growth.
Аntibiotics аre medicines used to prevent аnd treаt bаcteriаl infections. Аntibiotic resistаnce occurs when bаcteriа chаnge in response to the use of these medicines. Overuse of аntibiotics is creаting stronger germs. Some bаcteriа аre аlreаdy "resistаnt" to common аntibiotics. When bаcteriа become resistаnt to аntibiotics, it is often hаrder аnd more expensive to treаt the infection.
Losing the аbility to treаt serious bаcteriаl infections is а mаjor threаt to public heаlth. Аntibiotics аre designed to fight bаcteriа by tаrgeting specific pаrts of the bаcteriа’s structure or cellulаr mаchinery.
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a gene has six exons, but only the second and third exons are needed for a resulting protein to function. how many unique but functional mrnas can be made by alternative splicing?
It is possible to create 16 distinct yet useful mRNAs using alternative splicing, thus the right answer is E.
The information from DNA is transferred to the cell machinery that creates proteins by messenger ribonucleic acids or mRNAs. Every cell's nucleus, which has a diameter of barely 10 micrometers, is tightly packed with a three-meter-long double-stranded DNA "manual" that details how to construct and maintain the human body.
Each cell must continuously produce pieces appropriate to its cell type in order to maintain its structure and carry out all of its duties (proteins). Transcription is the process by which a multi-subunit protein called RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) reads DNA inside each nucleus while also creating a "message", known as messenger RNA.
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A gene has six exons, but only the second and third exons are needed for a resulting protein to function. How many unique but functional mRNAs can be made by alternative splicing?
A. 10
B. 64
C. 8
D. 32
E. 16
you decide to carry out a plate counting experiment. what would happen if you plated an undiluted bacterial culture directly on the plate?
If you plated an undiluted bacterial culture directly on the plate the colonies would be too close for counting.
A culture of bacteria that have not been diluted will have millions of individual bacterial cells. If an undiluted culture is plated, the bacteria will develop as a lawn on the plate, and it will not be feasible to count the bacteria from these plates since the bacteria will have grown as a lawn. Before plating, the original culture ought to be diluted so that an accurate count of the colonies may be obtained.
It is important to dilute the culture to a point where there are a few hundred organisms per milliliter or to a point where the number of organisms plated onto (or into) an agar medium will be statistically valid in order to determine the actual number of organisms in the tube or culture flask.
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Would you be likely to find a food chain containing 10 links? Why?
Answer:
It would be highly unlikely to discover a food chain containing 10 links.
This is mainly due to the loss of energy that occurs with transitions through the links in the chain. Almost 90 percent of the energy obtained at one trophic level is lost when being transmitted to the other trophic level ( link in the food chain).
This means that the 10th link in the chain would get so little energy consuming the 9th level organism that it wouldn't be enough to survive.
The 2nd link gets only 10% of the initial energy absorbed by the 1st link in the chain. If the chain is 10 links long, you would lose 90% with each link, leaving next to nothing for the last few links.
How do the pythons affect the population of the other predators, such as bobcats and alligators?
Answer:Pythons cause significant impacts to native prey, such as marsh rabbits, deer, wading birds and even alligators. Their aggressive predation on native wildlife robs native predators, such as panthers, raptors, alligators, and bobcats of their primary food sources.
f
most of the primitive phyla of invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding is?
Answer:
Explanation:
Most of the primitive phyla of invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding water. As invertebrates do not possess specialized respiratory structures like lungs or gills, they rely on simple diffusion to exchange gases with their environment. This is why most invertebrates are found in aquatic environments where oxygen levels are higher, allowing for efficient diffusion of oxygen through their body surfaces.
while on a walk you find something on the ground that fell from a nearby plant. you leave it on stones beside a roaring fire, which causes it to release its seeds. which process has most likely occurred?
The following process has most likely occurred : Resin melted in the outside of certain pinecones, releasing the seed.
Pine cones are more likely to open and germinate when the weather is warm. Some pine cones, such as jack pine, require a quick, hot fire to open and release the seeds.
Female cones (megastrobilus, seed cones, or ovulatory cones) contain ovules that become seeds when fertilized by pollen. The structure of the female cone varies among coniferous families and plays an important role in identifying many coniferous species.
For pine and many other cone-bearing plants, it can take several years for the seeds to reach maturity after pollination.Once the seeds are mature, the cone-shaped scales open and the seeds are blown away by the wind.
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Complete question :
You are given a piece of a plant that is tightly closed. You leave it on stones beside a roaring fire, which causes it to release its seeds. Which process has most likely occurred?
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Cypress cones charred, breaking a special layer of cells.
Cycad cones caught fire, but the fire-resistant seeds survived.
Ginkgo "fruits" dried out in the heat and split.
Gnetophyte cones cracked in the heat, and the papery seeds were released.
Resin melted in the outside of certain pinecones, releasing the seed.
in image, which diagram of a cell wall possesses lipid a/endotoxin responsible for symptoms associated with infection?
Gram-negative bacteria have the type of cell wall that contains the lipid A/endotoxin that causes infection symptoms.
The crystal violet stain that is utilized in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation is not retained by Gram-negative bacteria.
A lipopolysaccharide-based outer membrane and an inner cytoplasmic membrane make up the double-layered cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Fever, inflammation, and septic shock are all symptoms of Gram-negative bacterial infections that are caused by the lipid A component of LPS, which is also known as endotoxin.
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(complete question)
In the image, which diagram of a cell wall possesses lipid a/endotoxin responsible for symptoms associated with infection?
select the correct statement about variation in stomatal density is?
Answer:
Explanation:
Stomatal density is developmentally plastic.
2. how are anterior pituitary hormones evaluated? indicate the function tests applicable to this case and whether stimulation/suppression tests would be applicable.
The anterior pituitary hormones are evaluated by the Insulin tolerance test (e.g., alternative method of stimulating growth hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion). The suppression leads to hampering diverse physiological functions such as growth, blood pressure and also reproduction.
What are anterior pituitary hormones?The anterior pituitary hormones are chemical messages secreted by this organ. These hormones include:
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and Luteinising hormone (LH)Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Prolactin (PRL)Growth hormone (GH)
Therefore, with this data, we can see that are secreted by the anterior pituitary hormones and affect different body functions.
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Q2.
(2)
The parts of the blood can be separated from each other by spinning the blood in a centrifuge.
The image below shows the separated parts of a 10 cm³ blood sample.
10 cm3
5 cm3
Plasma
-White blood cells and platelets to ha
Red blood cells
7.5cm3
(a) Calculate the percentage of the blood that is made up of plasma.
The percentage of the blood that is made up of plasma is 55%.
What is blood about?A specific type of bodily fluid is blood. Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets make up its four primary parts. Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and other tissues is just one of the many jobs blood does. clotting blood to stop excessive blood loss Both liquid and solid components make up blood. Water, salts, and protein make up the plasma, which is the liquid portion.
The majority of the blood is plasma. It accounts for more than half (about 55%) of the entire material. Plasma is a pale yellow liquid that forms when the blood is separated from the rest of it. Salts, enzymes, and water are carried by plasma.
An overview was given since the information incomplete.
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Proposes that pitch is decoded by firing frequency of hair cells on the basilar membrane is called: _________
Answer:
it’s S
Explanation:
Scientists classify animals based on their internal and external ____________.
size
height
body structures
sex
bone density
Scientists classify animals based on their internal and external body structures.
How do scientists classify animals?Scientists classify animals based on their physical and genetic characteristics, which are used to group them into taxonomic categories such as:
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.This system of classification, known as taxonomy, helps scientists understand the evolutionary relationships between different species and provides a framework for organizing the diversity of life on Earth.
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name a plant tissue area that contained proteins that were transferred to the nitrocellulose but did not contain peroxidase
When exposed with the protein blot stain, the cortex, a form of ground tissue, transmits proteins to the nitrocellulose membrane without the action of peroxidase (Ponceaus S).
The main role of peroxidases in plants is to cross-link the phenolic residues of cell wall glycoproteins and polysaccharides to impart stiffness and strength to the cell wall. Furthermore, plant peroxidase was found to be involved in lignification. A technique used to detect peroxidase activity in various regions of plant tissue is known as tissue printing. Most of the peroxidase activity in plant tissues studied by this technique is restricted to regions such as the epidermis, hypodermis, metaxillum, phloem, and mature outer cortical cells. For roots, peroxidase activity was found to be absent in cortical tissue or cortex and meristem regions.
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the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen group of answer choices increases as the height above sea level increases is greater than the affinity for carbon monoxide. is decreased in response to increased metabolic rate
The affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen group increases in response to metabolic alkalosis.
Compared to O2, haemoglobin (Hb) has a substantially higher affinity for binding CO (by a ratio of roughly 200). There are two main outcomes from the combination of CO and Hb to generate carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO).
Human haemoglobin has a very strong affinity for carbon monoxide, creating the extremely bright red substance carboxyhemoglobin as a result. Because it has a stronger affinity for people than oxygen, carbon monoxide is an issue.
With the change in altitude from sea level to 20,000 feet, there was no discernible difference in the hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen in the blood of nine men. The amount of haemoglobin produced by the body during altitude acclimation does not seem to differ from that produced at sea level.
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The heart is housed within the mediastinum and rests on the , a muscle. diaphragm.
The heart is housed within the mediastinum and rests on the diaphragm.
Position of the heаrt in the thorаx. The heаrt lies in the protective thorаx, posterior to the sternum аnd costаl cаrtilаges, аnd rests on the superior surfаce of the diаphrаgm. The heаrt аssumes аn oblique position in the thorаx, with two-thirds to the left of the midline. It is locаted between the two lungs, which occupy the lаterаl spаces cаlled the pleurаl cаvities. The spаce between these two cаvities is referred to аs the mediаstinum. The heаrt lies obliquely in а division of this spаce, the middle mediаstinum, surrounded by the pericаrdium.
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i need someone help with this assignment its due tomorrow please help
From the graphic of Predator-Prey on Isle Royale above, we can answer these questions:
19. The greatest moose population is: 2.500 on year: 1995. The wolf population, when the moose is the greatest, is just about 15 wolves.
20. If the moose population decreases, the wolf population will: also decrease due to the lack of major food sources.
21. If wolves were removed from Isle Royale, then: the amount of moose would be increased a lot.
22. The pattern between predator and prey populations is: dependent on each other.
23. The other factor besides the moose population that has influenced the wolf population is: parvovirus.
24. Two factors that may influence the moose population are: ticks and climate.
25. The positive impact on the Isle Royale ecosystem is: to reintroduce wolves. The negative impact is the increasing deforestation and pollution due to tourism.
26. The predator-prey relationship is density-dependent to limiting factors as: they are dependent on the size of the involved population.
How does the predator-prey relationship affect each other’s population?Generally, the prey is fed on the predator. Moose (as prey) is the main source of food for wolves (predator). Wolves decrease the numbers of prey, but if the moose number is decreased due to other factors, the wolf population could also decrease because they lost the main source of their food.
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