In addition to filament and sheathed bacteria occurring within this phylum, the Proteobacteria, once known as purple bacteria, and their relatives bewildering range of physiological and morphological traits.
The phylum to which do bacteria belong?Along with the eukaryotes and archaea domains, bacteria are regarded as a domain in taxonomy. This indicates that bacteria contain various phyla rather than belonging to a single phylum. These phyla include Chlamydial, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria as examples.
What three structures do bacteria have?The main surface layers include capsules or loose slime, the complex cell envelope of Punned bacteria and the cell wall of Staphylococci bacteria, as well as plasma (cytoplasmic) membranes and mesosoma transmembrane vesicles, which develop from plasma membrane invasions.
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11. Pilihan ganda30 detik1 ptQ. What cycle is MOST directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?Pilihan jawabancarbon cycleoxygen cyclewater cyclenitrogen cycle
The combustion of fossil fuels is known to have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Therefore, the correct answer to the multiple-choice question is A - carbon cycle.
The carbon cycle refers to the flow of carbon between different reservoirs on Earth, including the atmosphere, oceans, and land. It involves various processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and fossil fuel combustion.
When fossil fuels are burned, carbon stored in the form of hydrocarbons is released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. This extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect and the resulting global warming and climate change.
While the other cycles listed - the oxygen cycle, water cycle, and nitrogen cycle - are also important for the Earth's ecosystem, they are not directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels to the same extent as the carbon cycle.
Complete question:
Pilihan ganda30 detik1 ptQ. What cycle is MOST directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?
A - carbon cycle
B - oxygen cycle
C- water cycle
D - nitrogen cycle
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When you use a field guide to identify a species by its appearance, you are applying the _____ concept.A. morphospeciesB. biological speciesC. ecological speciesD. evolutionary species
According to the biological species concept, a species is made up of... Although appearance can be used to distinguish between species, it does not define them.
What does the term "morphospecies" mean?The morphological or morphospecies concept, which employs changes in morphological traits to define species, is the oldest theory of species. Historically, species were thought of as unchangeable units.
What is a morphospecies example?The Morphospecies hypothesis seeks to explain speciation by examining structural similarities between different species. The forelimbs of mammals are an illustration of this. The forelimbs of a human, a cat, a whale, and a bat are similar.
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The apical plasma membranes of simple squamous cells are often folded into microvilli, which increases their surface area for absorption.
Parts of DNA on various chromosomes are responsible for encoding ribosomal RNA. A area inside the nucleus called the nucleolus is heavily colored.
What is anatomy of such a nucleus ?Just the synthesis of RNA from chromosomal DNA takes place within the membrane-enclosed nucleus. A ribosome is just an intercellular structure consisting of both RNA and protein that serves as the cell's location for protein synthesis. synthesized
It is clearly colored and discernible under a microscope. It acts as the focal point for every activity within a cell.
How are chromosomes functional?In the nucleus, there are normally 23 pairs of chromosomes. The chromosome, which would be arranged into filament-like bundles, is housed in the nucleus of every cell.
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in order to generate findings about causation, researchers must use ________ research.
In order to generate findings about causation, researchers must use experimental research.
To generate findings about causation, researchers must use experimental research. This type of research involves manipulating one or more variables to observe the effect on another variable while controlling for extraneous factors that could influence the outcome. By randomly assigning participants to different groups and manipulating the independent variable, researchers can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Experimental research allows for the control of confounding variables and provides the strongest evidence for causation. Other research designs, such as correlational or observational studies, can provide important information about associations between variables, but they do not allow for causal inferences.
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Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?
A) exocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) intracellular vesicular trafficking
The correct option is C) pinocytosis. Most cells constantly undergo pinocytosis, while certain cells do it particularly quickly.
Most cells constantly undergo pinocytosis, while certain cells do it particularly quickly. For instance, it happens so quickly in macrophages that per minute, around 3% of the total membrane of the macrophage is taken up by the form of vesicles.
Big endocytic vesicles termed phagosomes are used in the process of phagocytosis, a particular type of endocytosis, to consume large particles like dead cells and bacteria.
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What's different forms of genes are called
Different forms of genes can be called as alleles. Alleles are distinct variants of the same gene that control the same characteristic in an organism. Alleles are responsible for the diversity exhibited in many species.
An allele is a variant of the same gene with a different nucleotide sequence. Each allele codes for a distinct version of a gene or a different form of a gene product. For example, an eye colour gene may contain distinct alleles that result in blue, green, and brown eyes.
Alleles can be recessive, dominant, or codominant. Dominant alleles are more strongly expressed than recessive alleles, which means that the attribute associated with the dominant allele will be exhibited in the organism. Recessive alleles, on the other hand, will be expressed only if the dominant allele is absent. Both codominant alleles are expressed in the organism, resulting in a mixture of the two alleles.
Alleles might be homozygous or heterozygous as well. Homozygous alleles are identical alleles, whereas heterozygous alleles are distinct alleles.
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This is commonly known as Growth Platesspongy boneyellow marrowEpiphyseal LineArticular Cartilege
The Cartilage region at the ends of long bones, commonly referred to as the physis, is the growth plate, where longitudinal bone growth takes place. High metabolic activity is present in this area of the bone, which is regulated by a range of hormones and signalling substances.
A sturdy and smooth form of connective tissue is cartilage. Articular cartilage is a structural element of numerous bodily components, including the rib cage, the neck, the bronchial tubes, and the intervertebral discs. It covers and protects the ends of long bones at joints in tetrapods. It may make up a significantly higher fraction of the skeleton in some taxa, such as chondrichthyans and cyclostomes. It is nonetheless significantly stiffer and less flexible than muscle but not being quite as hard and inflexible as bone. Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, collagen fibres, and infrequently elastin make up the matrix of cartilage.
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PLEASE HELP!! ONLY 5 QUESTIONS .
1. List and describe as many characteristics of marine habitat as possible.
2. How do biologists study the habitats of sea creatures?
3. How do creatures protect themselves in the ocean? How are these behaviors similar to land creatures?
4. Conduct internet research on the Galapagos Islands. Describe the habitat and any unique characteristics of the islands. Explain the importance of these habitats.
5. Why did scientists once believe creatures could not live below 1000 meters in the sea?
Answer:
I know #5 is Deep-sea animals have had to evolve, often through unusual and unique adapations, to live, reproduce, and thrive in these unique conditions. Until the late 19th century, many people considered the great depths of the ocean too harsh to support life. As a result, it was largely unexplored.
Explanation:
1. List and describe as many characteristics of marine habitat as possible.
ANSWER: 1) Plants posses succulent stem or roots or store water to dilute the salt.
2) Presence of pneumatophores or breathing roots for breathing atmospheric air or oxygen.
3) Presence of stilt roots for anchorage.
4) Presence ofvivi parous seedling to ensure their survival or continuity.
5) Some secrete excess salt into swamps to maintain balance of body salt
2. How do biologists study the habitats of sea creatures?
ANSWER: Marine biologists use high-tech and traditional sampling methods to analyze the denizens of marine habitats. Through courses like MBAQ 310 Marine Mammal and Seabird Biology and MBAQ 307 Ichthyology and Fish Health , students train in the latest methods for monitoring the health of sea life.
3. How do creatures protect themselves in the ocean? How are these behaviors similar to land creatures?
ANSWER: Many ocean inhabitants use numbers, flight, evasion or a combination of these to protect themselves from predators. Schools of fish, such as tuna, cod, herring and sardine, are composed of thousands that move as one, changing direction so quickly that their movements seem choreographed.
4. Conduct internet research on the Galapagos Islands. Describe the habitat and any unique characteristics of the islands. Explain the importance of these habitats.
ANSWER: The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, and are considered to be the most isolated archipelago on the planet. The islands are home to approximately 16 million birds, which is 60% of all species found in all of Ecuador. They are also home to 2,000 species of plants and animals, and have an average elevation of 600 meters above sea level.
5. Why did scientists once believe creatures could not live below 1000 meters in the sea?
ANSWER: is Deep-sea animals have had to evolve, often through unusual and unique adapations, to live, reproduce, and thrive in these unique conditions. Until the late 19th century, many people considered the great depths of the ocean too harsh to support life. As a result, it was largely unexplored.
Researchers are interested in growing anme in pure culture because that will allow them to study important aspects of its biology. Some things can be much more easily studied in a pure culture than in a mixed culture, while others cannot. Drag the choices to indicate whether it would be best to study that characteristic in a pure culture of anme or not.
Microbial culture is the foundation of basic diagnostic techniques which is extensively used as a research tool. It's very necessary to isolate the pure culture of microorganisms.
Pure culture indicates the population of cells which are grown in the absence of other species. This helps in the prevention of the contamination of the culture.
Agarose gel is used for the purpose of gelling the microbial culture. Agarose is extracted from the seaweed. Petri dish is used to grow the microbial culture.
In conclusion, generation time in nature, rate of sulphate reduction, process of methane oxidation, regulation, regulation of metabolism in Anme and metabolic requirements of Anme are some important aspects for growing Anme in pure culture
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Cartilage repairs slowly after adolescence becauseA) collagen synthesis ceases.B) the perichondrium thickens, preventing diffusion of gasses and nutrients.C) chondrocytes no longer are able to divide.
D) the cartilage matrix becomes mineralized
Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that serves as a structural support and shock absorber in the body. C) chondrocytes no longer are able to divide.
It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes, which produce a matrix of collagen and proteoglycans that gives cartilage its unique properties. Cartilage is known for its slow repair and regeneration, particularly after adolescence.
The reason for the slow repair of cartilage after adolescence is that chondrocytes no longer are able to divide. This means that the tissue cannot be repaired or regenerated in the same way that other tissues can. In addition, the cartilage matrix becomes more dense and rigid with age, making it more difficult for nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the tissue. This can further impair the ability of the chondrocytes to repair and maintain the cartilage.
In summary, the slow repair of cartilage after adolescence is primarily due to the fact that chondrocytes are no longer able to divide and that the matrix of the cartilage becomes more rigid and less able to support the metabolic needs of the cells. These factors contribute to the decreased ability of cartilage to repair and regenerate itself.
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The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
a. basal nuclei
b. hippocampus
c. corpus callosum
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus
e. gray 'H'
Corpus callosum. The left and right cerebral hemispheres are linked by white matter fibres in the important commissural region of the brain known as the corpus callosum.
The largest part of the brain is, in fact, the cerebrum. This structure is made comprised of the cerebral cortex as well as other subcortical regions. The corpus callosum, a wide, dense band of fibre, connects the two cerebral hemispheres that make up the brain. The left and right cerebral hemispheres are connected by a white artery called the corpus callosum, which is an important commissural region of the brain. In order to comprehend sensory, motor, and sophisticated cognitive signals, the corpus callosum integrates and transmits information from both cerebral hemispheres.
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What is the main difference between plasma and serum?
Answer:
brainliest pleaseeeeee!
Explanation:
PLASMA
A transparent, straw-coloured, liquid portion of the blood.It is composed of serum and clotting factor.It is acquired after centrifuging blood with the anticoagulant.Anticoagulant is required to obtain plasma from the blood sample.Consists of 55% of the total volume of blood.Comparatively easier and less time is required to separate the plasma from the blood sample.Contains fibrinogen.Consists of 92% water with proteins, salts, lipids, and glucose.Has 1.025 g/ml density.Has a long shelf life. It can be preserved up to ten years.Plasma is the main medium for excretory product transportation.Cells are freely suspended in plasma.SERUM
An undiluted fluid, the extracellular portion of blood.It is the part of the blood which lacks clotting factor.It is acquired after centrifuging of coagulated blood.Anticoagulant is not required to separate the serum from the blood sample.Less volume in comparison to plasma.Difficult to separate serum from the blood sample. It is a time-consuming process.Lacks fibrinogen.Consists of 90% water with dissolved hormones, proteins, minerals, and carbon dioxide.Has 1.024 g/ml density.Has a short shelf life. It can be preserved only for a few months.An important source of electrolytes.Cells are attached together by clot formation.Name the two Nucleic acids present in the Cell.A. i) RNA ii) DNAB. i) RNA ii) mitochondriaC. i) DNA ii) mitochondriaD. i) DNA ii) ribosome
A. i) RNA ii) DNA. The two nucleic acids present in the cell are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells.
It is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of living organisms. RNA, on the other hand, is involved in the synthesis of proteins based on the instructions encoded in DNA. RNA is found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes of cells. Mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for energy production and do not contain nucleic acids, while ribosomes are cellular structures involved in protein synthesis and contain RNA. Therefore, option D is incorrect.
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how do the tree shrews in borneo help the potty plant to survive
The tree shrews in Borneo help the pitcher plant (Nepenthes spp.) to survive by serving as pollinators.
Tree shrews are attracted to the sweet nectar produced by the pitcher plant, and as they feed, they transfer pollen from one flower to another, promoting cross-pollination and genetic diversity within the species.
In addition to pollination, tree shrews also play a role in seed dispersal. When the shrews feed on the nectar, they consume some of the seeds, which are then deposited in their feces at various locations throughout the forest. This helps the pitcher plant to expand its range and colonize new areas.
The mutualistic relationship between the tree shrews and the pitcher plant is an example of a specialized adaptation, in which each species has evolved to meet the specific needs of the other. The tree shrews benefit by obtaining a reliable source of food, while the pitcher plant benefits by having its reproductive success increased through pollination and seed dispersal.
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oocytes complete meiosis ii before they are fertilized. True/False?
Yes, that's True. oocytes complete meiosis ii before they are fertilized.
Up to fertilisation, oocytes are retained in the ovary during metaphase II of the meiotic cycle. This block is released when progesterone activates c-Mos, which further phosphorylates maturation promotion factor (MPF).
encourages maturation is the One of the main protein kinases that activates and acts as the master regulator for the M-phase transition is Cdk1/cyclin B, also known as MPF or maturation promoting factor. It phosphorylates and activates other downstream protein kinases in addition to several structural proteins involved in cellular rearrangement.
By phosphorylating condensins, lamins, nuclear pore complexes, and inner nuclear membrane proteins, it also plays a significant part in the chromatin condensation process, the nuclear envelope disintegration process, the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, and the development of oocytes complete meiosis ii before they are fertilized.
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an example of an energy-requiring reaction is __________, which uses energy from the sun to produce sugars; an example of an energy releasing reaction is cellular ____________, which releases the energy in sugars.a. cellularb. photosynthesisc. respiration
Anglerfish have glowing body parts above their mouths. Other fish swim to the glowing part, and then the
anglerfish catch and eat them.
Where do anglerfish live?
O in the deepest waters of the ocean
O in shallow waters near the shore
O along the shores of the polar ocean
O near the surface in the middle of the ocean
The esca (the "lure"), a highly changeable structure at the end of the anglerfish's "fishing rod," is home to tiny glowing bacteria known as Photobacterium.
Where does the fisherman live and fish?Anglerfish are found in the ocean between 0 and 1000 metres deep, rarely going below the continental slope. Fish age and season have an impact on this vast range of depths (water temperatures and prey availability).
What does the bioluminescent component that hangs in front of the angler fish's face serve to do?A bag of bioluminescent bacteria at the end of the rod emits a brilliant glow at night. The anglerfish uses the light to draw prey to its waiting mouth, serving as its own personal delivery service for food.
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Answer: in the deepest waters of the ocean
did the test
Which would provide the most reliable data about the genetic factors that affect plant growth
Under the same circumstances, seeds from a variety of plants are planted, and it is discovered that their rates of growth are comparable.
Genetic factors Clarification: The accessibility of food, light, space, and water are a few examples of local environmental variables. Species of grass that impact organism growth and huge breed cattle are two examples of genetic variables. The development of an adult plant is influenced by local environment as well as genetic variables.
Each species has a normal adult size range, and an animal's development is influenced by genetic factors, food consumption, and interactions with other creatures. The term "growth" describes a rise in the size and mass of an organ or a body. Cell division and a rise in intracellular material are the usual mechanisms. Physiological and functional development is referred to growth.
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Correct Question:
Mention What would we provide the most reliable data about the genetic factors that affect plant growth.
where does water reabsorption occur in the nephron
Water reabsorption occurs passively in the first segments of the nephron. The proximal convoluted tubule is the first part of the nephron responsible for water reabsorption.
What is nephron and its function?nephron, functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney.
What is the first part of the nephron?The first part is called the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), due to its proximity to the glomerulus. The second part is called the loop of Henle, or nephritic loop, because it forms a loop (with descending and ascending limbs) that goes through the renal medulla.
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what role does nondisjunction play in the formation of a fertile allopolyploid hybrid?
The creation of a fertile allopolyploid hybrid results in a hybrid with twice as many chromosomes.
Which of the 23 chromosomes is it?There are 46 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell, for a total of 23 pairs. Twenty-two of these pairs, which are referred to as autosomes, appear identical in males and females. Males and females have distinct sex chromosomes, the 23rd pair.
Can chromosomes exist without you?Yes, but typically there are health issues associated with it. The absence of an X or Y chromosome is the only circumstance in which a missing chromosome can be tolerated. About one in every 2,500 females suffer from this condition, which is also known as Turner syndrome or XO. One of the most prevalent abnormalities on the chromosome is XO.
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how to calculate mean arterial pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a measure of the average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle.
It is calculated by the following formula:
MAP = diastolic blood pressure + (systolic blood pressure - diastolic blood pressure) / 3
Here's a step-by-step guide to calculating mean arterial pressure:
1. Take systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements. These readings can be obtained using a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope or an electronic blood pressure monitor.
2. Add systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
3. Subtract, diastolic blood pressure from the total calculated in step 2.
4. Divide the result from step 3 by 3.
The result is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg).
You could also use the following formula:
MAP = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
where cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped per minute by the heart and total peripheral resistance is the resistance to blood flow in the arteries. This method, however, requires more advanced measurements and calculations.
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How does saturation of the fatty acid tails in the phospholipids affect the fluidity of the membrane?
Saturated fatty acids press in on one another when temperatures drop, creating a dense, rather hard membrane. Compressing unsaturated fatty acids results in
What is the straightforward meaning of membrane?
The light coating that forms the external border of a life form or of an interior cell compartment is known as a membrane in biology. The organelles are the spaces surrounded by internal membranes and have the plasma membrane as their external boundary.
What body part makes up the membrane?
Body membranes are incredibly thin tissue sheets that line body cavities, cover organs inside of hollow organs, and cover the body's surface. The epithelium and associated tissues membranes are the two basic types of bodily membranes. Mucous, serous vesicles, synovial mucins, and meninges are subcategories.
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T/F the zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle.
True. The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer that surrounds the oocyte and is formed as the follicle develops into a secondary follicle.
The plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes is encased in an unique extracellular matrix known as the zona pellucida (plural zonae pellucidae, also known as egg coat or pellucid zone). It is an essential component of the oocyte. Unilaminar primary oocytes are where the zona pellucida initially manifests. Both the oocyte and the ovarian follicles emit it. The corona radiata encircles the zona pellucida. When the egg is released from the ovary, cells in the corona look after it.
The spermatozoa are bound by this structure, which is necessary to start the acrosome reaction. The zona glycoprotein, ZP3, which binds to proteins on the sperm plasma membrane, is in charge of sperm binding in the mouse (the mammalian system that has been most thoroughly studied). When the acrosome response is induced, a spermatozoon discharges the contents of the acrosomal vesicle. ZP3 is then implicated in this process. As additional zona proteins have been discovered, it has gotten more difficult to precisely characterise what happens in different species. The blastocyst in humans conducts zona hatching five days after fertilisation; the zona pellucida degenerates and decomposes to be replaced by the underlying layer of trophoblastic cells. For the development and fertilisation of oocytes, the zona pellucida is necessary.
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scientists use which fact as evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts have prokaryotic origins?
Scientists use several lines of evidence to support the hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts have prokaryotic origins, but one of the key pieces of evidence is the possession of their own DNA and the ability to replicate independently of the host cell's nucleus.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for energy production and photosynthesis, respectively. They are surrounded by two membranes, and their inner membranes contain enzymes and transporters that are similar to those found in bacterial membranes.
DNA sequencing has revealed that the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size, structure, and gene content to those of bacteria and that they contain many genes that are essential for their own replication and function.
In addition, electron microscopy and other techniques have shown that mitochondria and chloroplasts divide by a process that is similar to binary fission, which is the way bacteria reproduce.
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gram stain is a laboratory technique used to distinguish between various kinds of bacteria based on the characteristics of the ______________.
a. Cell wall
b. Chitin
c. Obligate aerobes
d. Purple
The Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to distinguish between various kinds of bacteria based on the characteristics of the cell wall. Here option A is the correct answer.
The cell wall is an essential component of bacterial cells and plays an important role in maintaining cell shape and protecting the cell from environmental stressors. The Gram stain takes advantage of the fact that different types of bacterial cell walls react differently to certain chemicals.
During the Gram staining procedure, bacterial cells are first stained with crystal violet and then treated with a decolorizing agent and a counterstain.
Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple under a microscope, while Gram-negative bacteria lose the crystal violet stain and take up the counterstain, appearing pink or red under a microscope.
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what is a gene, dna, and a chromosome ordered least to greatest??
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
gene, chromosome, dna
Explanation:
When was nova let's make a microbe posted?
On October 18, 2020, Nova Let's make a Microbe was released. Nova, a prominent scientific television show, uploaded the post on its YT account.
The video provided viewers with an inside glimpse into the creation of a bacterium, from conception to final form. The article used CGI to bring a bacterium to life and teach viewers the process of creating a microorganism. The post went over every stage of the process, from creating the genetic code to adding proteins and lipids.
The relevance of bacteria and their role in the ecosystem were also explored in the piece. Microbes, while too tiny to be seen with the human eye, are critical to the health of the earth, playing a key part in processes such as nitrogen fixation, carbon sequestration, and decomposition, according to Nova.
The piece was well-received, with over 600,000 views as of this writing. The article garnered several favourable comments applauding the show's efforts, with many viewers expressing a want to understand more about germs and how they function.
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what are the success factors of insects that lead to the need for limited resources?
The success factors of insects that lead to the need for limited resources are their small size, strong reproductive rates, adaptability, efficient metabolism, and various feeding techniques.
Small size, high reproductive rates, the capacity to adapt to new habitats, efficient metabolic processes, and a diverse range of feeding techniques are some of the success elements that enable insects to thrive despite the limited resources available to them. They also have a sturdy exoskeleton, which serves as protection against potential threats from both the environment and potential predators.
In addition, many different kinds of insects have developed specialized structures and behaviours over the course of their evolution. These adaptations enable them to fill particular niches within their ecosystems, which further improves their capacity to live and reproduce despite having limited access to resources.
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which variation would be most likely to benefit any organism, regardless of environment?
Answer:
the experiment of genetic variation and modification
what are the three primary types of plasma proteins?
The three primary types of plasma proteins are: 1.Albumin 2.Globulins 3.Fibrinogen.
1.Albumin: Albumin is the most abundant protein in plasma, constituting approximately 60% of total plasma protein. Its main functions include maintaining blood pressure and regulating fluid balance within tissues.
2.Globulins: Globulins are a diverse group of proteins that include antibodies, transport proteins, and enzymes. They constitute approximately 35% of total plasma protein.
3.Fibrinogen: Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting, and it constitutes approximately 4% of total plasma protein. When bleeding occurs, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which forms a clot to stop the bleeding.
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