As a result, around 4% of persons in the United States are cystic fibrosis carriers.
What is cystic fibrosis?Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mainly the lungs, pancreas, and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a protein that regulates the flow of salt and fluids in and out of cells. In people with CF, the CFTR protein is either absent or malfunctioning, leading to thick, sticky mucus buildup in the airways and pancreas. This can cause a range of symptoms, including chronic lung infections, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and digestive problems such as difficulty digesting food and absorbing nutrients.
Here,
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation relates the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population, and can be used to predict the frequencies of carriers for a recessive disease like cystic fibrosis.
Let's use the following notation to represent the alleles for the cystic fibrosis gene:
Let p be the frequency of the normal (non-disease) allele.
Let q be the frequency of the disease allele.
Since cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease, individuals with two copies of the disease allele (qq genotype) will be affected, while individuals with one copy of the disease allele and one copy of the normal allele (pq genotype) will be carriers. Individuals with two copies of the normal allele (pp genotype) will not be affected and not be carriers.
According to the problem statement, the frequency of the q allele (the disease allele) is:
q = √(1/2500) = 0.02
The frequency of the p allele can be found by subtracting the frequency of the q allele from 1:
p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.02 = 0.98
Now, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the expected frequencies of the three genotypes:
p² = frequency of pp genotype (non-carriers)
2pq = frequency of pq genotype (carriers)
q² = frequency of qq genotype (affected)
The frequency of carriers (pq genotype) is:
2pq = 2 x 0.98 x 0.02 = 0.0392
To convert this to a percentage, we can multiply by 100 and round to the nearest whole number:
0.0392 x 100 ≈ 4
Therefore, approximately 4% of people in the United States are carriers for cystic fibrosis.
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A ___ square is a diagram that helps predict the
probable inheritance of alleles in different crosses.
Answer:
punnet square........
Answer:
The answer to your question is a Punnett square
Explanation:
A Punnett square is a graphical representation of the possible genotypes of an offspring arising from a particular cross or breeding event.
I hope this helps and have a wonderful day!
Cells in the ________ system are sometimes named for their color, or the color they become when stained.
a. circulatory
b. immune
c. respiratory
d. nervous
Answer:
B. Immune
Explanation:
Hope it helps:)
Cells in the immune system are sometimes named for their color, or the color they become when stained.
What is immune system?The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens. Immune cells are often classified based on their structure and function, and they are sometimes named for their color or the color they become when stained.
For example, lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system, can be divided into B cells and T cells based on the color they become when stained with certain dyes. B cells are named for their development in the bone marrow, and T cells are named for their development in the thymus gland. Other immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, are named for their morphology or function.
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QuestionAt rest the largest volume of blood is in theAArteriesBCapillariesCVeinsDArterioles.Medium
At rest the largest volume of blood is in Veins. option c)
The circulatory system consists of blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart which is done by arteries and carry towards the heart by the veins. The arteries carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and other body parts and veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues and other body parts to the heart for the purification of the impure blood.
Veins have largest lumen size as compared to arteries and arterioles and are known as capacitance vessels which are those vessels which can accomodate changes in the flow of the blood and can hold the most volume.
Arteries and arterioles contains blood under high pressure and therefore can not hold larger volume at rest. Arteries are tube-like vessels and the muscles inside them ensure your organs and tissues have the oxygen and nutrients they need to function. Arterioles are a very small blood vessel that branches off from your artery and carries blood away from your heart to your tissues and organs. Arterioles are small arteries that link up to capillaries, which are smaller yet.
Capillaries forms the link between the arteries and arterioles and transfer materials between blood and tissue fluids. They transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in your vascular system.
Therefore option (c) is correct.
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which of these reagents binds to protein to create a color change that you can measure?
The reagent binds to the protein to create a color change that we can measure as a Bradford reagent.
What is the Bradford reagent?The Brаdford reаgent is аn аcidified solution of Coomаssie G-250; the dye is thus primаrily protonаted аnd red. The bаsis for the аssаy is thаt in order for the Coomаssie dye to bind stаbly to protein, it needs to be doubly protonаted. When the dye comes in contаct with protein, the first electron is donаted to chаrged groups on the protein. This disrupts the structure of the protein, resulting in the exposure of hydrophobic pockets. The dye binds to these pockets, with the sulfonic аcid groups binding to positive аmines. In аddition, there is аttrаction due to Vаn der Wааls forces.
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which part of a neuron receives and conducts impulses?
A. Axon
B. Dendrites
C. Nucleus
D. Cyton
The part of a neuron that receives and conducts impulses is the dendrites.
Dendrites are thin, branch-like extensions that project from the neuron cell body or soma, and they serve as the main site for receiving signals from other neurons or sensory receptors.
When an electrical impulse or action potential reaches the dendrites, it triggers a chain reaction that leads to the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminals. These neurotransmitters then cross the synapse and bind to specific receptors on the dendrites or cell body of the receiving neuron, causing a new electrical impulse to be generated and propagated along the axon.
The axon, on the other hand, is a long, slender extension that carries the electrical impulses away from the neuron cell body, towards other neurons or muscle cells. The cyton, or cell body, contains the nucleus and other cellular machinery needed for the neuron to function and maintain its structure.
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REPOST ANSWER FAST PLEASE need help with this question
The steps of the Calvin cycle into the correct order from top to bottom include:
D) Six carbon dioxide molecules combine with six 5-carbon molecules of RuBP to form twelve 3-carbon molecules of 3-PGA.
B) Rubisco converts ten G3P molecules into 5-carbon molecules of RuBP.
C) The chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH is transferred to the 3-PGA molecules to form twelve G3P molecules.
A) Two G3P molecules leave the cycle to be used for the production of glucose and other organic molecules.
What is the Calvin cycle?A sequence of chemical processes known as the Calvin cycle, also known as the biosynthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis, transform carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier molecules into glucose.
The C3 cycle is another name for the Calvin cycle. The process through which sugars are formed out of the carbon from the carbon cycle.
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Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy in living organisms?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Amino Acids
The majority of the energy in living organisms comes from the following biological component: Carbohydrates
Which foods contain a lot of carbohydrates?Sugar molecules make up carbohydrates, or carbs. Carbohydrates are among the three primary nutrients included in foods and beverages, together with proteins and fats. Glucose is created by your body's breakdown of carbs. The primary source of energy for the cells, tissues, including organs in your body is glucose, sometimes known as blood sugar.
Which five advantages do carbohydrates offer?Carbohydrates inside the human body have five basic functions. They carry out tasks like as generating energy, storing energy, constructing macromolecules, consuming protein, and promoting lipid metabolism.
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Need ASAPWhich of these adaptations would be most useful to an animal living in the bathyal zone?
A
The ability to digest large plants
B
The ability to make food from sunlight
C
Extra-large eyes to see in the dark
D
Silver skin that reflects heat
Answer:
C
Extra-large eyes to see in the dark
Explanation:
The bathyal zone is the part of the ocean that lies between the mesopelagic zone and the abyssal zone, typically between depths of 200 and 4,000 meters. This zone is characterized by complete darkness, low temperatures, and high water pressure. In such an environment, the ability to make food from sunlight, such as photosynthesis (option B), is not useful, as there is no light available to support this process. Similarly, the ability to digest large plants (option A) is also not useful, as there are few large plants in this zone. Silver skin that reflects heat (option D) is not necessary, as temperature regulation is not a major concern in the bathyal zone. Therefore, the most useful adaptation for an animal living in the bathyal zone would be extra-large eyes to see in the dark (option C). This would enable the animal to detect and avoid predators, find prey, and navigate through the darkness.
Please can someone help me?
Answer:
Explanation:
23. C
24. A
What Can Some Gram Positive Bacteria Do In Response To Harsh And Nutrient Limited Environments? A. Form An Endospore B. Form Cell Walls C. Self-Destruct D. Grow Flagella
In response to a harsh as well as nutrient limited environment, some gram positive bacteria form endospore.
The correct option is option A.
An endospore is basically a dormant, tough, as well as a non-reproductive structure which is produced by certain bacteria. The formation of endospore is commonly triggered by a lack of nutrients and this usually occurs in the case of Gram-positive bacteria. During the process of endospore formation, the bacterium basically divides within its own cell wall.
One side of it then engulfs the other. Endospores allows the bacteria to the lie dormant for long periods of time. When the environment gets more favorable, the endospore is able to reactivate itself to the vegetative state.
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HELP ASP ASP ASP ASP
The graph for the relation between age range and percentage of people having CF has been attached at the bottom.
What is a graph?A graph is a graphical representation of the relationship between two or more sets of numbers or measurements. It consists of a set of vertices or nodes, which can be thought of as points, and a set of edges, which represent the connections between those points. Each edge connects two vertices and can be either directed (pointing in a specific direction) or undirected (not pointing in any specific direction). Graphs can be used to model a variety of real-world scenarios, such as social networks, transportation systems, and computer networks. They are an important tool in computer science and are used in a wide range of applications, including search algorithms, data mining, and machine learning.
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neurons communicate with each other through the use of chemical messengers called
a. neurilemmas. b. somas. c. leukocytes. d. neurotransmitters.
Neurons communicate with each other through the use of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
What are neurons and what do they do?
The basic building blocks of the brain and nervous system are neurons (also known as neurones or nerve cells). Neurons are the cells that receive sensory information from the outside world, give motor commands to our muscles, and transform and relay electrical signals at each stage along the way.
Your body cannot function without chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. They are responsible for transporting chemical "messages" from one neuron (nerve cell) to the subsequent target cell. The following target cell may be a gland, muscle, or another nerve cell.
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of the four supergroups of eukaryotes, which one contains fungi, animals, and slime molds?
The Opisthokonta supergroup is made up of slime molds, mammals, and fungi.
One of the four main subgroups of eukaryotes, along with the Archaeplastida, SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizarians), and Excavata supergroups, is the Opisthokonta supergroup. A wide variety of creatures, including fungi, mammals, and unicellular protists like choanoflagellates, are members of the Opisthokonta supergroup (including humans). Slime mold categorization can fall within either the Opisthokonta supergroup or the Amoebozoa supergroup, according to the classification system being employed. One of the largest groupings of eukaryotes, the Opisthokonta supergroup encompasses a wide variety of species, such as single-celled protists, fungi, and mammals (including humans).
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blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
True, Precapillary sphincters, which regulate blood flow through capillaries, open or close in response to the needs of the cells they supply.
What regulates the blood flow to capillaries?The ventricles pump blood into huge elastic arteries, which constantly divide into smaller and smaller arteries until they become tiny arteries known as arterioles. Arterioles are crucial in controlling blood flow to tissue capillaries.
What controls the flow of blood via a capillary?A smooth muscle structure termed a precapillary sphincter, which is found at the arterial end of the capillary, regulates blood flow into capillaries by closing or opening capillaries by contracting or relaxing. The demands of the cells receiving capillary supplies are met by the precapillary sphincter.
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Question:-
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by a precapillary sphincter, which opens or closes due to the requirements of the cells the capillary supplies. true/false?
food is moved through the gi tract by muscular waves called?
The muscular contractions known as peristalsis are used to transport food through the digestive tract.
Your digestive tract goes through a form of uncontrollable muscular activity called peristalsis. When you swallow, the process starts in your throat and continues as food and liquids move through your gastrointestinal tract. Nerves cause the muscles to contract in a sequence of waves when food or liquids reach your GI tract.
These natural muscular contractions transport food and liquids forward until they reach your anus or urethra, where they depart. Because peristalsis involves the constant contraction and relaxation of muscles to propel food forward, these movements are frequently referred to as wave-like.
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For Habitats and ecosystems homework
Answer:a river
Explanation:
River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic physical and chemical interactions of its many parts
ATP stands for ______ triphosphate, which is a molecule that powers many cellular reactions.A. IsotonicB. AlkalineC.HypertonicD. Acidic
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a chemical that fuels numerous biological processes.
Adenine, the sugar ribose, as well as the triphosphate are the three elements that make up ATP from the standpoint of biochemistry, which is why it is referred to as a nucleoside triphosphate. Adenosine triphosphate is referred to as ATP. It is created when ADP and Pi are phosphorylated. Because it gives the cell energy and serves as the primary form of energy money in all organisms, ATP is referred to as the currency of the cell. When food molecules are broken down, chemical energy is released that is captured by ATP and used to power other cellular operations.
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What can we then say about the relative age of fossils A, B, C, E, and F based only on fossils D? How?
Fossil D can only be used to determine the relative age of fossils A, B, C, E, and F if it is known which fossil is older and which is younger.
What is fossils ?
Fossils are the remains of plants or animals that have been preserved in the earth’s sedimentary layers. They can be found in many different forms, such as bones, shells, tracks, and even impressions. Fossils are important to scientists, as they provide valuable information about the history of life on Earth and the evolution of species. Fossils can range in age from thousands to millions of years old. The study of fossils is known as paleontology, and it provides a look into the past that cannot be found in any other way. Fossils can be found all over the world, and they have been used to help us understand the evolution of the environment and the plants and animals that inhabit it.
For example, if fossil D is known to be older than fossil E, then we can conclude that fossil A, B, C, and F are all younger than fossil D and fossil E. Similarly, if fossil D is known to be younger than fossil C, then we can conclude that fossil A, B, E, and F are all older than fossil D and fossil C. Therefore, the relative age of fossils A, B, C, E, and F can only be determined if the relative age of fossil D is known.
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A burn caused by boiling water causes proteins inside your cells to lose their functions. Explain why the high temperature causes this to happen.A. The increased temperature disrupts covalent bonds such as peptide bonds which causes the proteins to lose their primary structures and abilities to catalyze reactions.B. The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding which causes the proteins to lose their primary structures and abilities to catalyze reactions.C. The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules.D. The increased temperature disrupts covalent bonds such as peptide bonds which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules.
Option B. The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules.
The increased temperature disrupts weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding which causes the proteins to lose their tertiary structures and abilities to bind specific molecules.
High temperature can cause proteins to denature, or lose their three-dimensional structure, due to the disruption of weak interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. This disruption can cause the protein to lose its ability to bind to specific molecules, which can affect its function. Covalent bonds, such as peptide bonds, are stronger and require even higher temperatures to be disrupted. The loss of protein function can lead to a range of cellular and physiological effects, including tissue damage and cell death, as seen in burns caused by boiling water.
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scientists use which fact as evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts had prokaryotic origins?
The DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts is distinct and less complex than the DNA found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The DNA of these organelles is similar to that of prokaryotic cells.
What precisely is DNA?The molecule that transmits the genetic material required for an organism to develop and function is deoxyribonucleic acid, generally known as DNA. DNA is made up of two linked strands which loop around each other and form a twisted ladder, forming a double helix.
What components makes up DNA?DNA is made up of a group of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous bases, a sugar component, and a phosphate group. The nitrogen compounds adenine (A), pyrimidines (T), guanine (G), and nucleotides (C) can be found in DNA (C). A human genome contains billions of DNA molecules.
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What is golden lemon strain?
Answer:
brainliest plss!
Explanation:
Golden Lemon is a 60/40 indica-dominant strain, boasting a distinctly citrus and herbal aroma. With a THC content level hovering around 20-23% (with some tests placing that percentage even higher), it's a great match for consumers who appreciate a potent high
Both a father and mother have type O blood. What will be the likely phenotypic ratio of their children? (PLS ANSWER)
0:4
1:2:1
1:1
3:1
If both parents have type O blood, they both must have two recessive alleles for blood type (i.e., they are homozygous for the recessive allele "o"). Therefore, all of their children will inherit one recessive "o" allele from each parent. The likely phenotypic ratio of their children would be 1:1 for blood type, with all children having type O blood.
Answer:
1:1 thats the answer
Explanation:
Although the scientific method is used by most of the sciences, it can also be applied to everyday situations. Think about a problem that you may have at home, at school, or with your car, and apply the scientific method to solve it.
The scientific method is crucial because: It follows a set of rules. Scientists conduct experiments in a standardised manner because the methods utilised in the scientific method are systematic.
Can you apply or make use of the scientific approach in your daily life?For instance, a burned-out light bulb may only need to be replaced. Because there are so many possible reasons why a light bulb can stop operating, a light bulb that only occasionally operates is a far better candidate for the scientific method.
Which of the following best illustrates how science is used in everyday life?An illustration of applied science is when a doctor gives a patient a medication to lower their cholesterol. Applied science creates new technologies based on basic research.
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In the light-dependent stage, what is the reactant?
which type of aquaculture involves a standing water system in which fish are raised to maturity then harvested?
A. recirculating system
B. bag or rack system
C.raceways
D.ponds
The correct answer is D. ponds.
Pond aquaculture involves raising fish in standing water systems that are usually larger than tanks and raceways. Fish are stocked in ponds and allowed to grow to maturity, after which they are harvested. Ponds can be made of various sizes and shapes, and they can be used to raise a variety of fish species, including catfish, tilapia, and trout. Pond aquaculture is a popular method of fish farming in many parts of the world, particularly in areas with suitable climate and access to water resources.
During food processing some natural nutrients can be lost. Through the following process, these nutrients can be added back. An example would be B Vitamins in bread.Question 4 options:FortifiedEnrichmentPasteurization
The body needs the nutrients that are lost during cooking to function properly, so they must be put back. Enrichment is the method used to reintroduce the nutrients.
What exactly does enrichment entail?The enrichment process is the method of reintroducing nutrients to processed food to make it enriched. They are the reintroduction of the food's original nutrients. The two are not the same as fortification.
To increase the shelf life of food goods and eradicate any microbiological growth, pasteurisation is the process of adding heat to the product. Consumable food quickly deteriorates and decays. Fortification is the process of adding nutrients to food that weren't present naturally in order to increase its nutritional worth.
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What was Kettlewell and Haldane study of moths?
The Kettlewell and Haldane case study is a well-known example of industrial melanism in moths. The concept of industrial melanism occurs when a population of an organism acquires dark colorations to better fit in with the surroundings.
Kettlewell and Haldane did their research in the 1950s in England. They investigated the peppered moth, a type of insect with two colour morphs - a bright and a dark version. The light variant of the moth predominated in England. But, when industrial pollution increased in some regions, the black variety of the moth became more widespread.
Kettlewell and Haldane conducted a series of tests to evaluate the notion that the moths' black colour was caused by natural selection. They released bright and dark coloured moths into a contaminated environment in the first experiment. The black moths were found to be more likely to survive than the light ones. They released light and dark moths into an unpolluted region in the second trial. The light moths were more likely to survive this time.
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Which is the best prediction about the cell structures of muscle cells
The cell structure that produces energy is the mitochondrion. In this manner, the best expectation is that muscle cells contain an enormous number of mitochondria to give more energy. The correct answer is (B).
Skeletal muscle filaments are long, multinucleated cells. The layer of the cell is the sarcolemma; the cytoplasm of the cell is the sarcoplasm. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a type of endoplasmic reticulum. Muscle filaments are made out of myofibrils which are made out of sarcomeres connected in series.
Each strand is comprised of sub-units called "sarcomeres." These sarcomeres contain the "constriction proteins" called actin and myosin. The synthetic collaborations of these two proteins are answerable for the capacities of the muscle to contract (abbreviate), unwind and deliver force (important to move the body or articles).
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Q- Which is the best prediction about the cell structures of muscle cells?
A. Muscle cells have a large volume of cytoplasm so that the cell can easily change shape.
B. Muscle cells contain a large number of mitochondria in order to provide more energy.
C. Muscle cells do not have nuclei because they do not need to produce proteins.
D. Muscle cells are surrounded by cell walls so that they are strong enough to move bones.
What are the colors of a plant cell?
Answer:
There are 11 Plant cell colors.
Explanation:
1. Light Blue - Cytoplasm
2. Light Purple - Nucleus
3. Dark Purple - Nucleolus
4. Pink - Mitochondria
5. Orange - Golgi Apparatus
6. Light Green - Chloroplasts
7. Black - Ribosome
8. Grey - Vacuole
9. Blue - Cell Membrane
10. Dark Green - Cell Wall
11. Red - Endoplasmic Reticulum
which baltimore classification groups are considered retroviruses? Class I: Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses.Class II: Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses.Class III: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses.Class IV: Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses.Class V: Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses.Class VI: positive-sense ssRNA reverse transcriptase viruses.Class VII: Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse transcriptase viruses.
The Baltimore classification system classified retroviruses into Class VI: positive-sense ssRNA reverse transcriptase
Retrovirus group according to Baltimore classification systemRetroviruses are a type of RNA virus that uses a reverse transcriptase enzyme to convert their RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell's genome.
Retroviruses are classified as ClassVI viruses according to the Baltimore classification system.
Class VI viruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate via a DNA intermediate using the reverse transcriptase enzyme. In addition to retroviruses, Class VI also includes other viruses such as hepadnaviruses (e.g. hepatitis B virus) and caulimoviruses (plant viruses).
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