Answer:
The history of West Africa has been commonly divided into its prehistory, the Iron Age in Africa, the major polities flourishing, the colonial period, and finally the post-independence era, in which the current nations were formed. West Africa is west of an imagined north-south axis lying close to 10° east longitude, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and Sahara Desert.
Colonial boundaries are reflected in the modern boundaries between contemporary West African states, cutting across ethnic and cultural lines, often dividing single ethnic groups between two or more states. During the Holocene, sedentary farming began to develop in West Africa. The Iron industry, in both smelting and forging for tools and weapons, appeared in Sub-Saharan Africa by 1200 BCE, and by 400 BCE, contact had been made with the Mediterranean civilizations, and a regular trade included exporting gold, cotton, metal, and leather in exchange for copper, horses, salt, textiles, and beads. The Nok culture (1500 BCE - 200/300 BCE) would develop.[1] and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 AD, thus having lasted approximately 2,000 years.[2] The Serer people would construct the Senegambian stone circles (3rd century BCE - 16th century CE). The Sahelian kingdoms were a series of kingdoms or empires that were built on the Sahel, the area of grasslands south of the Sahara. They controlled the trade routes across the desert, and were also quite decentralised, with member cities having a great deal of autonomy. The Ghana Empire may have been established as early as the 7th century CE. It was succeeded by the Sosso in 1230, the Mali Empire in the 13th century CE, and later by the Songhai and Sokoto Caliphate. There were also a number of forest empires and states in this time period.
Following the collapse of the Songhai Empire, a number of smaller states arose across West Africa, including the Bambara Empire of Ségou, the lesser Bambara kingdom of Kaarta, the Fula/Malinké kingdom of Khasso (in present-day Mali's Kayes Region), and the Kénédougou Empire of Sikasso. European traders first became a force in the region in the 15th century. The transatlantic African slave trade resumed, with the Portuguese taking hundreds of captives back to their country for use as slaves; however, it would not begin on a grand scale until Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas and the subsequent demand for cheap colonial labour. As the demand for slaves increased, some African rulers sought to supply the demand by constant war against their neighbours, resulting in fresh captives. European, American and Haitian governments passed legislation prohibiting the Atlantic slave trade in the 19th century, though the last country to abolish the institution was Brazil in 1888.
In 1725, the cattle-herding Fulanis of Fouta Djallon launched the first major reformist jihad of the region, overthrowing the local animist, Mande-speaking elites and attempting to somewhat democratize their society. At the same time, the Europeans started to travel into the interior of Africa to trade and explore. Mungo Park (1771–1806) made the first serious expedition into the region's interior, tracing the Niger River as far as Timbuktu. French armies followed not long after. In the Scramble for Africa in the 1880s the Europeans started to colonise the inland of West Africa, they had previously mostly controlled trading ports along the coasts and rivers. Following World War II, campaigns for independence sprung up across West Africa, most notably in Ghana under the Pan-Africanist Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972). After a decade of protests, riots and clashes, French West Africa voted for autonomy in a 1958 referendum, dividing into the states of today; most of the British colonies gained autonomy the following decade. Since independence, West Africa has suffered from the same problems as much of the African continent, particularly dictatorships, political corruption and military coups; it has also seen bloody civil wars. The development of oil and mineral wealth has seen the steady modernization of some countries since the early 2000s, though inequality persists hope this helps
Explanation:
3 major battles in Vietnam war
What was the original purpose of tenements?
Explanation:
Tenements were first built to house the waves of immigrants that arrived in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, and they represented the primary form of urban working-class housing until the New Deal. A typical tenement building was from five to six stories high, with four apartments on each floor.
What are the Hudson's Bay Company, The Virginia Company, The Plymouth Company, and The Massachusetts Bay Company examples of?
Economic parties
Mercantilism group
Chartered companies
Trading corporation
Answer:
Chartered companies
Explanation:
Part A. Which of the following best describes widespread disappointment among black Americans with the strategies of the Civil Rights Movement before 1957? Rural black Americans complained that the Civil Rights Movement focused too much on urban reform. Many black Americans criticized activist groups like the NAACP for focusing too much on court cases instead of meaningful change in the everyday lives of black people. Urban black Americans feared too much emphasis on rural desegregation would have limited effects on race relations in large cities. Many black Americans blamed the Civil Rights movement for increased white violence against black people in the United States.
Answer:
HOLD UP WHAT???
Explanation:
how did the united states deal with China a p e x
Answer:
Ape world history sem2 ... China had to pay indemnity, or the cost of the war ... What did The United States decide to do with the at the end of the
Answer:
The United States proposed The Open Door policy in which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China and also support China’s territorial and administrative integrity. The U.S’s relationship with China had improved because during the Cold War, the U.S saw China as a useful partner in its conflict against the Soviet Union so the Open Door policy was also used to get closer to China in hopes of gaining an ally or in the very least, a neutral.
Explanation:
11) Why were southern states willing to secede from the Union?
Southern states were willing to secede from the union because they wanted to preserve the integration of slavery, the institution that held the highest percent of their economy, within their lives.
Which of the following best explains the historical significance of views such as those expressed in the passage?
Answer:
they show that in response to disruptions of the great depression many political leaders saw it as their duty to take an active role in guiding economic life
Explanation:
AWARDING BRAINLIEST ASAP
Like what tactics did the southern states use to undermine the civil war amendments (13, 14, 15)
While the amendment provided legal protection for voting rights based on race, there were other means that could be used to block black citizens from voting. These included poll taxes and literacy tests. These methods were employed around the country to undermine the Civil War Amendments and set the stage for Jim Crow conditions and for the Civil Rights Movement.
Why did the Nazi’s try to exterminate Europe’s Jews?
During the First World War (1914-1918), Hitler was a soldier in the German army. At the end of the war he, and many other German soldiers like him, could not get over the defeat of the German Empire. The German army command spread the myth that the army had not lost the war on the battlefield, but because they had been betrayed. By a ‘stab in the back’, as it was called at the time. Hitler bought into the myth: Jews and communists had betrayed the country and brought a left-wing government to power that had wanted to throw in the towel.
By blaming the Jews for the defeat, Hitler created a stereotypical enemy. In the 1920s and early 1930s, the defeated country was still in a major economic crisis. According to the Nazis, expelling the Jews was the solution to the problems in Germany.This political message and the promise to make Germany economically strong again won Hitler the elections in 1932. After he had come to power, the laws and measures against the Jews increased all the time. It ended in the Shoah, the Holocaust, the murder of six million European Jews.
What best describes the issues women were facing in the 1950s and 1960s?
1.They were given opportunities for new jobs, but they were not strong enough to do them.
2.They were encouraged to work, but they wanted to stay at home and take care of their family
3.They wanted to get jobs outside of the home, but they didn't have enough time.
4.women had more time and opportunity to work outside the home, but they still faced barriers.
Answer:
4.women had more time and opportunity to work outside the home, but they still faced barriers.
D. Women had more time and opportunity to work outside the home, but they still faced barriers.
What political belief created a system of government that balanced power between the central government and individual states while joining the states together as a single nation?
Answer:
Federalism
Explanation:
The political belief that created a system of government that balanced power between the central government and individual states while joining the states together as a single nation is known as FEDERALISM.
Federalism is a type of government that combined central government otherwise known as the federal government with individual states otherwise known as the regional government to in one political system of government.
What state is associated with
“Seward's Folly”?
A. Oregon
B. California
C. Alaska
D. Arizona
Ima give you the brainy thingy please help thank youu
Answer:
Adobe
Explanation:
Can societies exist without oppression? Whoever answers this question will be the brainliest!!
What is the best title for this list?
used fire to cook
used animal skins as clothing
made weapons such as spears
made simple tools such as digging sticks
Answer:
Early Human’s daily life.
Explanation:
what style of art emphasizes emotion. feeling. and imagination?
a] realism
b] impressionism
c] cubism
d] romanticism
Answer: d] romanticism
Explanation: This is because a lot of art in this period has loose brushwork and strong color contrasts.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which social concern do the following publications have in common?
- Uncle Tom's Cabin
- The North Star
- The Liberator
Group of answer choices
Supported women's rights
Opposed abolition
Opposed slavery
Supported factory reforms
please help i have to turn this in soon
Answer:
Poverty and Homelessness. Poverty and homelessness are worldwide problems. ...
Climate Change. A warmer, changing climate is a threat to the entire world. ...
Overpopulation. ...
Immigration Stresses. ...
Civil Rights and Racial Discrimination. ...
Gender Inequality. ...
Health Care Availability. ...
Childhood Obesity.
What title was
given to the Greek
author Herodotus?
Answer: father of history
hope that helps
Need help Please Brainly to the first person right with reason and 5 Stars
Answer:
the transcontinental railroads were built all around the US and were used for trade and to transport goods all over the place
Answer:
sup homie
Explanation:
Napoleon Bonaparte lost power to
Answer:
Napoleon eventually fell from power in 1814 due to a combination of reasons, each resulting from a chain reaction originally caused by the failure of Napoleons’ major military campaigns, such as the ill fated campaign to invade Russia.
Explanation:
After a disastrous French invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of Elba. In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign.
True or false One problem of leaching is that minerals in the soil are washed away
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Leaching removes vital nutrients and micronutrients, such as water-soluble boron, from the soil, causing potential deficiencies in crops. For example, when crops suffer from boron deficiency, they exhibit visual symptoms including: Misshapen, thick, brittle, small leaves. Short stems and a "shrunken" appearance.
How did most Americans feel about Germany's annexation of
Czechoslovakia?
O A. They remained mostly neutral and uninterested.
O B. They were concerned but still favored isolationism.
O C. They were not concerned about Germany's expansion in Europe.
D. They were concerned and wanted to join the fight.
Answer:
Its A
Explanation:
Germany's annexation of Austria in March 1938 was the cumulation of almost twenty years of Austrian dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Saint Germain, the lack of consistent political and economic support by the western democracies and the international instability of the 1930s. All these factors worked in favor of pro-Anschluss Germans and Austrians and to the handicap of the allies. Once Adolf Hitler came to power, he drastically changed German policy toward Austria. Anschluss had special significance for Hitler and his decision to abandon an evolutionary revision of Austria's political status to one of radical expansionism and annexation proved fatal to the independence of Austria.Naturally, Germany's forced union with Austria drew world-wide attention and protest. Among the nations to object to Anschluss was the United States. Approaching the Anschluss, the United States had many domestic problems, which dictated what foreign policy the American government could pursue. The isolationists dominated not only the Middle West, but the entire nation and Congress as well. President Roosevelt could not endanger his secure political position over a controversial foreign policy. However, at the end of 1937, the President decided to challenge isolation, advocating a gradual acknowledgment of America's role as a world power. Only six months after Roosevelt's Quarantine Speech, Germany annexed Austria. The overt German action caused great concern in Washington, and even though the American reaction is significant, historians have not adequately focused on this event. Most importantly, Anschluss aided the passage of Roosevelt's naval rearmament program. The President also established an international organization responsible for Austrian refugees in the aftermath of the Austro-German Union. Though Roosevelt did not desire an unnecessary rift between Germany and the United States, Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes refused to sell helium to Germany, causing increased tension between Germany and the United States.Roosevelt was a pragmatic and skillful politician. He knew the isolationists would not support a rift with Germany over Anschluss. Moreover, given the weak American economy, the State Department desired to continue normal economic relations with the Germans. Though Anschluss caused no sudden change in the foreign policy of the United States, Germany's annexation of Austria did affect and shape American policy. It compelled the United States to criticize the increasing lawlessness of Germany and formulate a foreign policy in order to respond more forcefully to Hitler's aggressive foreign policy. After Anschluss, Secretary of State Hull, in his National Press Club address, stated that America opposed international lawlessness and blind isolationism, supported rearmament and was ready to cooperate with governments who opposed blatant violators of treaties and human rights.After Anschluss the American position evolved more clearly. Although the United States Congress remained strongly isolationist, the public began to take notice of Germany's aggressive expansionism and the press declared itself as overwhelmingly anti-German. The German-American relationship rapidly atrophied. America disliked German aggression and chastised Nazi disregard for international law. When reacting to Anschluss, the United States government tried to underscore these principles within the constraints of internal difficulties, and the opposition of a large anti-New Deal coalition and the isolationists. Roosevelt feared an isolationist backlash in unison with anti-New Deal Republicans and conservative Southern Democrats. However, as best expressed by Secretary of State Hull, the Administration was now ready to prepare the way for a more active United States foreign policy in order to meet the combined threat of Germany, Italy and Japan.
Will give 100 POINTS for WHOEVER WRITES THE LONGEST AND BEST ANSWER
Answer the following question: The New Deal marked the final triumph of loose construction (Hamiltonian) over the strict construction (Jeffersonian) school of Constitutional interpretation; it set the precedent that Congress and the President may do just about anything they believe will benefit the general welfare of the majority, even if powerful minority interests are offended.
Points of interest:
New Dealers believed in loose construction of federal powers (easily proven, but don't forget to do so)
New-Dealers won a"final, near-total triumph"over opponents, allowing almost unlimited government ever after.
The New Deal offended some "powerful minority interests" (also easily proven, but don't forget to do so.)
Although Thomas Jefferson was in France serving as United States minister when the Federal Constitution was written in 1787, he was able to influence the development of the federal government through his correspondence. Later his actions as the first secretary of state, vice president, leader of the first political opposition party, and third president of the United States were crucial in shaping the look of the nation's capital and defining the powers of the Constitution and the nature of the emerging republic.
Jefferson played a major role in the planning, design, and construction of a national capitol and the federal district. In the various public offices he held, Jefferson sought to establish a federal government of limited powers. In the 1800 presidential election, Jefferson and Aaron Burr deadlocked, creating a constitutional crisis. However, once Jefferson received sufficient votes in the electoral college, he and the defeated incumbent, John Adams, established the principle that power would be passed peacefully from losers to victors in presidential elections. Jefferson called his election triumph “the second American Revolution.”
While president, Jefferson's principles were tested in many ways. For example, in order to purchase the Louisiana Territory from France he was willing to expand his narrow interpretation of the Constitution. But Jefferson stood firm in ending the importation of slaves and maintaining his view of the separation of church and state. In the end, Jefferson completed two full and eventful terms as president. He also paved the way for James Madison and James Monroe, his political protégés, to succeed him in the presidency.
What makes Brazil different from the rest of Latin America?
Answer:
Explanation:This essay, part history of ideas and part history of international relations, examines Brazil's relationship with Latin America in historical perspective. For more than a century after independence, neither Spanish American intellectuals nor Spanish American governments considered Brazil part of 'América Latina'. For their part, Brazilian intellectuals and Brazilian governments only had eyes for Europe and increasingly, after 1889, the United States, except for a strong interest in the Rio de la Plata. When, especially during the Cold War, the United States, and by extension the rest of the world, began to regard and treat Brazil as part of 'Latin America', Brazilian governments and Brazilian intellectuals, apart from some on the Left, still did not think of Brazil as an integral part of the region. Since the end of the Cold War, however, Brazil has for the first time pursued a policy of engagement with its neighbours - in South America. Este ensayo, en parte historia de ideas y en parte de relaciones internacionales, examina el vínculo de Brasil con Latinoamérica desde una perspectiva histórica. Por más de un siglo después de la Independencia ni los intelectuales ni los gobiernos hispanoamericanos consideraron a Brasil como parte de ‘América Latina’. Por su parte, los intelectuales y gobiernos brasileños sólo tuvieron ojos para Europa y crecientemente, luego de 1889, para los Estados Unidos, con excepción por un interés en el Río de la Plata. Cuando Estados Unidos (especialmente durante la Guerra Fría) y por extensión el resto del mundo empezaron a considerar y tratar a Brasil como parte de ‘Latin America’, los gobiernos e intelectuales brasileños, aparte de la izquierda, aún no ubicaban a Brasil como una parte integral de la región. Desde el fin de la Guerra Fría, sin embargo, Brasil por primera vez ha perseguido una política de involucramiento con sus vecinos — en Sudamérica. Em parte historia das idéias e em parte urna história das relações internacionais, este ensaio examina a relaçõo do Brasil com a América Latina em perspectiva histórica. Por mais de um século após sua indepêndencia, intelectuais e governos da América Espanhola nao consideravam o Brasil como pertencente à ‘América Latina’. Excetuando um interesse pelo Rio da Prata, por sua vez os intelectuais e governos brasileiros somente se voltavam para a Europa, e após 1889 progressivamente mais para os Estados Unidos. Uma vez que os Estados Unidos e consequentemente o resto do mundo começaram a perceber e tratar o Brasil como integrante da ‘Latin America’, particularmente durante a Guerra Fria, salvo alguns esquerdistas, governos e intelectuais brasileiros ainda não consideravam o Brasil como componente daquela região. No entanto, a partir do final da Guerra Fria, o Brasil tem buscado urna política de envolvimento pela primeira vez com os seus vizinhos - na América do Sul.
Journal Information
Journal of Latin American Studies presents recent research in the field of Latin American studies in economics, geography, politics, international relations, sociology, social anthropology, economic history and cultural history. Regular features include articles on contemporary themes, specially commissioned commentaries and an extensive section of book reviews. Instructions for Contributors at Cambridge Journals Online
Publisher Information
Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the world’s leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. Cambridge Journals publishes over 250 peer-reviewed academic journals across a wide range of subject areas, in print and online. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org.
What are the Hopewell best known for?
O A. Astronomy
O B. Large burial mounds
C. Pottery
O D. Cliff dwellings
B. Large burial mounds!
In Georgia, if the Governor vetoes a bill, how can that bill still become a law?
A. If a majority of Georgia's population votes in favor of the passage of the bill.
B. If the Speaker of the House and the majority leaders agree to override the veto.
C. If two-thirds of both houses of the General Assembly vote to override the veto.
D. If the Supreme Court of Georgia votes unanimously in favor of the bill.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Because this way is fair to everyone, and this way people are equal in power like they should be.
In Georgia, if the Governor vetoes a bill, that bill can still become a law if a majority of Georgia's population votes in favor of the passage of the bill. Thus option (A) is correct.
What is a bill?A Bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to change an existing law. A bill can be introduced in either house of the parliament or state legislature. It is that is presented for debate before Parliament.
When a bill is introduced in the house, then the members of the houses discusses the bill and vote upon it. After passing from one house the bill goes to the other house for discussion and voting.
When both the houses passes the bill. Then the president or governor gives his assent to the bill. The president or governor can give assent to the bill or withold their assent to the bill through the veto power. After president or governor assent the bill becomes an act or law.
There is an exception case in Georgia- In Georgia, if the Governor vetoes a bill, that bill can still become a law if a majority of Georgia's population votes in favor of the passage of the bill. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
Learn more about bill here:
https://brainly.com/question/11860164
#SPJ2
What did tribes agree to do under the conditions of treaties?
pay taxes to the territorial government for use of the land
live tax-free on the reservation land they were given
give up land and confine themselves to the reservation
confine themselves to the reservation, but not give up land
Answer:
Under the Constitution, treaties with tribal nations are part of the supreme law of the land, establishing unique sets of rights, benefits and conditions for the treaty-making tribes who agreed to cede millions of acres of their homelands to the United States, in return for recognition of property rights in land
Explanation:
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
any1 got a virtual class going on right now? lately its been hard learning new things and I'm trying lol
Explain the reasons for U.S. neutrality during the 1920s and 1930s. How did ideas about neutrality change during the period from the end of World War I to the passage of the Lend-Lease Act? Be sure to include any events, terms, or people that may support your response
Answer:
The Neutrality Acts, 1930s
Introduction
In the 1930s, the United States Government enacted a series of laws designed to prevent the United States from being embroiled in a foreign war by clearly stating the terms of U.S. neutrality. Although many Americans had rallied to join President Woodrow Wilson’s crusade to make the world “safe for democracy” in 1917, by the 1930s critics argued that U.S. involvement in the First World War had been driven by bankers and munitions traders with business interests in Europe. These findings fueled a growing “isolationist” movement that argued the United States should steer clear of future wars and remain neutral by avoiding financial deals with countries at war.
President Woodrow Wilson
First Neutrality Act
By the mid-1930s, events in Europe and Asia indicated that a new world war might soon erupt and the U.S. Congress took action to enforce U.S. neutrality. On August 31, 1935, Congress passed the first Neutrality Act prohibiting the export of “arms, ammunition, and implements of war” from the United States to foreign nations at war and requiring arms manufacturers in the United States to apply for an export license. American citizens traveling in war zones were also advised that they did so at their own risk. President Franklin D. Roosevelt originally opposed the legislation, but relented in the face of strong Congressional and public opinion. On February 29, 1936, Congress renewed the Act until May of 1937 and prohibited Americans from extending any loans to belligerent nations.
Explanation:
Volleyball Test
The serve must start outside the court.
True
False
Answer:
the correct answer is "True"