Answer:
The answer is "Spending".
Explanation:
A(n) variance in spending happens whenever management spends a quantity other than the standard cost of the products to be acquired.
The difference in expenditure is the gap between the real level as well as the expected amount (or budget) of spending. Overhead costs often include fixed costs, e.g. operating expenses.
The declaration, record, and payment dates in connection with a cash dividend of $54,000 on a corporation's common stock are October 1, November 7, and December 15.
Journalize the entries required on each date. If no entry is required, choose "No Entry Required" and leave the amount boxes blank. If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Answer:
October 1
Dr Cash Dividend $54,000
Cr Dividend payable $54,000
November 7
No entry
December 15
Dr Dividend payable $54,000
Cr Cash $54,000
Explanation:
Preparation of the amount journal entries
October 1
Dr Cash $54,000
Cr Dividend payable $54,000
November 7
No entry
December 15
Dr Dividend payable $54,000
Cr Cash $54,000
a. After the magazine The Economist publishes an article indicating that analysts expect the value of Tunisian dinars to rise relative to Peruvian sol, Peru's currency will
Answer: Depreciate
Explanation:
The Economist is a widely respected financial and economic magazine which means that their articles can cause movements in the market especially when backed up by analysts.
The Economist believes that the Tunisian Dinar will rise relative to the Peruvian Sol, this means that the Peruvian Sol will depreciate against the Tunisian Diner. Some people and entities holding Peruvian Sol assets will try to offload it so that they do not suffer losses.
This increase in supply and reduction in demand for the Peruvian Sol will lead to it depreciating.
Blake Company purchased two identical inventory items. The item purchased first cost $34.00, and the item purchased second cost $35.00. Blake sold one of the items for $64.00. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The dollar amount assigned to ending inventory will be the same no matter which cost flow method is used.
B. Gross margin will be higher if Blake uses LIFO than it would be if FIFO were used.
C. Ending inventory will be lower if Blake uses weighted average than if FIFO were used.
D. Cost of goods sold will be higher if Blake uses FIFO than if weighted average were used.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
LIFO means last in first out. It means that it is the last purchased inventory that is the first to be sold.
FIFO means first in, first out. It means that it is the first purchased inventory that is the first to be sold
Weighted average is the average cost of the inventories bought over a period
If FIFO is used, ending inventory would be $35.
If weighted average is used , ending inventory = (34 +35) / 2 = $34.50
Thus, ending inventory will be lower if Blake uses weighted average than if FIFO were used
Gross margin = gross profit / revenue
If FIFO was used . gross margin = (64 - 34) / 64 = 0.469
If LIFO was used . gross margin = (64 - 35) / 64 = 0.453
Gross margin will be lower if Blake uses LIFO than it would be if FIFO were used.
Mark Turney owns Creative Corners. He does his banking at United Federal Bank (UFB) in Tucson, Arizona. The amounts in his general ledger for payroll taxes and the employee's withholding of Social Security, Medicare, and federal income tax as of April 15 of the current year show the following: Social Security tax payable (employer and employee), $3,020; Medicare tax payable (employer and employee), $734; FUTA tax payable, $84; SUTA tax payable, $414; and Employees income tax payable, $4,622. Journalize the payment of the Form 941 deposit to UFB and the payment of the SUTA tax to the State of Arizona as of April 15, 20--.
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entries are shown below
On 15-Apr
FICA social Security tax payable Dr. $3,020
FICA medicare tax payable Dr. $734
Federal Income tax payableDr. $4,622
To Cash account $8,376
(Being cash paid)
on 15-Apr
State Unemployment tax payable Dr.$414
to Cash account $414
(being cash paid)
On 15-Apr
Federal Unemployment tax payable Dr. $84
To Cash account $84
(being cash paid is recorded)
Suppose most people regard emeralds, rubies, and sapphires as close substitutes for diamonds. Then DeBeers, a large diamond company, has a. less incentive to advertise than it would otherwise have. b. more control over the price of diamonds than it would otherwise have. c. less market power than it would otherwise have. d. higher profits than it would otherwise have.
Answer: less market power than it would otherwise have.
Explanation:
Following the information given that most people regard emeralds, rubies, and sapphires as close substitutes for diamonds, then it can be infered that DeBeers, a large diamond company, will have less market power than it would otherwise have.
Since the company has less market power due to other substitutes in the market, there'll be less ability for the company to fix price since customers can easily move to other products and purchase them.
Pinewood Company purchased two buildings on four acres of land. The lump-sum purchase price was $1,300,000. According to independent appraisals, the fair values were $630,000 (building A) and $280,000 (building B) for the buildings and $490,000 for the land. Required: Determine the initial valuation of the buildings and the land.
Answer:
Pinewood Company
Initial valuation of the buildings and the land are:
Building A = $585,000
Building B = $260,000
Land = $455,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Purchase price of buildings and land = $1,300,000
Fair values of:
Building A = $630,000
Building B = $280,000
Land = $490,000
Total fair value = $1,400,000
Initial valuation of the buildings and the land are:
Building A = $630,000/$1,400,000 * $1,300,000 = $585,000
Building B = $280,000/$1,400,000 * $1,300,000 = $260,000
Land = $490,000/$1,400,000 * $1,300,000 = $455,000
Total fair value = $1,300,000
XYZ Company has a variable cost ratio of 40%, fixed expenses of $200,000, and desires to earn operating income of $100,000. Total sales revenue required to achieve XYZ Company's desired operating income is:
Answer:
Sales revenue = $500,000
Explanation:
Below is the calculation:
Formula for variable cost ratio = Total variable expenses (Total variable cost) / Net Sales = 40%
40% = Total variable cost / Net Sales
Total variable cost = 0.40 Net sales
Operating income = Total revenue - fixed cost - variable cost
100,000 = Total revenue - 200,000 - 0.40 total revenue
300,000 = 0.60 total revenue
Total Revenue = 300,000/ 0.6
Sales revenue = $500,000
Work in process inventory, September 1 (2,000 units, 100% complete with respect todirect materials, 80% complete with respect to direct labor and overhead; includes$45,000 of direct material cost, $25,600 in direct labor cost, $30,720 overhead cost) $ 101,320 Units started in April 28,000 Units completed and transferred to finished goods inventory 23,000 Work in process inventory, September 30 (? units, 100% complete with respect to direct materials, 40% complete with respect to direct labor and overhead) ? Costs incurred in September Direct materials $ 375,000 Conversion $ 341,000Required:Compute each of the following, assuming Hi-Test uses the weighted-average method of process costing.(Round "Cost per EUP" to 2 decimal places.)1. The number of physical units that were transferred out and the number that are in ending work in process inventory.2&3. The number of equivalent units for materials and conversion for the month.4&5. The cost per equivalent unit of materials and conversion for the month6. The total cost of goods transferred out.7. The total cost of ending work in process inventory.
Answer:
1. Number of physical units transferred out = 23,000 units
Number of units in ending work in process = 7,000 units
2. The number of equivalent units for materials = 30,000 units
3. The number of equivalent units for conversion = 25,800 units
4. The cost per equivalent units for materials = $14.00
5. The cost per equivalent units for conversion = $15.40
6. The total cost of goods transferred out = $676,200
7. The total cost of ending work in process inventory = $141,120
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Units Materials Conversion Total
Work in process inventory,
September 1 2,000 100% 80%
Cost of beginning WIP $45,000 $56,320 $101,320
Cost during April 375,000 341,000 716,000
Total production costs $420,000 $397,320 $817,320
Units started in April 28,000
Total units in process 30,000 (2,000 + 28,000)
Units transferred out 23,000 23,000 23,000
Ending WIP, Sept. 30 7,000 7,000 (100%) 2,800 (40%)
Total equivalent units 30,000 25,800
Cost per EUP $14.00 ($420,000/30,000) $15.40 ($397,320/25,800)
Cost of goods transferred out $322,000 $354,200 $676,200
($14.00 * 23,000) ($15.40 * 23,000)
Cost of ending WIP $98,000 $43,120 $141,120
($14.00 * 7,000) ($15.40 * 2,800)
Total costs accounted for $420,000 $397,320 $817,320
You run a hospital with 100 rooms. Fixed daily cost is $935.00 which includes staff salary, property charges, maintenance etc. Variable cost per room is $10.00 which includes cleaning, equipment rentals, utility cost etc. which is incurred only when the room is full. You charge $77.00 per room per day. You sold 40.00 rooms today, how much profit/loss did you earn for today.
Answer: $1,745
Explanation:
Profit ( loss) = Sales - Fixed costs - Variable costs
Sales = Rate per room * number of rooms rented
= 77 * 40
= $3,080
Variable costs = 40 * 10 per room
= $400
Profit (loss) = 3,080 - 935 - 400
= $1,745
The Fed threw a lot of money at the financial crisis in 2008 to unfreeze credit markets and encourage economic activity. As part of its effort to keep the interest rateâ low, the Fed purchased government bonds worthâ $300 billion between March and September 2009. Byâ October, the Fed heldâ $770 billion in governmentâ securities, nearly double itsâ pre-crisis total. Before theâ crisis, the Fed held mainly governmentâ securities, which it used to control the quantity of money in the economy. Now government securities make up justâ 35% of theâ Fed's balance sheet.
Required:
If the Fed purchased the government securities on the openâ market, explain why the purchase ofâ $300 billion of government securities would influence the interest rate.
Answer:
The actions of the Fed in 2009 are consistent with an expansionary monetary policy and this policy reduces or keeps interest rates low.
When the Fed bought that many government securities, they flooded the economy with $300 billion in cash. This cash would make its way into the pockets of people and into their bank accounts as savings.
With that many savings, banks would have much more money to loan out to people and as a result of this increase in the supply of loanable funds, interest would fall in order to entice people to borrow more of these excess funds.
Decrease in money demand shifts the (IS/LM ) curve to the _____________ and leads to a ________________ in Y and ______________ in r.
Answer:
LM curve will shift left and lead to decrease in Y and increase in r.
Explanation:
When money demand decreases, it will cause LM curve to shift up to the left. There will be decrease in Fed which causes decrease in money supply. The upward shift of LM curve will lower the income and raise interest rates.
An organizational structure is Multiple Choice the arrangement or relationship of positions within an organization. based on the company's shared beliefs and values. usually not seen in government and nonprofit organizations. only applicable to formal organizations. fixed, even if the company grows in size.
Answer:
the arrangement or relationship of positions within an organization.
Explanation:
The organizational structure corresponds to the arrangement or relationship of positions within an organization, that is, the structure refers to the company's structure by department, position and function, which makes up the organizational hierarchy.
The structure is not fixed, it can be changeable according to the objectives and goals of a company, but to change it it is necessary to share the vision with the stakeholders and analyze the change, since the organizational structure also establishes the culture and the form of relationship within a company.
In the centralized structure, decision-making occurs hierarchically from the highest to the lowest positions, whereas in the decentralized structure, the lower hierarchical levels also participate in the decision-making process, requiring the alignment of the organizational structure with the values and objectives of the company.
Using the starting point method, what is the price elasticity of demand from a price of $4.50 to a price of $4.00 per pack of 100 screws
Answer:
The price elasticity of demand is -9.00.
Explanation:
Note: This question is not complete. The complete question is therefore provided before answering the question as follows:
The table below shows the weekly demand for machine screws at the local hardware store.
Price (dollars per pack of 100 screws) Quantity (packs of 100 screws)
$5.00 0
4.50 60
4.00 120
3.50 180
3.00 240
2.50 300
2.00 360
1.50 420
1.00 480
0.50 540
0.0 600
Using the starting point method, what is the price elasticity of demand from a price of $4.50 to a price of $4.00 per pack of 100 screws:
The explanation of the answer is now provided as follows:
New quantity = 120
Old quantity = 60
New price = $4.00
Old price = $4.50
Using the formula for calculating the starting point method for elasticity of demand, we have:
Price elasticity of demand = ((New quantity - Old quantity) / (New price - Old price)) * (Old price / Old quantity) = ((120 - 60) / (4.00 - 4.50)) * (4.50 / 60) = -9.00
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand is -9.00.
The price elasticity of demand is -9.00.
Given information
New quantity = 120
Old quantity = 60
New price = $4.00
Old price = $4.50
Now, we will use the formula below for calculating the starting point method for elasticity of demand.
Price elasticity of demand = ((New quantity - Old quantity) / (New price - Old price)) * (Old price / Old quantity)
Price elasticity of demand = ((120 - 60) / (4.00 - 4.50)) * (4.50 / 60)
Price elasticity of demand = -9.00
In conclusion, the price elasticity of demand is -9.00.
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Leahy Corp. sells $300,000 of bonds to private investors. The bonds are due in five years, have a 6% coupon rate, and interest is paid semiannually. The bonds were sold to yield 4%. Group of answer choices The bonds were sold at a discount, with annual interest expenses more than $18,000 The bonds were sold at a discount, with annual interest expenses less than $18,000 The bonds were sold at a premium, with annual interest expenses more than $18,000 The bonds were sold at a premium, with annual interest expenses less than $18,000 The bonds were sold at par, with annual interest expenses equal to $18,000
Answer:
The bonds were sold at a premium, with annual interest expenses less than $18,000
Explanation:
r = 4% per annum = 4%*6/12 = 2%
n = 5 years * 2 = 10
Present value of annuity factor = [1 - (1+r)^(-n)] / r
Present value of annuity = [1 - (1.02)^(-10)] / 0.02
Present value of annuity = 8.982585
Interest payment = $300,000*6%*6/12
Interest payment = $9,000
Present value factor = 1/(1+r)^n
Present value factor = 1 / (1.02)^10
Present value factor = 0.8203483
Face value = $300,000
Selling value of bond = [8.982585*9000] + [0.8203483*300,000]
Selling value of = 80,843.265 + 246,104.49
Selling value of = 326,948. (Amount that bond are sold for is greater than 300,000 i.e at a premium).
Coupon rate payment = $300,000*6%
Coupon rate payment = $18,000
Gwen plans to retire in 3 years with $426,000 in her account, which has an annual return of 6.29 percent. If she receives annual payments of X, with her first payment of X received in 4 years and her last payment of X received in 9 years, then what is X, the amount of each payment? Number Emerson plans to retire in 3 years with $296,000 in his account, which has an annual return of 10.13 percent. If he receives payments of $60,700 per year and he receives his first $60,700 payment in 4 years, then how many payments of $60,700 can Emerson expect to receive? Round your answer to 2 decimal places (for example, 2.89, 14.70, or 6.00).
Answer:
Q1. $87,423
Q2. 7.06
Explanation:
Q1. Calculation to determine what is X, the amount of each payment
Using Financial calculator to find X
End mode,
N = 6
% = 6.29%
PV= -$426,000
FV = 0
Hence:
X = 87,423
Therefore X, the amount of each payment will be
Q2. Calculation to determine how many payments can Emerson expect to receive
Using Financial calculator
End mode,
%= 10.13%
PV = -$296,000
PMT =$60,700
FV = 0
Hence,
Payment = 7.06
Therefore how many payments can Emerson expect to receive will be 7.06
Although neither ________ nor the ________ is officially set by the Federal Open Market Committee, decisions concerning these policy tools are effectively made by the committee. A. margin requirements; discount rate B. margin requirements; federal funds rate
Answer:
Although neither THE RESERVE REQUIREMENTS nor the DISCOUNT RATE is officially set by the Federal Open Market Committee, decisions concerning these policy tools are effectively made by the committee.
Explanation:
The FED's Board of Governors sets the reserve requirements and the discount rate that must be followed by banks in the United States. The board of directors and the federal open market committee work coordinately. It is like the right doing something that is influenced by the actions of the left hand.
Worldwide Manufacturing produces a unique valve and has the capacity to produce 50,000 valves annually. Currently Worldwide produces 40,000 valves and is thinking about increasing production to 45,000 valves next year. What is the most likely behavior of total manufacturing costs and unit manufacturing costs, given this change
Answer:
c) Total manufacturing costs will increase and unit manufacturing costs will also decrease.
Explanation:
Based on the information given the most likely behavior of total manufacturing costs and unit manufacturing costs, given this change is that TOTAL MANUFACTURING COSTS WILL INCREASE AND UNIT MANUFACTURING COSTS WILL DECREASE since Manufacturing cost consists of DIRECT MATERIALS, DIRECT LABOR, VARIABLE MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD and FIXED MANUFACTURING OVERHEAD in which direct materials, direct labor and variable manufacturing overhead are Variable expense which means that if the production increases from $40,000 to $45,000 the total manufacturing cost will as well INCREASE but due to the FIXED MANUFACTURING COST involved , the unit manufacturing cost will have to decrease.
When computing equivalent units of production, the method that combines partially completed units in beginning inventory with current-period production is the
Answer: the weighted average method
Explanation:
When computing the equivalent units of production, the weighted average method can be used in the combination of partially completed units in the beginning inventory with the current-period production.
In Weighted Average Cost method, a weighted average is used in the determination of the amount which gives into the inventory and the cost of goods sold.
Which of the following is true about an opportunity cost? Multiple Choice they are recorded in the accounting records of the company. is a cost that has already been incurred and can not be changed by any decision. is the potential benefit given up when one alternative is selected over another. should never be considered in decision-making.
Answer:
potential benefit given up when one alternative
Explanation:
1. Implicit cost or opportunity cost : Implicit cost is the cost of the next best option forgone when one alternative is chosen over other alternatives. It is used in calculating economic profit
for example, if you start your business and earn 100,000 but you have to leave your job where you earn 10,000. opportunity cost is 10,000
MC Qu. 157 West Company estimates that overhead costs... West Company estimates that overhead costs for the next year will be $3,600,000 for indirect labor and $880,000 for factory utilities. The company uses machine hours as its overhead allocation base. Of 125,000 machine hours are planned for this next year, what is the company's plantwide overhead rate
Answer:
$35,84 per machine hour
Explanation:
Plantwide overhead rate = Budgeted overheads ÷ Budgeted Activity
where,
Budgeted overheads = $3,600,000 + $880,000 = $4,480,000
Budgeted Activity = 125,000 machine hours
therefore,
Plantwide overhead rate = $4,480,000 ÷ 125,000
= $35,84 per machine hour
Suppose that a firm currently produces 100 units using 10 units of K and 14 units of labor per day. The wage rate is $100 and the rental rate is $150 per day. The cost to produce this output is
Answer: $2,900
Explanation:
The cost of this amount of output is:
= (Amount of K used * Rental rate of capital) + (Amount of labor used * wage rate)
= (10 * 150) + (14 * 100)
= 1,500 + 1,400
= $2,900
What is Brad doing when he starts dialoguing with his colleagues about their opinions related to tobacco use at the hospital
Answer: Using collective strategies
Explanation:
Collective strategies has to do with the organizing of people in order to be able to change health damaging environment and this is done through several strategies such as the provision of educational forums, building coalitions, lobbying for legislative changes etc.
Therefore, Brad dialogue with his colleagues about their opinions related to tobacco use at the hospital is the use of collective strategies.
You are to receive the following payments at the end of the following periods:
Year 1 : $250
Year 2: $300
Year 3: $450
The interest rate is 15% per year.
Required:
What is the future value of these cash flows 20 years from now?
Answer: $12,113.14
Explanation:
Find out the future value of each payment 20 years from now then sum up the values.
Year 1:
= 250 * ( 1 + 15%)¹⁹
= $3,557.94
Year 2:
= 300 * ( 1 + 15%)¹⁸
= $3,712.636
Year 3:
= 450 * ( 1 + 15%)¹⁷
= $4,842.5688
Future value of all:
= 3,557.94 + 3,712.636 + 4,842.5688
= $12,113.14
There is no toll charge to drive on freeway A. If there is freeway congestion at 9 a.m., there will be greater freeway congestion at 11 a.m. if _______.
1. more people carpool at 11 a.m. than at 9 a.m.
2. none of these options.
3. the demand to drive on the freeway is the same at both times.
4. the demand to drive on the freeway at 9 a.m. is greater than the demand to drive on the freeway at 11 a.m.
5. the demand to drive on the freeway at 11 a.m. is greater than the demand to drive on the freeway at 9 a.m.
Answer:
5
Explanation:
If there is greater freeway congestion at 11 a.m than at 9am, it means that more people are using the road at 11am compared to 9am. This means that the demand to drive on the freeway at 11 a.m. is greater than the demand to drive on the freeway at 9 a.m.
If more people carpool at 11 a.m. than at 9 a.m, there would be less cars on the road at 11am. this would make the freeway less congested at 11am when compared to 9am
Description Term or Phrase 1. Examines whether financial statements are prepared using GAAP. 2. Procedures set up to protect company property and equipment, ensure reliable accounting, promote efficiency, and encourage adherence to policies. 3. A less expensive and more effective means to stop fraud. 4. Three factors push a person to commit fraud: opportunity, pressure, and rationalization. 5. Beliefs that distinguish right from wrong.
Answer:
1. Audit
2. Internal control
3. Prevention
4. Fraud triangle
5. Ethics
Explanation:
1. Audit: it involves the process of examining whether financial statements are prepared using the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
2. Internal control: they are procedures set up to protect company property and equipment, ensure reliable accounting, promote efficiency, and encourage adherence to policies.
Internal controls can be defined as the policies, set of rules, and procedures implemented or put in place by an organization to protect its assets, boost efficiency, enhance financial accountability, enforce adherence to company policies and prevent fraudulent behaviors among the employees.
The main purpose of internal controls is to guarantee that loss is eliminated by ensuring that there is an accurate and reliable accounting system.
3. Prevention: it's a less expensive and more effective means to stop fraud.
4. Fraud triangle: three factors push a person to commit fraud: opportunity, pressure, and rationalization.
5. Ethics: beliefs that distinguish right from wrong.
1. Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the accepted standards for financial reporting, are examined to see whether the financial statements were prepared in accordance with them.
2. Internal controls are safeguards implemented by a business to protect its resources, ensure correct accounting, promote efficiency, and encourage adherence to policies. They help reduce risk and protect resources for the business.
3. Cost-effective prevention: This idea emphasizes fraud prevention strategies that are both less expensive and more successful. It focuses on the application of effective techniques to identify and discourage fraudulent activity within an organization.
4. According to the fraud triangle, opportunity, pressure and rationalization are the three elements that can lead to fraudulent behavior. When these factors come together, people may be more likely to commit fraud.
5. Ethical Values: Moral standards are the ideas and precepts that help people to decide what is right and what is wrong. They act as a moral guide for choices and mold the behavior of people and organizations by promoting integrity and accountability.
Learn more about GAAP, here:
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Prepaid Insurance is $23,149. The company has separate insurance policies on its buildings and its motor vehicles. Policy B4564 on the building was purchased on July 1, 2016, for $15,510. The policy has a term of 3 years. Policy A2958 on the vehicles was purchased on January 1, 2017, for $10,224. This policy has a term of 18 months. Prepare the adjusting entries at December 31, 2017.
Answer:
Journal Entry
December 31, 2017
Dr. Insurance Expense-Building $5,170
Cr. Prepaid Insurance-Building $5,170
Dr. Insurance Expense-Motor vehicle $6,816
Cr. Prepaid Insurance-Motor vehicle $6,816
Explanation:
First, we need to calculate the Amount of insurance expense accrued in the year for each insurance
Policy B4564
Insurance expense accrued = Total Insurance amount x Time accrued in the year / Term of Policy
Insurance expense accrued = $15,510 x 1 year / 3 years
Insurance expense accrued = $5,170
Policy A2958
Insurance expense accrued = Total Insurance amount x Time accrued in the year / Term of Policy
Insurance expense accrued = $10,224 x 12 months / 18 months
Insurance expense accrued = $6,816
which one between vodacom and mtn can be considered as price leader in south africa ?
Explanation:
Vodacom, it's one of the most popular everywhere
Suppose Jacques and Kyoko are playing a game in which both must simultaneously choose the action Left or Right. The payoff matrix that follows shows the payoff each person will earn as a function of both of their choices. For example, the lower-right cell shows that if Jacques chooses Right and Kyoko chooses Right, Jacques will receive a payoff of 5 and Kyoko will receive a payoff of 3.
Kyoko
Left Right
Jacques Left 4, 4 6, 3
Right 5, 4 5, 3
The only dominant strategy in this game is for ___________ to choose ______________. The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Jacques chooses _______________ and Kyoko chooses ______________.
Answer:
The only dominant strategy in this game is for Kyoko to choose Left. The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Jacques chooses Right and Kyoko chooses Left.
Explanation:
A dominant strategy is strategy that makes a player better off regardless of the strategy of his opponents in a game.
From the payoff matrix, it can be observed that, when Jacques plays Left, Kyoko will also play Left because 4 > 3. But, when Jacques plays Right, Kyoko will still play Left because 4 > 3. This indicated that Kyoko will always play Left no matter what Jacques plays. As a result, the dominant strategy for Kyoko is Left.
On the other hand, when Kyoko plays Left, Jacques will play Right because 5 > 4. But when Kyoko plays Right, Jacques will play Left because 6 > 5. This shows that Jacques does not have any particular strategy that make him better off. As a result, Jacques does not have a dominant strategy.
Based on the above analysis, we have:
The only dominant strategy in this game is for Kyoko to choose Left. The outcome reflecting the unique Nash equilibrium in this game is as follows: Jacques chooses Right and Kyoko chooses Left.
calls for establishing cost reduction targets for products or services that an organization is currently providing to customers. A. Kaizen costing B. Process reengineering C. Target costing D. Activity-based costing
Answer:
A. Kaizen costing
Explanation:
Costing is the measurement of the cost of production of goods and services by assessing the fixed costs and variable costs associated with each step of production.
In Financial accounting, a direct cost can be defined as any expense which can easily be connected to a specific cost object such as a department, project or product. Some examples of direct costs are cost of raw materials, machineries or equipments.
On the other hand, any cost associated with the running, operations and maintenance of a company refers to indirect costs. Some examples of indirect costs are utility bill, office accessories, diesel etc.
Kaizen costing refer to calls for establishing cost reduction targets with respect to products or services that an organization is currently providing to customers. The word "Kaizen" has a Japanese origin and it simply means continuous improvement to a thing.
A disadvantage of the line structure is that it
Answer:
Disadvantages of a Line Organization
A line organization can suffer from a lack of specialization. This is because each department manager is concerned only with the activities of his own department. Therefore, employees are skilled in tasks pertaining to their departments alone.
These organizations can overburden a keyman or a few key-men to the extent of their breaking point. Also, in the absence of a staff aid, if a strong man seizes the organization, he can run it arbitrarily. Such arbitrary power can lead to a considerable damage to the organization.
Such organizations usually suffer from a lack of expert advice. If the line manager has trouble making a decision, there is no expert staff that he can turn to.
A line organization is usually rigid and inflexible. In fact, such organizations maintain discipline so rigorously that they can rarely change.
These organizations are based on the autocratic system of management.
The division of work is not based on any scientific plan but on the whims of the manager.
It might stop progress and prevent the unit to work effectively.
Such organizations might also encourage nepotism or favoritism based on relationship or friendship.
I hope this is helpful information.