Scientists have noticed that the entire DNA molecule has the same width, despite the fact that the four nucleotides are NOT the same width Now that you’ve created a model, explain why this makes sense (hint: it has to do with the number of rings for each nitrogen base)
Answers
I don't have access to your model, although I'm sure it's beautiful. Fortunately, this question can be answered without one.
A strand of DNA is a polymer consisting of monomeric nucleotide units. The nucleotides that are found in DNA are distinguished by their nucleobases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Each nucleotide in DNA is made up of a single nucleobase, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. These nucleotides form extremely long chains comprising phosphate-sugar linkages (covalent, phosphodiester bonds).
In native, double-stranded DNA, you have of these chains (or strands) arranged side-by-side such that the nucleobases on one chain are faced directly across corresponding nucleobases on the other chain, which enables hydrogen bonding between the bases.
There is a "rule" regarding which bases form hydrogen bonds with one another (Chargaff's rule): adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine.
What does this have to do with the width of the DNA molecule?
The four nucleotides can be structurally classified into two categories: pyrimidines and purines. For our purposes, we only need to know that pyrimidines are six-membered rings and purines are a fusion of a six- and five-membered ring (basically, purines are pyrimidines attached to a five-membered ring). Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines, and adenine and guanine are purines.
So, geometrically, adenine and guanine are larger (and, thus, "wider") than thymine and cytosine since adenine and guanine contain an extra ring. But remember our base-pairing rules: In native DNA, adenine (two rings) on one strand pairs up with thymine (one ring) on the other strand, and guanine (two rings) pairs up with cytosine (one ring) on the other strand.
Because there's a 1:1 ratio between A:T and G:C in double-stranded DNA, the DNA molecule consists of complementary base pairs that, in any given composition of, has equivalent widths. Put simply, the A=T pair has the same width as a G≡C pair because both base pairs are between one pyrimidine and one purine.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is composed of four nucleotides, namely, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
Adenine and guanine are purines while Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines.Purines are composed of two rings while pyrimidines are composed of only one ring.Purine forms bond with pyrimidine, i.e Adenine binds with thymine and guanine binds with cytosine.Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds while guanine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds.Thus, the relative pairing of the purine and pyrimidine with each other keeps the width of the DNA constant.
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Related Questions
advantages and disadvantages of both unicellular and multicellular organisms
Answers
Unicellular Organisums:
Unicellular organisms don't live as long and multicellular organisms. Unicellular organisms are smaller and they are faster at reproduction. Disadvantages- Unicellular organisms only have one cell that is used to function their entire being. Short life span, can't grow lager then multicellular organisms.
Multicellular organisums:
Intelligence and Evolution.
Bigger Is Better.
Less Stress Equals A Longer Lifespan.
Cells Can Take Care Of Each Other.
More Energy Is Needed For Normal Functioning.
Infection Becomes A Possibility When Multicellular.
Takes Longer To Reach Maturity And To Breed
Identify and describe the two main parts of a chloroplast where photosynthesis occurs.
Answers
The lamellae are stacked one above the other to form granum. There are many grana in a single chloroplast. The remaining matrix consisting of cytoplasm is termed stroma. In the stroma are present other cytoplasmic inclusions like fragments of DNA and ribosome, etc.
The two main parts of a chloroplast where the process of photosynthesis takes place are stroma and granum. The sunlight is trapped in the chlorophyll molecules which results in photosynthesis.
What is Photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process of formation of carbohydrates (sugars) in the chloroplast of the plant. Oxygen gas is also evolved in the process of photosynthesis. The sunlight is responsible for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen molecules.
Sunlight is trapped into the chlorophyll molecules present in the cells of leaf in plants. The photosynthesis process is divided into two phases- light reaction and dark reaction. These reactions takes place in the granum and stroma of chloroplast. The light reaction takes place in the stroma while the dark reaction takes place in the granum of chloroplast.
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Explain how mRNA is formed from the DNA template.
Answers
Answer:
mRNA is “messenger” RNA. mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus using the nucleotide sequence of DNA as a template. This process requires nucleotide triphosphates as substrates and is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase II. The process of making mRNA from DNA is called transcription, and it occurs in the nucleus.
The picture shows 4 different types of Point Mutations, what type of Point Mutation is letter A? *
Answers
Answer:
there is no picture attached
Explanation:
the energy required to lift an object is supplied by ATP, which is made by breaking down molecules of
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. glycolysis
d. glucose
Answers
The energy provided by ATP is driven by the breakdown of glucose molecules. Thus, option D is correct.
ATP or Adenosine triphosphate is the energy molecule that is able to provide energy to the body. Varying pathways and cycles in the cell produce ATP.
Which molecules produce ATP?ATP production is carried out in the degradation of the complex molecules by the cell. The cycle is operated primarily in the cell for the production of ATP in glycolysis.
The ATP is produced in the glycolysis cycle with the breakdown of glucose molecules. Thus, option D is correct.
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cellular respiration requirements
Answers
Answer:
Oxygen and Glucose are both required for respiration
Explanation:
Oxygen is a requirement since it's the final electron acceptor.
Which best determines the health of a lake used as a source of freshwater?
A. its depth and width
B. its temperature and pH
C.its location and depth
D.its temperature and depth
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A measure of the natural populations of algae, plants, fish, and other wildlife provides evidence of the health of a body of water.
whats the structure of pons
Answers
Answer:
A pons structure is a bulbous shape and has two main components - the basis pontis (aka basal/ventral part) and the pontine tegmentum (aka dorsal part). In Psychology the pons is the structure of the brain the acts like the "bridge"(Latin ) for the midbrain and medulla.
Explanation:
Hope that helps
What will happen:
a) If the transport system comes to a stop in human beings?
b) If there are no platelets in the human blood?
Answers
The country of Wakanda has 100,000 citizens living on a land with an area of 100 sq. mi. What is the population density of Wakanda?
Answers
Answer:
1000 people per sq. mi
Explanation:
All you need to do is divide.
predation and competition are considered as density dependent factors
True
False
Answers
Construct a food chain. Place the organism in order from producer, primary consumer to secondary consumer to tertiary consumer. (An owl eats a snake, the snake eats a squirrel, the squirrel ate a nut.)
Answers
Answer:
nut is the producer the squirell the primary cosumer a snake is the secondary consumer the owl is a terriary consumer
In the given scenario, nut is producer, squirrel is primary consumer, snake is secondary consumer and owl is tertiary consumer.
What is a food chain?The food chain depicts how living things obtain food. Some animals only eat plants, while others eat other animals. The food chain is made up of four types of organisms: producers, consumers, prey, and predators.
Food chains are significant because they reveal the intricate relationships that exist in ecosystems.
They can reveal how each organism is dependent on another for survival. Food chains also show what happens when there is a problem and a producer or consumer is lost. Entire communities can be destroyed.
The nut is the producer, the squirrel is the primary consumer, the snake is the secondary consumer, and the owl is the tertiary consumer as per the given situation.
Thus, the food chain here is nut--->squirrel--->snake--->owl.
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There are many, many new moons and full moons that do not result in eclipses. Why is that?
Answers
Answer:
the sun doesnt align with the earth and moon
Every animal has a distinct body plan. Which of these animals has a radially symmetrical body plan? A sea sponge. A ladybug. A crab. Coral. Answer only if you're over a hundred percent sure, pls.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Each and every animal should have dis-tinct body pain. But the animal does have the radially symmetrical body plan should be sea sponge.
Role of sp-on-ge:The animal that involved the sp-on-ge i.e. Po-ri-fe-ra and the c-n-i-d-a-r-i-a. Here the sp-on-ge should be considered as the unsymmetrical or it should be like radially symmetrical that have various cell types but the tissues are same.
So we can conclude that Each and every animal should have dis-tin-ct body pain. But the animal does have the radially symmetrical body plan should be sea sponge.
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Where does the mRNA go after it is produced?
Answers
Answer:
if youre talking about after transcription then...
Explanation:
it leaves the nucleus, goes to the cytoplasm, binds to a ribosome to be read
Answer:
it goes to the cytoplasm
Explanation:
binds to a ribosome to be read
Why would combining cells that result from Mitosis not work for fertilization?
Pls pls answer I need help!
Answers
Answer:
Because cells that result from mitosis are diploid i.e. contain two sets of chromosomes.
Explanation:
Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. The chromosomal number of cells formed from mitosis remains the same as the parent cell. This means that if a parent is diploid (2n), the daughter cells from mitotic division will be diploid (2n).
However, for fertilization during sexual reproduction to occur, two haploid or half of the chromosome number of the parental organism must unite to form a whole diploid organism. In other words, two haploid cells (n + n) must come together in fertilization to give a diploid cell (2n). Hence, combining cells that result from mitosis would not work for fertilization because cells that result from mitosis are already diploid i.e. contain two sets of chromosomes.
please help! Out of the 100 cells shown, how many are in the process of dividing?
Answers
Answer:
I think 7 cells are going to divide
Answer:
13?
explanation
Why cant one antibody mark all the virus?
Answers
Answer:
Because the antibody does not have all the properties of that
because the antibodys will gather to all of the virus that it can but it won't cover everything
What is the difference between natural and artificial light?
Answers
Answer:
natural light is found in nature and artificial are electronic
Explanation:
this means you won't find artificial light in nature
Examples of Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Rocks!
(Pls help, thxs)
Answers
Answer:
mixtures of sand and water or sand and iron filings, a conglomerate rock, water and oil, a salad, trail mix, and concrete (not cement). A mixture can be determined to be homogeneous when everything is settled and equal, and the liquid, gas, the object is one color or the same form.
Explanation:
SOMEONE HELP PLEASEE
What is produced by translation?
A. A strand of DNA
B. An amino acid
C. A strand of mRNA
D. A protein
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the peptides produced by this sequence are turned into proteins
A spaceship to the moon covered the 386,400 km in 72 hours. What was the average speed?
Answers
Answer:
1.49 m/s; 5.367 × 10⁶ m/hr
Explanation:
Calculations: (This was my thought process, sorry)
386400 km ÷ 72 hr ≈ 5367
5367 × 1000 = 5.367 × 10⁶
5.367 × 10⁶ ÷ 3600 ≈ 1.49 m/s
About 5367 km/hr or 5.367 × 10⁶ m/hr or 2.592 × 10⁵ m/s
Have a great day!
name 4 Flowers that are polinated by animals
Answers
Answer:
Butterflies , Bees , Bats , Humming Bird , Lemurs and Honey Possum are some examples of flowers which are pollinated by Animals.
Hope it helps you!!!
Each cube represents a cell. Which cell would probably have the easier time moving materials into and out of itself quickly enough to survive?
Answers
Hello. You did not present the cubes to which the question refers, which makes it impossible for me to be able to answer your question exactly, but I will try to help you in the best possible way.
The cell that will have the easiest movement of materials in and out of itself is the cell with the smallest size. This is because, smaller cells have a proportional surface area and volume. This helps in absorbing everything the cell needs, with impressive speed, as well as facilitating the removal of substances harmful to the cell.
UPPIO.Stuuyisland.com Earth's Water Systems Tools Save Session Pablo is building a miniature watershed model of his city out of clay. He wants to see where rainwater carries spilled motor oil from the city's streets Pablo plans to make all of the hills, buildings, and streets in his model out of clay. He then plans to spray water on the model to see where it flows when it rains. What could Pablo do to help him track where rain water carries spilled motor oil? A. He could use hot cocoa powder to represent the oil. B. He could use maple syrup instead of water. C. He could use sand instead of clay. D. He could use peanut butter to represent the oil.
Answers
Answer:
um...
Explanation:
Answer:
A. He could use hot cocoa powder to represent the oil.
Explanation:
I got it right on Study Island.
A Adaptive
troduction
7. Which of the following is an example of a scientific theory?
Answers
Answer:
adaptive
Explanation:
hope it helps your
My fish its not so active all the time and im worried about him.. what shoud i do?
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Answer:
You must make the fish happy and healthy
Explanation:
Making Sure Your Fish Is Adapting. Fish like most animals have their adaptability to certain environments. ...
Do It For More Than Decor. ...
Re-create A Natural Environment. ...
Keep The Water Conditioned. ...
Keep The Aquarium Clean! ...
Keep The Tank The Right Temperature. ...
Remove Excess Algae. ...
Introducing New Fish To The Aquarium
Which greenhouse gas is generated by 95% human activity
and 5% due to natural processes?
Answers
Answer:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. In 2018, CO2 accounted for about 81.3 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
Answer:
carbon dioxide co2
hope it helps!
What is an amino acid?
Answers
ANSWER)
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino and carboxyl functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, although other elements are found in the side chains of certain amino acids.
Answer:
the other person is right
Explanation:
what features are environmental?
Answers
Answer:
Temperature, food, pollutants, population density, light and sound