Chordates are a diverse phylum of animals that possess several distinctive features that distinguish them from other animal groups.
a. Postanal tail: Chordates have a tail that extends past the anus during some point in their life cycle, such as in fish and reptiles. The tail is used for locomotion and balance.
b. Cranium: Chordates have a head that is supported and protected by a skull or cranium, which is a bony or cartilaginous structure.
c. Pharyngeal slits: Chordates possess paired openings in the pharynx, the region behind the mouth, which are used for breathing, feeding, or communication.
d. Notochord: Chordates have a flexible, rod-like structure called the notochord that runs along the dorsal (back) side of their body. The notochord provides support and helps to maintain the body's shape.
e. Dorsal hollow nerve cord: Chordates have a tubular nerve cord that runs along the dorsal side of their body. This nerve cord is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and acts as the central nervous system.
f. Vertebral column: Chordates possess a segmented vertebral column or spine, which replaces the notochord in adult vertebrates. The vertebral column provides support and protection for the spinal cord.
To learn more about chordates
https://brainly.com/question/12406059
#SPJ4
What is the carrying capacity of the graph?
0.3 million
0.5 million
2012
2007
0.4 million
Answer: B
Explanation:
i know
herbivory on brassica plants can induce the production of defensive chemicals such as glucosinolates. for example, one effect of these chemicals is the inhibition of growth of caterpillars feeding on the plant. do a web search to learn more about glucosinolates and describe another way in which they can provide a defense for plants against being eaten. be sure to write the function in your own words.
These plants use a powerful defense mechanism known as the "mustard oil bomb" to destroy their enemies: If plant tissues are harmed, glucosinolates or the chemical myrosinase are released.
What functions do glucosinolates have in the body?Recent research demonstrates the positive impacts of glucosinolates, which also have direct antibacterial properties and regulatory roles in inflammation, stress hormone, phase I physiology, and antioxidant activities.
Are glucosinolates poisonous to people?Although glucosesinolates are non-toxic, they are broken down into thiocyanates, nitriles, and isothiocyanates. Thiocyanates induce hypothermia, isothiocyanates cause goitrin, which lowers the blood tetraiodothyronine content, while nitriles cause hepatocellular hypertrophy and thickening.
To know more about Glucosinolates visit:
brainly.com/question/25100854
#SPJ4
What is cephal medical term ?
The term "cephal" is a medical term meaning "head".
It is typically used when referring to the anatomy of the head or skull.
For example, the cephalic region is a term used to describe the area of the head which includes the face, cranium, and scalp.
It is derived from the Greek word "kephalē" which means "head." This term is often used in medical terminology to describe conditions or procedures that involve the head. For example, "cephalalgia" is a medical term for headache, "cephalic" refers to the head or skull, and "cephalometry" is the measurement of the head. In summary, cephal is a medical term that is used to describe anything related to the head or skull.
To learn more about skull:
https://brainly.com/question/28190325#
#SPJ11
A common feature of thermal pollution and artificial eutrophication is that they both:
A. have sources that are difficult to identify and control.
B. cause large mats of algae to bloom in fresh water.
C. are a result of power plants and other industrial activity.
D. decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.
Was Julian the only chemist working on the synthesis of physostigmine?
In 11 synthetic stages, Julian and Josef Pikl, a chemical assistant, put together physostigmine starting with phenacetin. The three-year endeavor was chronicled in a number of publications published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
The parasympathomimetic alkaloid physostigmine, commonly known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean, is very poisonous and acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It naturally exists in the fruit of the Manchineel tree and the Calabar bean.
Percy Lavon Julian and Josef Pikl created the substance for the first time in 1935. It is offered in the United States as eserine salicylate and eserine sulfate, as well as under the brand names Antilirium and Isopto Eserine.
Learn more about physostigmine
https://brainly.com/question/28912409
#SPJ4
bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called____
Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called "Haversian canals" or "osteonic canals".
These canals contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply and nourish the bone tissue. The concentric circles of bone cells are called lamellae, and they surround the Haversian canals in a structure known as an osteonic or Haversian system.
The Haversian system is the basic unit of structure in compact bone, and it allows for the efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products between the bone cells and the blood vessels. The arrangement of the lamellae in the Haversian system also helps to resist compressive and torsional forces, making bone a strong and resilient tissue.
Overall, Bone cells form concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called Haversian canals.
To learn more about Haversian canals
https://brainly.com/question/29373248
#SPJ4
What kind of attraction holds the oppositely charged ions together in an ionic bond?
The two ions that make up an ionic bond are held together by a powerful electric force of attraction.
What kind of attraction exists between ions of various charges?Ionic bonds, also known as electrovalent bonds in chemical compounds, are created when opposingly charged ions electrostatically attract one another. When the valence (outside section) electrons of one atom are permanently transferred to another atom, a bond of this type is created.
What kind of attraction towards one another?Since opposite charges attract, these ions have the opposite charges. Ionic bonds are created by the electrostatic attraction of positive and negative ions. Therefore, an ionic bond's positive and negative ions are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces.
To know more about ionic bond visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29468962
#SPJ4
What is dual innervation means that an individual effector:
Individual effectors with dual innervation get input from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate has antagonistic effects on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Many autonomic nervous system effector organs have dual innervation, which means they receive competing signals from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system raises heart rate, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system lowers heart rate. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervate the heart, glands, and smooth muscles (dual innervation). Furthermore, they are frequently active reciprocally, which means that when one division's activity increases, the activity of the other division lowers.
Learn more about dual innervation
https://brainly.com/question/13015650
#SPJ4
Fill The Blank? tyrosinase catalyzes a reaction that oxidizes ______________________ and ______________________ is the product.
The enzyme TYROSINASE catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), resulting in the production of dopaquinone, in the presence of oxygen.
Tyrosinase has the peculiar ability to catalyze three different biochemical processes, including the hydroxylation of a monophenol, catechol dehydrogenation, and dihydroxyindole dehydrogenation, all within a single metabolic pathway.
Tyrosinase, an oxidoreductase in the general category of enzymes, is a component of the oxidation and reduction processes in the epidermis. The major role of the enzyme in the melanogenesis process is to catalyze these chemical events. When an enzyme is present, the rate of the reaction is higher than when an enzyme is not there.
Learn more about tyrosinase Visit: brainly.com/question/29497644
#SPJ4
in a dna strand successive nucleotides are linked by?
a. oxygen bonds
b. nitrogen bonds
c. hydrogen bonds
A polymer or nucleotides called DNA is joined to one another by three to five phosphodiester bonds.
What holds the DNA's nucleotides together?Nucleotides make up DNA and RNA, and they are connected to each other in a sequence via chemical interactions between their neighbouring nucleotides' phosphate groups and sugar bases, known as ester bonds. Each nucleotide has a sugar at its 3' end and a phosphate at its 5' end.
Are phosphodiester bonds used to connect nucleotides?When nucleotides were incorporated onto DNA, a phosphodiester bond forms between neighbouring nucleotides, which is a covalent binding between a nucleotide's 5' phosphate group and its 3'-OH group (see below). Each DNA strand thus has a phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate "backbone".
To know more about polymer visit:
https://brainly.com/question/17354715
#SPJ4
what is bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes?
Bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes are called staphylococci.
The skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals frequently contain staphylococci, which are spherical bacteria. Although they maintain the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining procedure, they are categorised as Gram-positive bacteria because of the strong peptidoglycan coating in their cell walls.
Skin infections, pneumonia, and sepsis are just a few of the illnesses that Staphylococci can bring on in people. Because some staphylococci strains are resistant to numerous drugs, infections may be more challenging to treat. Moreover, Staphylococci can create toxins that result in food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, a potentially fatal illness marked by fever, hypotension, and organ failure. The spread of staphylococcal infections can be halted by maintaining good hygiene, which includes frequent hand washing.
To know more about staphylococci
brainly.com/question/14703814
#SPJ4
What are three ways invasive species can invade an ecosystem?
Invasive species can invade an ecosystem in three main ways:
Accidental IntroductionDeliberate IntroductionNatural DispersalWhat are invasive species?Invasive species are species that are not native to an ecosystem and have a negative impact on native species and the ecosystem as a whole. They can be plants, animals, or microorganisms that are introduced to an ecosystem either deliberately or accidentally, and are able to establish and spread rapidly, often outcompeting native species for resources and altering the ecosystem in negative ways.
Invasive species can cause harm to the environment by disrupting food webs, altering habitats, and reducing biodiversity. They can also harm human interests by reducing crop yields, causing damage to infrastructure, and spreading diseases
Learn more about invasive species, here:
https://brainly.com/question/12547595
#SPJ9
What are the other functions of the bones aside from support and protection?
Answer:
Bone provides shape and support for the body, as well as protection for some organs. Bone also serves as a storage site for minerals and provides the medium—marrow—for the development and storage of blood cells.
Explanation:
n/a
Did animal-mediated fertilization originate with flowering plants, or was this mode of sperm dispersal likely in place before the origin of flowering plants?
Animals were probably involved in fertilisation long before flowering plants. For instance, mosses, which were some of the earliest land plants, were fertilised by animals. Moss sperm can swim a short distance to fertilise an egg because they are mobile.
Porogamy. The majority of angiosperms, or blooming plants, fertilise using this method. The pollen tube penetrates the ovule thru the micropyle in this method of fertilisation. Animals were probably involved in fertilisation long before flowering plants. For instance, mosses, which were some of the earliest land plants, were fertilised by animals. Moss sperm can swim a short distance to fertilise an egg because they are mobile.Strassburger made the initial discovery of fertilisation of flowering plants in 1884. The stigma of the pistil is where the pollen grains were initially released from the anther. They begin to grow there and develop into pollen tubes, which descend through the style and head for the ovules.
Learn more about animal
https://brainly.com/question/1493437
#SPJ4
in terms of the source of their carbon, plants are_____ , and animals are_____
In terms of the source of their carbon, plants are autotrophs, and animals are heterotrophs.
Plants are the most commonly known form of autotroph, however there are numerous more types of autotrophs. Animals are heterotrophs because they lack the chlorophyll pigment required for photosynthesis, so they feed on live creatures. An autotroph is a living organism that can generate its own food from light, water, carbon dioxide, and other chemicals.
Autotrophs are also known as producers as they manufacture their own food. Consumers are heterotrophs since they consume producers or even other consumers. Heterotrophs include dogs, birds, fish, and humans. Heterotrophs live on the third and second tiers of a food chain, which is a series of species that offer energy and nutrients to other organisms.
To know more about the Plants, here
https://brainly.com/question/28391571
#SPJ4
the energy required to change a solid into a liquid is known as the heat of ____.a.) vaporization
b.) sublimation
c.) fusion
d.) fission
e.) condensation
The energy required to change a solid into a liquid is known as the heat of fusion. The correct answer is C.
Heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point, while maintaining constant temperature and pressure.
When a solid absorbs heat, its temperature increases until it reaches the melting point. At this point, the heat energy absorbed is used to break the intermolecular bonds holding the solid together, resulting in a phase change from solid to liquid.
Heat of fusion is an important concept in many industrial processes, such as melting of metals, melting of ice for drinking water, and melting of wax for making candles.
Learn more about Heat of fusion here: https://brainly.com/question/16923604
#SPJ4
What is the function of QuickLyse spin columns?
Spin column- grounded nucleic acid sanctification is a solid phase birth system to snappily purify nucleic acids.
Spin Column- Grounded is one of the RNA birth styles that comprise of four stages videlicet lysis of cells, list of nucleic acid to silica gel membrane, washing the nucleic acid bound to the silica gel membrane, and elution of the nucleic acid. a small ‐ scale chromatography procedure in which fluid is moved through the column by centrifugal force. It has the advantage that several columns can be run contemporaneously in the centrifuge rotor. Classic spin column- grounded DNA and RNA sanctification uses silica membrane columns to insulate nucleic acid from cell, towel, blood, and other sample types. DNA or RNA is bound to silica using high attention of a chaotropic swab similar as guanidine hydrochloride.
Learn more about spin column at
https://brainly.com/question/3614079
#SPJ4
how do we determine if an animal is truly extinct?
A species can only be declared extinct today if there is "no reasonable doubt that the last individual member has perished," according to updated 1990s regulations. For each species under consideration, scientists today take into account information on the population size, number of breeding adults, geographic range, and habitat degradation.
It was proposed in the 1980s that an extinction should be declared if a species went 50 years without being seen. Although it seemed like a lot of time, it wasn't enough. After decades or even centuries since their previous observation, many species have been found again. For the first time in 170 years, the black-browed babbler, for instance, was just discovered in Borneo's jungles!
In fact, some recently found species had already been officially declared extinct, proving that extinction need not be permanent. These species are known as Lazarus species; for example, the Miles' robber frog was revived after being discovered in a cloud forest in Honduras in 2008.
Learn more about animal extinct here: https://brainly.com/question/25639929
#SPJ4
A cell containing only pure water is placed into a solution containing 1m sucrose. The cell's membrane is impermeable to water, sucrose, sodium ions and chloride ions. How could you make the cell isosmotic to the outside solution? choose all of the correct answers.
Correct option b and e ) Add NaCl to the inside of the cell until it contains 0.5M NaCl and Add sucrose to the cell until it contains 1M sucrose.
Two solutions are isotonic to each other if the have the same osmotic pressure.
Since the cell is impermeable to sucrose, sodium and chloride ion outside the cell, For the solution inside the cell to be isoosmotic to the solution outside the cell, same 1M of sucrose should be added to the solution inside the cell to balance osmotic pressure.
If osmolarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of moles per litre, also the addition of an ionic 0.5M Na+Cl- to the solution inside the cell will also balance the osmotic pressure.
0.5M if NaCl will dissociate and create an equivalent 1M osmotic pressure inside the cell.
Learn more about cell's membrane
https://brainly.com/question/13524386
#SPJ4
Full Question :A cell containing only pure water is placed into a solution containing 1M sucrose. The cell's membrane is impermeable to water, sucrose, sodium ions and chloride ions. How could you make the cell isosmotic to the outside solution? Choose all of the correct answers. a. Add NaCl to the inside of the cell until it contains 1M NaCl. b. Add NaCl to the inside of the cell until it contains 0.5M NaCl. c. Increase the number of sodium channels on the cell membrane. d. Increase the active transport of water out of the cell. e. Add sucrose to the cell until it contains 1M sucrose.
The attachment point on the chromosome for spindle microtubules is the: a.telomere. b.centromere. c.origin of replication. d.sister chromatid. e.allele.
b.centromere. The chromosomal region known as the centromere is where the kinetochore, the attachment site for spindle fibres, is created.
It is in charge of ensuring that chromosomes are properly segregated during cell division. Telomeres locate chromosomes in the cell nucleus and guard chromosomal ends from enzymatic fusions and destruction. For each linear chromosome to function properly, centromeres and telomeres are components that are essential to that process.
Most often, highly condensed heterochromatin areas are used to characterise telomeres and centromeres. Centromeres and telomeres, on the other hand, have a special epigenetic makeup because they have been found to contain both eu- and heterochromatin-specific epigenetic changes. The proper operation of both areas is made possible by this specificity, which affects chromosome homeostasis.
Learn more about chromosomes here:
https://brainly.com/question/30077641
#SPJ4
Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of__
a. cell differentiation.
b. morphogenesis.
c. cell division.
d. cell elongation.
Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation. Option A, C and D will be correct.
Cell differentiation refers to the process by which cells become specialized in their structure and function. In plants, different cells differentiate into various types of tissues and organs, such as leaves, stems, roots, and flowers, each with a specific function.
Cell division is the process by which a single cell will divides into two or more daughter cells. In plants, cell division plays a crucial role in growth by increasing the number of cells and tissues that make up the plant body.
Cell elongation refers to the process by which cells increase in length. In plants, cell elongation is a key factor in growth, as it allows the cells to become longer and contribute to the overall increase in size of the plant body. Overall, the growth of a plant body is the result of a complex interplay between these processes, which work together to produce the characteristic shape and size of the plant.
To know more about plant body here
brainly.com/question/29670990
#SPJ4
Which of the following plants produces seeds but not flowers? a Maize b Mint c Peepal d Pinus
Pinus is basically a gymnosperm which produces the seeds but does not produce flowers.
The correct option is option d.
Gymnosperms are basically categorized as the seed producing plants, but unlike the case of angiosperms, they produce seeds without the flowers or fruits. These plants basically develop on the surface of the scales or surface of leaves, or even at the end of stalks and form a cone-like structure.
Gymnosperms are the plants in which ovules are not found to be enclosed within an ovary wall, unlike what is seen in the case of angiosperms. It remains exposed before as well as after the fertilization and also before developing into seed. Pinus is a gymnosperm which bears na-ked seeds but not a flower.
To know more about gymnosperms here
https://brainly.com/question/17194627
#SPJ4
why can humans dissipate heat so well, compared to other animals?
More extensive cutaneous blood vessels than in any other animal can be found in humans.
How can animals get their body heat out?Water from the skin, tongue, and nose of land animals is frequently lost to evaporation into the atmosphere. Evaporation can serve as a cooling technique by removing heat. For instance, many mammals have the ability to improve evaporative cooling in response to elevated body temperatures by triggering systems like sweating and panting.
What are the deep pressure-sensing dermal sensory structures?The receptors in the epidermal layer of skin are known as Pacinian corpuscles. These really are mechanoreceptors that really can detect high-frequency vibrations and pressure.
To know more about blood vessels visit:
brainly.com/question/4601677
#SPJ4
Which factor of insect success results in the need for limited resources?Reproductive PotentialSmall SizeFlightMetamorphosis
Small Size and Flight of insect results in the need for limited resources.
What factors contribute to insects' success?
Insects are thought to be so successful because they are tiny, have an exoskeleton for protection, and can fly. They may disperse to different locations and flee from predators thanks to their small size and flight ability.
Metamorphosis is the process of an animal's body changing suddenly and repeatedly throughout its life cycle to transition from a larva to an adult. Frogs, butterflies, for instance, etc. There are four stages to a complete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The animal appears different at each step of complete transformation than it did at any other stage.
To learn more about Metamorphosis use link :
https://brainly.com/question/22048072
#SPJ1
why the plant obtains phosphorus and micronutrients from this beneficial symbiotic relationship?
Plants require nitrogen to produce a lot of leaves and a vibrant green colour. Plants use phosphorus to create new roots, seeds, fruit, and blooms. It is also used by plants to fight illness.
What advantages do micronutrients provide for plants?Micronutrients encourage crops to grow vigorously and steadily, which boosts yields and improves the quality of the harvest while optimising a plant's genetic potential. Their presence can have a significant effect on a variety of plant processes, including root development, fruit setting and grain filling, seed viability, and plant vigour and health.
How do plants get the nutrients phosphorous and nitrogen?The plant absorbs nitrogen, phosphate, and other minerals from the soil by mycorrhization, including zinc and copper. The fungus draws these nutrients from rotting matter.
To know more about Micronutrients visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/8492704
#SPJ4
What is the difference between serosanguinous and sanguineous?
serosanguineous (containing blood; may also be present in a healthy, healing wound)
sanguineous (primarily blood),
Fish eat different larvae found in the water. The fisherman eats the fish and the transfer of energy moves through the food chain. Where does the energy originate or begin?
Responses
A the fishthe fish
B the humanthe human
C the sunthe sun
D the larvae
Option A is Correct. The sun is the source of the energy. Snapper and grouper populations will decline as a result of the lionfish eating their different larvae.
The local fishermen will thus need to find alternative sources of income. The food chain get affected by invading species among themself. Each type of living thing has the potential to become invasive. It could be a kind of plant, a bug, a fish, a fungus, or a cane toad that resembles an amphibian.
Even non-native organisms that are harmful to ecosystems can leave behind seeds or eggs. The environment, human health, and the economy may all be harmed by these animals. Species that spread aggressively, develop swiftly, breed, and are given the label of "invasive" are considered to be such.
Learn more about Fish and larvae Visit: brainly.com/question/30853448
#SPJ4
Correct Question:
Fish eat different larvae found in the water. The fisherman eats the fish and the transfer of energy moves through the food chain. Where does the energy originate or begin? A) the sun B) the fish C) the larvae D) the human.
a compound machine is a combination of two or more. true or false?
A compound machine is one that is composed of many fundamental machines. Compound machines like a wheelbarrow or corkscrew solely consist of simple machines.
What does a compounding device actually do?A compound machine is one that is composed of many fundamental machines. Compound machines like a wheelbarrow or corkscrew solely consist of simple machines. Large compound devices like autos are composed of several simple machines.
What kinds of machines fall under the compound category?A machine made up of two or more basic machines is referred to as a compound machine. Compound machines include tools like clippers, a manual pencil sharpener, cranes, and bulldozers.
To know more about compound machine visit:
https://brainly.com/question/10905636
#SPJ4
What are the 2 stages of the cell cycle explain each?
What three phases make up interphase?
What happens at the DNA synthesis phase?
Why is the DNA synthesis stage important?
Answer: The cell cycle is the series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides into two daughter cells. It is divided into two stages: Interphase and the Mitotic phase.
Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell grows and replicates its DNA. It is divided into three phases:
G1 phase - the cell grows and performs its normal functions.
S phase (DNA Synthesis) - the cell replicates its DNA.
G2 phase - the cell continues to grow and checks for DNA damage before moving on to the next stage of the cell cycle.
DNA Synthesis phase (S phase) is the stage in which the cell replicates its DNA, preparing for cell division. During this phase, the cell's DNA is replicated to create a complete set of chromosomes for each of the daughter cells.
The DNA synthesis stage is important because it ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. This allows the daughter cells to function normally and ensures the continuation of the species. If DNA replication is not accurately completed, the daughter cells may be damaged, leading to mutations and potentially harmful effects on the organism.
Explanation:
A burn caused by boiling water causes proteins inside your cells to lose their functions. Explain why the high temperature causes this to happen. a. The increased temperature disrupts covalent bonds such as peptide bonds which causes the proteins to lose their primary structures and abilities to catalyze reactions.
b. The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding which causes the proteins to lose their primary structures and abilities to catalyze reactions. c. The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules. d. The increased temperature disrupts covalent bonds such as peptide bonds which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules.
c.The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding, which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules.
Protein molecules receive kinetic energy from heat or ultraviolet light, which causes their atoms to vibrate more quickly and displaces the hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces, which are rather weak.
When a protein solution is heated to a boiling point, the protein frequently denatures, becoming insoluble and remaining so long after cooling. An example of irreversible denaturation is the heat-induced denaturation of egg white proteins, which occurs while cooking an egg. The native, or original, protein and its denatured counterpart share the same basic structure. However, the tertiary structure of the protein is destroyed at high temperatures due to the disruption of the weak forces between charged groups and the weaker forces of mutual attraction of nonpolar groups.
Learn more about proteins here:
https://brainly.com/question/29776206
#SPJ4