The Hardy-Weinberg principle is founded on a number of assumptions, including a huge population and the absence of natural selection. No selection, no gene flow, no random mating, no new mutations, and so on.
The formula p²+2pq+q²=1 may be used to get the allelic frequency. The shift in the frequency of allel inside a population over time is referred to as genetic drift. As genetic drift to occur, this change in allel frequency must be random. Population size influences the amount of alleles present in a population. Small population numbers introduce unpredictable features such as genetic drift. Fixation of alleles or genotypes in a population is caused by genetic drift.
As a result, the Hardy-Weinberg principle of no genetic drift requires a high or infinite population size. In the absence of additional evolutionary forces, the Hardy-Weinberg principle, also characterized as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, and rule in population genetics, maintains that allele & genotype frequencies in a population would stay constant from generation to generation.
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if we cross an ultramel snake that is homozygous at both loci to a lavender albino that is homozygous at both loci, what fraction of the f1 offspring will have wildtype pigmentation?
The fraction of the F1 offspring with wildtype pigmentation would be 100%.
The cross between an ultramel snake that is homozygous at both loci (UUAA) and a lavender albino that is homozygous at both loci (uuaa) would result in the following cross: UUAA x uuaa
In this cross, all of the F1 offspring would be heterozygous at both loci (Uuaa), and would have the following genotype for pigmentation:
U: dominant allele for normal pigmentation
u: recessive allele for albinism
A: dominant allele for normal coloration
a: recessive allele for hypo-pigmentation
Since U is dominant over u, the F1 offspring will have normal pigmentation and will not be albinos. Similarly, since A is dominant over a, the F1 offspring will have normal coloration and will not display hypo-pigmentation. Therefore, all of the F1 offspring will have wildtype pigmentation.
In conclusion, the fraction of the F1 offspring with wildtype pigmentation would be 100%.
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what type of interaction is found between gots when they struggle for grass?
Answer:
The
Explanation:
Mon......,.........
Answer:
i don't know yet cox I didn't learn anything yet
what happens if the groundhog doesn t see his shadow
Which of these choices is not one of the characteristics that supports the hypothesis that land plants evolved from green algae?
a. Green algae and land plants both live in freshwater habitats.
b. Green algae and land plant chloroplasts contain the photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and b and the accessory pigment β-carotene.
c. The cell walls, sperm, and peroxisomes of green algae and land plants are similar in structure and composition.
d. The chloroplasts of green algae and land plants synthesize starch as a storage product.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
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The choice that does not support the hypothesis is (a) "Green algae and land plants both live in freshwater habitats." While it is true that many green algae and land plants live in freshwater habitats, this characteristic alone does not provide evidence that they are closely related.
The origin of land plants has been a topic of scientific interest for many years. One hypothesis suggests that they evolved from green algae. To support this hypothesis, several characteristics have been identified that are shared between green algae and land plants. Three of the choices provided support this hypothesis, but one does not. In this explanation, we will examine these characteristics and identify the choice that does not support the hypothesis.
One characteristic that supports the hypothesis that land plants evolved from green algae is that both organisms contain the same photosynthetic pigments. Chlorophyll a and b are the primary pigments responsible for photosynthesis, and both green algae and land plants have them. Additionally, both contain the accessory pigment beta-carotene, which helps to capture light energy and transfer it to chlorophyll.
Another characteristic that supports the hypothesis is the similarity in structure and composition of their cell walls, sperm, and peroxisomes. Both green algae and land plants have cell walls made of cellulose and hemicellulose, and their sperm cells are similar in structure and function. Both also contain peroxisomes, organelles that play a role in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
A third characteristic that supports the hypothesis is the fact that both green algae and land plants synthesize starch as a storage product in their chloroplasts. This is an important feature because it allows both organisms to store energy for later use.
In conclusion, the characteristics that support the hypothesis that land plants evolved from green algae include the presence of the same photosynthetic pigments, the similarity in structure and composition of their cell walls, sperm, and peroxisomes, and the synthesis of starch as a storage product in their chloroplasts. The fact that they both live in freshwater habitats, however, does not provide evidence of their relationship.
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Please help for brainliest
The photo shows frog eggs at the edge of a pond.
Which two factors might keep some of the eggs from becoming adult frogs
that produce their own eggs?
Lack of sunlight and lack of water might keep some of the eggs from becoming adult frogs that produce their own eggs.
What are the characteristics of adult frogs?Adult frogs are characterized by long hind legs, a short body, webbed finger-like parts, and the lack of a tail. They also have a three-chambered heart, as do all tetrapods except birds and mammals.
As the frog develops into an adult, it will begin to eat insects rather than vegetation. It can take up to four years before the frog becomes fully mature. Once it is, the frog can then lay eggs or fertilize them, and the life cycle of a frog can start all over again!
First, they grow back legs, then front legs too! Soon after, their body starts to change shape, and they're able to start eating insects. Next, the tadpoles' tails shrink away, and skin grows over their gills, as they develop lungs and eardrums.
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Explain what a scientific theory is, and discuss whether or not a scientific theory can become a scientific law. help ASP
peptidoglycan is an important component of the cell walls of which microbes?
Answer: Peptidoglycan is an essential component of cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria with unknown architecture.
Explanation:
Answer:
most bacteria
Explanation:
what happened if your 2nd 3rd and 4th quadrants contained the same amount of bacteria as your 1st quadrant
The number of organisms falls when the initial sample is diluted by streaking it across subsequent quadrants.
By the third or fourth quadrant, just a few organisms had been transmitted on the inoculating loop, producing a few solitary colonies.
The Quadrant Method for Isolating Bacterial Colonies on a Streak Plate. By using simple mechanical separation, the streak-plate approach is intended to separate pure cultures of bacteria, or colonies, from mixed populations.
The bacteria are combined with melted agar in the pour plate method until they are equally disseminated and divided throughout the liquid. After that, the melted agar is poured into an empty plate and allowed to harden. Following incubation, distinct bacterial colonies may be detected growing both on and in the agar.
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Okay gang....world's easiest assignment! CREATE YOUR OWN MED TERM! It should NOT to be a real condition. You need to use at least ONE WORD ROOT FROM CHAPTER 12. The prefixes and suffixes we know are universal. It has to have three parts! a a prefix, word root, and suffix. DEFINE EACH WORD PART (there should be a minimum of three-word parts), THEN USE THE WORD PARTS TO DEFINE THE WORD.
ONE WORD ONLY!!
BE SURE TO GIVE ME THE DEFINITION OF THE WORD PARTS, AND A DEFINITION OF THE WORD!
BE CREATIVE!!
This is meant to be FUN!!
Here's an example of a made-up medical term using a prefix, word root, and suffix:
Prefix: Sub- Definition: Meaning "below," "under," or "beneath"Word Root: Arthro- Definition: Refers to a jointSuffix: -itis Definition: Suffix means inflammationWhat is the definition of the word parts?Sub-: prefix meaning "below," "under," or "beneath"
Arthro-: word root meaning "joint"
-itis: suffix meaning inflammation
The Medical Term coined is Subarthroitis
Subarthroitis is defined as a fictional medical condition that describes inflammation that occurs beneath or below a joint. It could manifest as inflammation of the tissues surrounding the joint or within the joint space itself.
Note that as instructed, this is NOT a real condition.
Medical terminology is used to precisely describe the components, processes, ailments, medical operations, and medicines of the human body. In the realm of medicine and clinical settings, medical words are employed.
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evolution by natural selection is a powerful force of change. what keeps populations from becoming perfectly adapted to their environment?
Answer:
Yeah, when it comes to populations perfectly adapting to their environment, there's going to be a couple of things that are preventing this from happening. So one is going to be a limited gene pool, so jean paul being the diversity within a population. So I think a lot of kind of small communities tend to get with one another. Or sometimes we have family members getting with family members, which is um something totally different. But we're going to be limited with the gene pool and the diversity that we have within population. So that's going to be one limitation. Another limitation, which is really big, is going to be the rate of reproduction. So this is a factor because how fast you can reproduce is going to um limit you on how you can adapt. Think of um let's say if humans were able to reproduce in one month and nine months we would have a way higher population where we could potentially adapt to it better. But because it takes you know, nine months for an organism such as a human to be produced, it's going to limit the ability to adapt to the environment a little bit this way too. Then when it comes to the production of anti freeze proteins within a fish that allows it to get these proteins so that they don't freeze up is going to be an example of adaption. So adaption scrolling down here, I'm going to abbreviate with adapt adoption is going to be where the organism fits into the environment. So again, if we are in a super warm environment, then we're going to see fish that are able to adapt to that. Or if we're in this case of freezing cold environment year round we're going to see things like the protein enzyme that allows them not to freeze so we're gonna put fit in for adoption. There's also another one that is a classmate. Now when we acclimated to something that means that we're adjusting to change now in the situation we're given there's no change because it's staying that cold water temperature all year round. It's not getting warmer to colder, it's remaining the same. So we know that it's not acclamation unless um let's say at the very beginning it used to be warm water then it went cold. That would be acclimated. But in this case it's not stating that another term we can come to is fitness trade off. I'm abbreviated just fitness. So fitness trade off is where a trait increases in its fitness at the expense of decreasing fitness in another trait. So this would be that it could get that trait of that protein enzyme so it doesn't freeze but then it loses a trait. So it's kind of like you get something but you have to lose something at the same time. Another one is genetic correlation. I'm going to abbreviate with G. C. For genetic correlation. So genetic correlation is going to be affecting two genes. Now in this case there is just one that protein enzyme showing the trait of not being able to freeze in that cold water. So we know that it wouldn't be this one either because it's involved with two genes. And then lastly, we have acquired characteristic I'm abbreviating that with A. C. So acquired characteristics is something that's non inheritable, meaning that we don't inherit it. This is something where, let's say um you build really strong legs so that you can run away from your prey. It's something that you get from being exposed in your environment that you get yourself individually and it's not something that you can pass on to your offspring. So in this case that leaves us with the adaption.
Natural selection is a powerful force of change, but it is not always able to produce perfect adaptations. The limited genetic variation, environmental change, trade-offs, and genetic constraints can all limit the ability of populations to adapt to their environment. Nonetheless, the constant interplay between selection pressures and genetic variation ensures that evolution continues to shape the diversity of life on Earth.
Evolution by natural selection is a powerful mechanism that drives the diversity of life on Earth. It involves the differential survival and reproduction of individuals within a population based on their heritable traits that confer a fitness advantage in a given environment. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, while disadvantageous traits become less frequent or disappear altogether.
However, despite the potency of natural selection, populations do not always become perfectly adapted to their environment. This is because there are several factors that can limit or prevent adaptation, including:
Limited genetic variation: Natural selection acts on the variation that already exists within a population, so if there is little genetic diversity, there may not be enough variation for natural selection to work with. This can be particularly problematic in small populations or those that have undergone a genetic bottleneck or founder effect.
Environmental change: The environment is not static, and changes can occur rapidly or slowly over time. If a population is perfectly adapted to its current environment, a sudden or gradual change in conditions can disrupt this equilibrium and create new selection pressures that the population may not be equipped to handle.
Trade-offs: Traits that are advantageous in one context may be disadvantageous in another. For example, a large body size may be beneficial for competing for resources, but it may also make an individual more vulnerable to predation. As a result, natural selection may favor an intermediate body size that balances these competing demands.
Genetic constraints: Some traits are more difficult or impossible to evolve due to genetic constraints. For example, it may be difficult to evolve a new organ or body structure that requires the simultaneous evolution of multiple genes and developmental pathways.
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what gene or chromosome is affected by cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is brought on by mutations in the CFTR gene. Chloride ions, which are negatively charged particles, are transported into and out of cells by a channel that is made by the CFTR gene.
Chloride is a part of sodium chloride, a common salt found in sweat. An inherited condition known as cystic fibrosis causes the body to produce excessive amounts of thick, sticky mucus, which can cause harm to numerous organs.
The disorder's most typical signs and symptoms include deteriorating respiratory system damage and ongoing digestive system issues. Individuals who are affected differ in terms of the disorder's characteristics and severity.
The childhood illness cystic fibrosis was once thought to be fatal. Many people with cystic fibrosis now live well into adulthood thanks to advancements in medical care and disease management. Adults with cystic fibrosis have issues with their digestive, reproductive, and respiratory systems.
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blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the celiac trunk. superior mesenteric vein. inferior mesenteric vein. intestinal vein. gastro-epiploic vein.
The breakdown of food into nutrients requires secretions from an inferior mesenteric vein. It drains blood from the lower portion of the large intestine.
The largest digestive organ in the lower gastrointestinal tract is the large intestine. It is divided into four sections and has an average length of about 5 feet: the rectum, anaI canal, cecum, and colon
The inferior mesenteric vein drains blood from the lower portion of the large intestine. Along with the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein, the inferior mesenteric vein drains to the portal vein. Before returning the blood to the heart, the blood travels through the portal vein from the digestive organs to the liver, where it is filtered and processed.
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true or false? the rate of sugar transport in a plant depends on the rate of photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration, and the difference in turgor pressure between the source and the sink.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
because you need to improve the habit of seeing book
according to some scientists, patterns of evolution can be illustrated by using diagrams like the one below. which statement best explains the patterns seen in this diagram?
According to some scientists, the patterns of evolution illustrated by this diagram show how different species evolve from a common ancestor over time.
The diagram shows how different species can split off from a single species and develop unique traits and characteristics. The diagram also shows how certain species can become extinct due to environmental changes or other factors.
Evolution is the process of change over time. It is the process by which different species develop from a common ancestor. Evolution occurs due to various factors, such as environmental changes, competition for resources, and genetic mutations.
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the cell wall of bacteria a. protects the cell. b. helps prevent the cell from bursting. c. all answers are correct. d. gives bacteria distinct shapes. e. may contain a capsule.
The cell wall of bacteria protects the cell, and prevent the cell from bursting, gives bacteria in distinct shapes and may contain a capsule. Option C is correct.
Protects the cell: The cell wall provides a protective barrier for the bacterial cell, helping to maintain its shape and prevent damage from the external environment.
Helps prevent the cell from bursting: The cell wall helps to regulate the internal pressure of the cell and prevent it from bursting due to osmotic stress.
Gives bacteria distinct shapes: The cell wall also gives bacteria their distinctive shapes, such as rod-shaped, spherical, or spiral.
May contain a capsule: Some bacteria also have a capsule, which is a layer of polysaccharides that surrounds the cell wall and provides an additional layer of protection. The capsule also helps the bacteria to evade the immune system and can contribute to virulence.
In summary, the cell wall of bacteria serves multiple functions, including protection, regulation of internal pressure, provision of shape, and potentially containment of a capsule.
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What is the purpose of ground
tissue?
A. to help the plant reproduce by attracting
pollinators
B. to transport water and nutrients
throughout the plant
C. to make and store food that supports the
plant
D. to protect the plant from water loss and
damage
Answer: Ground tissue makes up much of the interior of a plant and carries out basic metabolic functions. Ground tissue in stems provides support and may store food or water. Ground tissues in roots may also store food.
Explanation: Ground Tissue The ground tissue of the vascular plant is responsible for storing the carbohydrates produced by the plant. Ground tissue comprises the majority of a young plant and lies between the vascular and dermal tissues. The major cells of the ground tissue are parenchyma cells, which function in photosynthesis and nutrient storage.
Answer: to make and store food that supports the
plant
Explanation: Ground tissue makes up much of the interior of a plant and carries out basic metabolic functions.
If your genotype is Bb what type of trait would you express as phenotype?
A. Dominant
B. Recessive
C. Both dominant and recessive.
how do you think villi help nutrients move to the bloodstream?
Why do both autotrophs and heterotrophs need mitochondria?
To survive, organisms need a source of energy. There are two basic ways to obtain energy: synthesizing it (producing) or taking it from the environment (consuming). Organisms that are "producers" are called autotrophs, and "consumers" are heterotrophs. Autotrophs produce energy-bearing nutrients from simple molecules. They power this production from light energy (organisms that do this are called photo-autotrophs) or energy from other chemical reactions (in chemoautotrophs). Then, when the organisms need energy, they can consume the nutrients they synthesized. Heterotrophs cannot produce energy-bearing nutrients like autotrophs, so they have to get it from autotrophs (or other heterotrophs).
Autotrophs need mitochondria because it is the site where the cellular respiration process occurs. The respiration process is essential in the production of energy. As a result, autotrophs, being organisms that make their food, they require energy to do so.
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Assume that you have to work on a basic job description for hiring a veterinarian, veterinary technician, and veterinary assistant for a veterinary hospital that caters to farm animals. Create a compare/contrast chart of the three job titles and their duties.
A veterinarian helps to cure animals' health, the veterinary technician assists the veterinarian with medicine and surgery and the veterinary assistant assist during the animal surgery.
What is the job description in the veterinary field?In veterinary hospitals, such as finishing patient treatments, helping with surgery, and caring for other animals are needed.
Provide any necessary assistance to veterinarians in the areas of veterinary medicine and surgery, including Getting patient histories, weights, and vital signs.
Therefore, animal health is taken care of by veterinarians, who also seek to safeguard the public's health.
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is there evidence that species can actually adapt to (i.e., have a genetic basis for responding to) climate change? explain.
Yes, the recessive trait of long wings in British insects is an example of adaptations of species towards climate change.
Natural selection occurs and as a result of which only the animals which have characteristics suitable to thrive in their particular environment survive as well as reproduce whereas the ones which do not have traits that support survival are not able to survive.
In order to survive, grow and reproduce in a particular environment, animals exhibit adaptations which helps them to handle the environmental conditions. British insects, for example, possess a recessive trait for long wings which allows them to travel and this trait is not present when the conditions are suitable.
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at what level on axial images is the svc formed by the merger of the brachiocephalic veins? a. above the heart b. at the same level as the heart c. below the level of the heart d. it is not the brachiocephalic veins that merge to form the svc.
Axial images are the SVC formed by the merger of the brachiocephalic veins at b. at the same level as the heart.
The large and significant vein known as the superior vena cava (SVC) transports the body's deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. The superior and middle mediastinum contain it. The venous return of blood from structures above the diaphragm is handled by the superior vena cava.
At the level of the right atrium of the heart, the two brachiocephalic veins combine to form the superior vena cava (SVC). The SVC is a large vein that brings deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium of the heart from the upper body.
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Create a story about the 120 days of being a blood cell. Include all the parts of the cardiovascular system.
A red blood cell is produced in the bone marrow by the process of hematopoiesis and also matures in it after that it circulates to overall body parts.
What is the lifespan of red blood cells?This red blood cell has the function to carry oxygen and provide it to every part of the body, because of having hemoglobin.
Normally, red blood cells in healthy people circulate for around 120 days before being absorbed by macrophages.
Due to the fact that macrophages phagocytose around 5 million erythrocytes every second without significantly releasing hemoglobin into the bloodstream, this procedure is incredibly effective.
Therefore, the lifespan of red blood cells is 120 days.
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The second step in the gram staining procedure involves flooding the slide for one minute with:_________
The second step in the gram staining procedure involves flooding the slide for one minute with the safranin.
What is Gram staining?A gram stain is explained as a test that checks for bacteria in a suspected infection such as the throat, lungs, genitals, or skin lesions, which is also used to check for bacteria in certain body fluids such as blood or bacteria.
The Gram staining have four basic steps which are as follows:
Apply a primary stain that is crystal violet.Adding a stinger which is Gram's Iodine.Rapid bleaching with ethanol, acetone or a mixture of both.Counterstaining with Safranin.Thus, the second step in the gram staining procedure involves flooding the slide for one minute with the safranin.
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differentiate between Sahara desert and Ladakh desert
[tex] \underline {\large{\sf \purple{Sahara \: Desert:- }}}[/tex]
The Sahara is the largest and second hottest desert in the world.A large hot desert spanning across North Africa.The topography is plain with some plateaus.climent is scorching hot and parch dry[tex] \: [/tex]
[tex] \underline{\large{ \sf \pink{ Ladakh \: Desert:-}}}[/tex]
Ladakh is a cold desert in the Great Himalayas, on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir.Relatively smaller cold desert spanning across India and the Himalayas.Relatively high altitudes and deeper valleys – some with river.climent is extremely cold and dry[tex] \: [/tex]
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The differentiate between Sahara desert and Ladakh desert are :-
Explanation:★ The Sahara desert ★ The Sahara is the largest desert on the globe It covers approximately 8.54 million sq. km. The Sahara desert is found in 11 countries: Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. In the Sahara Desert, there are gravel plains and upland plateaus with bare rock surfaces. These rock surfaces can reach over 2500 m in height in certain areas.The climate of the Sahara desert is extreme, blazing, and arid. The rainy season is not long. The sky is clear without clouds. In this case, moisture evaporates more quickly than it accumulates. During the day, temperatures can rise to 50°C, warming the sand and bare rocks that in turn emit heat, making everything around warm. In the desert of the Sahara, the vegetation includes cactus, date palms, and acacia. Some places have oasis – green islands surrounded by date palms. Camels, hyenas, jackals, foxes, scorpions, numerous varieties of snakes, and lizards are the main animal species that live here.★ The Ladakh desert ★ The Ladakh is cool and dry desert lying in the Great Himalayas, on the eastern side of the Jammu and Kashmir. The Karakoram extend in the north and Zanskar mountain in the south enclose it.. The zone encounters solidifying winds and burning hot daylight in the meantime are the one of a kind element. The Flora-the vegetation is inadequate i.e. sparse grass, bushes for creature to munch. The Fauna-a few species of birds and animals are Robins,Redstarts, Raven,Hoope and wild goat, wild sheep, yak.What is cytolysis of red blood cells called?
The cytolysis of the red blood cells or the RBCs is known as hemolysis which is basically the destruction of the blood cells.
The cytolysis of the blood cells is known as hemolysis. Hemolysis is basically the rupturing or the lysis of the red blood cells or the RBCs or the erythrocytes which leads to the release of their cytoplasmic contents into the surrounding fluid, for example, the blood plasma. Hemolysis can either occur in vivo or it can occur in vitro.
One of the causes of hemolysis is the action of the hemolysins which are basically the toxins which are produced through a certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another reason is the intense physical exercise. Hemolysins happen to damage the red blood cell's cytoplasmic membrane, and cause lysis and eventually cause cell death.
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The most likely source of the Taq polymerase used in PCR is a bacterium that lives in ______.
Taq polymerase, named after the heat-tolerant bacterium from which it was isolated, is the most commonly used DNA polymerase in PCR (Thermus aquaticus).
T. aquaticus can be found near hot springs and hydrothermal vents. Taq polymerase, which is used in PCR, is derived from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus. This bacteria is capable of surviving at extremely high temperatures. Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase isolated from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus. Its primary function is to automate the repetitive step of amplifying specific DNA sequences in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
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if the trp operon from e. coli was cloned between a ubiquitous eukaryotic promoter and a strong eukaryotic transcriptional termination sequence, how would this operon function in a eukaryotic cell?
If trp operon from E.Coli is cloned between a ubiquitous eukaryotic promoter and a strong eukaryotic transcriptional termination sequence then it will get transcribed but the structural genes will not get translated.
Bacteria such as the Escherichia coli need amino acids in order to survive they also need to build proteins. One of the amino acids which they require is tryptophan. If tryptophan happens to be present in the environment, E. coli is able to take it up and use it and it can also make its own tryptophan by using enzymes that are encoded by five genes which are present in the trp operon.
When the trp operon is cloned between a ubiquitous eukaryotic promoter and a strong eukaryotic transcriptional termination sequence then we will observe that the entire trp operon will get transcribed but none of the structural genes of this trp operon will be able to get translated regardless of the level of tryptophan in the cell.
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the process in which water is lost from a plant through evaporation from the leaves is called?
Answer: Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants occurring at the leaves while their stomata are open for the passage of CO2 and O2 during photosynthesis.
Explanation:
If the diameter of a lens is reduced, what happens to the magnification produced by the lens?
When the diameter of a lens is reduced, the magnification produced by the lens decreases.
The diameter of a lens is directly proportional to the amount of light that can enter the lens and form an image. A larger lens diameter allows more light to enter, which results in a brighter and clearer image. On the other hand, a smaller lens diameter reduces the amount of light that enters, leading to a dimmer and less clear image.
In terms of magnification, a larger lens diameter can produce a higher magnification because it allows more light to form a larger and clearer image. Conversely, a smaller lens diameter produces a lower magnification because less light is available to form a smaller and less clear image.
Therefore, when the diameter of a lens is reduced, the magnification it produces decreases because there is less light entering the lens to form a larger and clearer image.
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