How can crystals form? Select all that apply.
when a gas turns into a liquid
when a liquid cools and solidifies
when a liquid evaporates and leaves a solid behind
when a mineral is mined from the Earth

The freezing point (in degrees Celsius) of 4.48 kg of water if it contains 156.6 g of butanol, c4h9oh  is  -1.34° C.

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid is known as the freezing point. Similar to the melting point, the freezing point is typically raised by increased pressure. In the case of mixtures and for some organic substances, such as fats, the freezing point is lower than the melting point.

By using colligative property Freezing point depression law we can write;

Depression in freezing point = Kfᵐ;   --------------(1)

Where m= molality = moles of solute / {weight of solvent(in kg)} ; Freezing point depression constant (Kf) = 1.860C/m

 Here, solute is butanol and solvent is water

Given; Weight of solute= 220.8 g ; Molar mass of butanol =74.12g/mol and Weight of solvent= 4.15 kg

So, Moles of solute (Butanol) = mass/ molar mass = 220.8/ 74.12 = 2.98

      Putting all the values in equation (1), we get;

     Depression in freezing point =  (1.86[tex])^{(2.98/4.15)}[/tex]  =1.34 0C

    Freezing point of pure solvent - Freezing point of solution = 1.340C

    As freezing point of water (pure solvent) = 00C

    00C -  Freezing point of solution = 1.340C

    ⇒  Freezing point of solution = -1.34

So, freezing point of water containing 220.8 g butanol will be - 1.34° C

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The response is untrue, thus no. Methane (CH4) and oxygen combine to produce water and carbon dioxide. Since there are different numbers of hydrogen atoms on either side.

Methane (CH4) and oxygen combine to generate water and carbon dioxide. Since there are different numbers of hydrogen atoms on either side, we can see that the process is not balanced in this instance. The quantity of oxygen atoms is the same.

Natural gas mostly consists of methane. Methane is released into the atmosphere where it ultimately mixes with oxygen to create additional carbon dioxide (CO2). This straightforward chemical process turns methane into carbon dioxide.

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The relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas can be described by the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins.

We can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for volume:

V = (nRT) / P

We know the initial volume of the gas at STP (standard temperature and pressure of 0 °C and 1 atm):

V1 = 3.2 m^3

We also know the initial temperature and pressure:

T1 = 273.15 K (0 °C converted to kelvins)

P1 = 1 atm

And we know the final temperature and pressure:

T2 = 38.0 + 273.15 = 311.15 K

P2 = 3.1 atm

Assuming the number of moles of gas stays constant, we can substitute the known values into the equation and solve for the final volume:

V2 = (nRT2) / P2

V2 = (n * R * 311.15) / 3.1

V2 = (n * 8.31 * 311.15) / 3.1

Since the number of moles n cancels out, we can simplify the equation:

V2 = (8.31 * 311.15) / 3.1

V2 = 936.76 / 3.1

V2 = 301.31 m^3

So the final volume of the gas under the specified conditions is 301.31 m^3 to two decimal places.

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The kinetic energy of a 100kg cart moving at a speed of 6 m/s is 1800 J.

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy that an object has because of its motion. If you want to accelerate an object, then you must apply a force. Force can be applied when work is done by us. After work has been done, the energy will get transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed.

K.E = 1/2 mv²

m = 100 kg

v = 6 m/s

Substituting the values we get,

K.E = 1/2 × 100 × 6 × 6

⇒ K.E = 1800 J

Hence, The kinetic energy of a 100kg cart moving at a speed of 6 m/s is 1800 J.

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For most of the substances shown, solubility increases with increasing temperature. The exception is carbon dioxide, which has a decrease in solubility with increasing temperature.

Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of an object or environment. It is measured on a numerical scale and expressed in units such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin. Temperature can be measured in many ways, including thermometers, infrared sensors, and other temperature-sensing devices. Temperature affects many things in the environment, including the speed of chemical reactions, the behavior of materials, and the ability of organisms to survive. Changes in temperature can cause physical and chemical processes to occur, such as melting, evaporating, and condensing. Temperature is an important factor in the study of climate change and the global environment. Temperature plays a role in the formation of weather and the development of ecosystems. Understanding temperature is essential to understanding how and why the environment changes.

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According to the  stoichiometry, 0.621 g  of nitrogen can be made when 5.3 grams of CuO are consumed.

It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.In the given chemical equation, 238.62 g copper oxide gives 28 g nitrogen thus, 5.3 g will give 5.3×28/238.62=0.621 g.

Thus, 0.621 g  of nitrogen can be made when 5.3 grams of CuO are consumed.

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Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of Adults (option B.).

Oysters are found in coastal areas that are either salty or brackish, and they tend to congregate on older shells, rocks, piers, or any other submerged surface that is hard. They eventually build rock-like reefs by fusing together as they grow, which provides a habitat for a variety of other marine animals and plants.

The word "oyster" refers to a number of different families of bivalve mollusks that live in marine or brackish environments and are known together by the name "oyster." In other species, the valves are extremely calcified, and the shape of several of them is rather asymmetrical. The superfamily Ostreoidea contains a significant number of oysters, although not all of them.

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In the given chemical reaction, 87.4 g of carbon dioxide gas is produced if 29.4 g of ethene and 95.3 g of oxygen is used in a reaction. The correct choice is option e.

Combustion is a chemical process that occurs in the presence of oxygen between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, creating heat and light.

We need to find the limiting reagent by calculating the moles of each reactant and comparing them to the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation.

Moles of [tex]\rm C_2H_4[/tex]= 29.4 g / 28.05 g/mol = 1.045 mol

Moles of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] = 95.3 g / 32 g/mol = 2.978 mol

The stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation is 1 mol [tex]\rm C_2H_4[/tex]: 3 mol  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex]. Therefore,  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] is the limiting reagent because we have less moles of  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio.

Now we can use the moles of  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] to determine the moles of [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]produced.

Moles of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]= 2.978 mol  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] [tex]\times[/tex] (2 mol  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]/ 3 mol  [tex]\rm O_2[/tex]) = 1.985 mol  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]

Finally, we can use the moles of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex] to determine the mass of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]produced.

Mass of  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]= 1.985 mol  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex][tex]\times[/tex] 44.01 g/mol = 87.4 g  [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex]

Therefore, option e. 87.4 g is the correct choice.

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Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was,

The following balanced equation describes the combustion of ethene

([tex]\rm C_2H_4[/tex]). How many grams of carbon dioxide, [tex]\rm CO_2[/tex], are produced if 29.4 g of ethene and 95.3 g of oxygen, [tex]\rm O_2[/tex], are used for the reaction? [tex]\rm 1C_2H_4+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]

(a) 133 g

(b) 92.3 g

(c) 46.1 g

(d) 131 g

(e) 87.4 g

Answer: zinc is less reactive than chlorine and therefore will not displace it.

Explanation: as we see in the reactivity series, chlorine is more reactive than potassium. a less reactive element will not displace (take the place of) a more reactive element. no reaction will occur.

when 0.982 g of mercury oxide are heated until all oxygen is expelled, 0.909g of mercury remain then the formula of the oxide will be HgO.

The formula of the oxide can be determined by using the mass loss during heating as a clue to the number of moles of oxygen that was present in the original sample.

First, we'll calculate the mass of oxygen that was expelled:

0.982 g - 0.909 g = 0.073 g

Next, we'll convert the mass of oxygen to moles:

0.073 g / (16.00 g/mol) = 0.00456 mol

Next, we'll convert the mass of mercury to moles:

0.909 g / (200.59 g/mol) = 0.00453 mol

The ratio of moles of mercury to moles of oxygen in the original sample is approximately 1:1, which means that the formula of the oxide is HgO.

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8.  The pressure of the gas in the container is 369.7 mmHg.

9. The new pressure of the gas in atmospheres is 1.47 atm

10. The temperature in Kelvin will 0. 1243 moles of fluorine exert a pressure of 2. 02 atm at a volume of 0. 625 L is 124 K.

The ideal gas equation is expressed as :

P V = n R T

8. The gas law is :

P₁ V₁ = P₂ V₂

P₂ =  P₁ V₁ / V₂

P₂ = ( 256.4 × 362 ) / 251

     = 369.7 mmHg

9. P₁ V₁ / T₁ = P₂ V₂ / T₂

P₂ = P₁ V₁ T₂ V₂T₁

P₂ = ( 1 × 32.4 × 352) / 28.4 × 273

    = 1.47 atm

The pressure is 1.47 atm

10. P V = n R T

T = P V / n R

T = ( 2.02 × 625 ) / 0.1243 × 0.082

T = 124 K

Thus, the temperature is 124 K.

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The number of iron atoms present in the unit cell are 2  and The cubic unit cell that iron possess is Face centered unit cell.

Face Centered Cubic (fcc) or Cubic Close Packed (ccp) These are special names for the equal lattice. We can consider this cell as being made through putting every other atom into every face of the easy cubic lattice - therefore the "face targeted cubic" name. The face-targeted cubic (FCC) has a coordination wide variety of 12 and includes four atoms consistent with unit cell.

Volume of unit cell = (2.87 x 10^-8)^3 = 2.364 x 10^-23 cm^3

Mass of unit cell = density x volume

= 7.87 x 2.364 x 10^-23

= 1.86 x 10^-22 g/atom

Mass of atoms in a unit cell = 1.86 x 10^-22 x 6.023 x 10^-23 = 112.056 g

Number of Fe atoms in a unit cell = 112.056/55.845 = 2 atoms

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If the density of the ruby is 4.02 g/cm³, the volume of a 1.00 carat ruby is  0.049 cm³.

The density of the ruby = 4.02 g/cm³

The mass of the ruby = 1 carat

1 carat = 200 mg = 0.200 g

The mass of the ruby 0.200 g

The density is expressed as :

Density = mass / volume

The volume = mass / density

Volume = 0.200 / 4.02

Volume = 0.049 cm³

The volume of the ruby in mL = 0.049 mL.

Thus, the volume of the ruby is 0.049 mL in the 1 carat of the ruby.

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Explanation:

burning fossil fuels adds carbon dioxide, and photosynthesis removes it

The molecular formula of the compound with an empirical formula of CH and a molecular molar mass of 78 g/mol is, [tex]C_6H_6[/tex].

An Empirical formula is the chemical formula of a compound that gives the proportions (ratios) of the elements present in the compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms. This would be the lowest whole number ratio of the elements in the compound.

Given,

Empirical formula = CH

The molar mass of empirical is 12+1 = 13 g

The molar mass of molecular formula = 78 g

To find the number of empirical units divide the molecular mass + empirical mass

No. of units = 78÷13 = 6

So, the molecular formula is 6×(CH)

[tex]C_6H_6[/tex]

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Elements were arranged by atomic number and properties of the elements varied periodically with atomic number.

What is Mendeleev's period Table?

Mendeleev's initial periodic table, which stated that "Element characteristics are a periodic function of their atomic weight," was first published in 1869.

The Periodic table of Mendeleev is a table in which Mendeleev listed elements in the order of their atomic masses.

Mendeleev made an effort to link the atomic masses to their chemical and physical characteristics.

Hence, the properties of the elements varied periodically with atomic number, and the elements were ordered according to their atomic numbers.

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Aluminum (Al) is the limiting reagent with 0.601 moles.

To determine the limiting reagent, we need to compare the amount of each reactant with the amount required to completely react with the other reactant.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Fe₂O₃ and Al is:

Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of Fe₂O₃ reacts with 2 moles of Al.

To calculate the number of moles of each reactant, we need to divide the mass of each by its molar mass. The molar mass of Fe₂O₃ is 159.69 g/mol and the molar mass of Al is 26.98 g/mol.

The number of moles of Fe₂O₃:

32.0 g / 159.69 g/mol = 0.200 moles

The number of moles of Al:

16.2 g / 26.98 g/mol = 0.601 moles

Since 1 mole of Fe₂O₃ reacts with 2 moles of Aluminum, the limiting reagent is the one with the smallest number of moles. In this case, Al is the limiting reagent with 0.601 moles, while Fe₂O₃ has 0.200 moles. This means that Al will run out first and determine the amount of Fe and Al₂O₃ that can be produced.

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Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide form sodium chloride and water

Silver nitrate and potassium iodide.

A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted into one or a different substance and produce a new product. A substance is a chemical element or compound. Chemical reactions rearrange reactant atoms to make different substances.

Writing the chemical formulas of the reactants and the products of the reaction must be correct. The number of various atoms before the reaction (left arrow) and after the reaction (right arrow) must be the same. The states of the substances involved in a chemical reaction equation are written in parentheses after the chemical formula.

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The pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 50.0 ml of 0.300 M CH₃COOH with 0.3 M NaOH is approximately 4.68.

To calculate the pH at the equivalence point, we need to determine the concentration of acetate ion (CH₃COO⁻) and hydronium ion (H³O⁺) at this point.

At the start of the titration, the initial concentration of acetic acid is 0.300 M and the initial concentration of hydronium ion is the same.

Let's say that x moles of NaOH are added to the solution. This will lead to the formation of x moles of acetate ion (CH³COO⁻) and x moles of hydroxide ion (OH⁻).

The final concentration of acetic acid will be (0.300 M - x M) and the final concentration of hydronium ion will be (x M).

The ionization constant (Ka) for acetic acid can be used to determine the concentration of acetate ion and hydronium ion in the solution. The equation for the ionization of acetic acid is:

CH₃COOH + H₂O ↔ CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺

Ka = [CH₃COO⁻][H₃O⁺] / [CH₃COOH]

At the equivalence point, [CH₃COOH] = (0.300 M - x M), [CH₃COO⁻] = x M, and [H₃O⁺] = x M. Substituting these values into the equation for Ka, we get:

1.8 x 10⁻⁵ = (x)(x) / (0.300 - x)

Solving for x, we get:

x = 2.1 x 10⁻⁵ M

The pH at the equivalence point is equal to the negative log of the hydronium ion concentration:

pH = -log[H₃O⁺] = -log(2.1 x 10⁻⁵) = 4.68

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1). The most shielded is c while the least shielded is a.

2). The most shielded is b while the least shielded is a.

In part 1 Since CH₃ has the most electrically rich carbon atom, it is also the most shielded, hence the answer to the question is c.

As oxygen is the electronegative radical and makes up the least protected carbon in the carbonyl group, the solution for the most shielded carbon atom is a.

In part 2 Since CH₃ has the most electrically rich carbon atom, it is also the most insulated, hence the correct response is b.

Due to the existence of the pi electrons, the carbon in a ring is least protected, hence the answer for the most shielded carbon atom is a.

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Answer:

Avogadro's law is an ideal gas law that states that, at a constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. This law assumes that the gas is an ideal gas, which is a theoretical gas that follows a set of idealized assumptions, such as having no intermolecular forces and occupying no volume.

In reality, gases are not always ideal and can deviate from the ideal gas behavior at high pressures and low temperatures. In these conditions, the volume of a gas is no longer directly proportional to the number of moles of gas due to the intermolecular forces between gas particles. Real gases can also have different molar volumes, which means that the identity of the gas does matter when considering the relationship between volume and number of moles.

Therefore, while Avogadro's law is a useful approximation in many situations, it is not always accurate for real gases.

According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical reaction, the  reaction of 2.0 mole of O₂ will produce 1.6 mole of H₂O.

It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.In the given reaction, 5 moles of oxygen gives 4 moles of water, thus 2 mole of oxygen will give 2×4/5=1.6 moles of water.

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Answer:

Why can some substances be reused while others can't?

Explanation:

we can only reuse some substances because they are very stable. while the other substsances are unstable and can hurt you.

Answer:

3.3

Explanation: Just trust the process.

If a molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons then it is polar molecule and it will not be dissolved in water because the distribution of electrons around the molecule is no longer symmetrical.

This is referred to as a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing is unequal. In a polar covalent bond, sometimes simply called a polar bond, the distribution of electrons around the molecule is no longer symmetrical.

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Sample A was from a gunshot while sample B is from a blow. Option C

In forensics, the blood pattern has to do with the way that the blood is arranged or the way that the blood flows among a particular target. It is common to see that when a person is shot, the blood would splatter on the wall behind the victim.

The pattern of the splatter of the blood can be used to tell if the would from a high velocity impact of if the would was just from a medium velocity impact as are shown by the images.

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the formal charge on carbon in the Lewis structure for COCl2 is 0.n the molecule cocl2, carbon is the central atom

The Lewis structure for COCl2 can be drawn as follows:

O=C=Cl

In this structure, the carbon atom is bonded to one oxygen atom and two chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom is bonded to the central carbon atom by a single bond, and the oxygen atom is bonded to the carbon atom by a double bond.

To calculate the formal charge on carbon, we can use the following formula:

Formal charge = (# of valence electrons) - (nonbonding electrons + 1/2 bonding electrons)

In this case, carbon has 4 valence electrons and shares 2 electrons in the double bond with oxygen, and 1 electron with each of the two chlorine atoms, for a total of 4 electrons. Thus, the formal charge on carbon is:

Formal charge = (4) - (0 + 1/2 * 4) = 0

Therefore, the formal charge on carbon in the Lewis structure for COCl2 is 0.

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The offered sentence describes the exothermic change in energy as "freezing."

A reaction is deemed to be exothermic if it produces heat while also undergoing a net decrease in standard ∆h. Examples provide any type of flame, iron rusting, and water freezes. Exothermic processes are those that discharge heat and energy into the surrounding environment.

Exothermic refers to chemical reactions which release energy. When bonds are created in the products of exothermic processes, more energy is produced than is required to break bonds between the reactants. Endothermic refers to chemical reactions that either use or absorb photons.

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A 0.026 M KOH solution has [tex][OH-] = 0.026 M, [H3O+] = 10^(-13) M[/tex], and a pH of 12.97.

A potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is a strong base and dissociates completely in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). The molar concentration of KOH can be used to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions.

[OH-] = 0.026 M

The hydroxide ions will react with water to produce hydronium ions (H3O+), according to the equation:

[tex]OH- + H2O - > H3O+ + OH-[/tex]

The concentration of hydronium ions can be calculated using the equation:

[tex][H3O+] = Kw/[OH-] = 10^(-14)/[OH-] = 10^(-14)/0.026 = 10^(-13) M[/tex]

The pH of the solution can be calculated using the equation:

[tex]pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(10^(-13)) = 13.[/tex]

Therefore, the pH of the 0.026 M KOH solution is 12.97.

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Sodium and potassium are s-block alkali metals. Because potassium and sodium are metals, they each lose one electron.

Reactivity is indeed a measure of how easily a material conducts a chemical reaction in chemistry. The reaction might include the chemical alone or in combination with those other atoms or molecules, and it is usually followed by the release of energy. The most reactive components and elements have the potential to spontaneously or explosively ignite.

Because potassium and sodium are metals, they each lose one electron. They create cations and react with nonmetals to generate salt. Sodium and potassium are s-block alkali metals.

Therefore, because potassium and sodium are metals, they each lose one electron.

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