Answer:
This practice may be a violation of U.S. law.
a) true
Explanation:
To protect local industries from unfair competition from other countries, the US enforces antidumping and countervailing laws. The laws seek to investigate, prevent, and impose adequate tariffs on imported goods that are priced lower in the U.S. market than in the exporting country's market or imported goods that are subsidized by the exporting country's government.
. A new bond issue is being issued at a market price of $922 with a 11.4% interest rate and will be due in 16 years. If the firm has a 32 percent tax rate, calculate the after-tax cost of debt.
Answer:
8.53%
Explanation:
Par value = $1000
Current bond = $922
Coupon = 1000*11.4% = $114
Years = 16
Pretax cost of debt = YTM(Nper, PMT, -PV, FV)
Pretax cost of debt = YTM(16, 114, -922, 1000)
Pretax cost of debt = 0.1255
Pretax cost of debt = 12.55%
After tax cost of debt = Pretax cost of debt * (1 - Tax rate)
After tax cost of debt = 12.55% * (1 - 32%)
After tax cost of debt = 0.1255 * 0.68
After tax cost of debt = 0.08534
After tax cost of debt = 8.53%
Which of the following statements is most correct concerning a project with normal cash flows (i.e., a cash outflow in Year 0 followed by cash inflows in all subsequent years)?
a) If the NPV of a project is positive then the payback period rule will always accept the project.
b) If the NPV of a project is negative, then the profitability index of the project will always be greater than one.
c) If the profitability index of a project is greater than one, then the IRR will always be less than the project’s cost of capital.
d) If the NPV of a project is zero, then the IRR of the project will be equal to the discount rate for the project.
e) If the discount rate of a project is zero, then the project will always be accepted.
Answer: D. If the NPV of a project is zero, then the IRR of the project will be equal to the discount rate for the project.
Explanation:
Net present value (NPV) refers to the difference that exist between the present value of the cash inflows and that of the cash outflows for a particular period of time.
The net present value is used in capital budgeting to determine if a projected investment or project will be profitable or not. For a project with normal cash flows, if the NPV of a project is zero, then the IRR of the project will be equal to the discount rate for the project.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
When a shift in ________ occurs, rational expectations hold that its impact on output and employment will only be minimal.
Answer:
Aggregate demand occurs.
Explanation:
The aggregate demand curve of the AD curve will move to the right and components of the demand like consummation, government, and investment spending on the exports and imports will rise. Macroeconomics states that the curve is vertical over time and people should rationally accept this pattern.The country of Arcadia has clusters of associated businesses and suppliers which include individual dye and textile manufacturing firms, chemical plants, and leather manufacturing companies, most of which are well reputed and internationally competitive. This has made Arcadia a major force in the global economic market. Which of the following factors of Michael Porter's diamond model is responsible for giving Arcadia an edge over its competitors?
A) Related and supporting industries
B) Demand conditions
C) Company strategy, structure and rivalry
D) Factor conditions
Answer:
A) Related and supporting industries
Explanation:
Competitive advantage is the edge an entity has over others that results in higher profit margins.
According to Michael Porter there are 4 factors that gives national advantage in the international environment:
- firm strategy' structure and rivalry
- related supporting industries
- demand conditions
- factor conditions.
Related supporting industries refers to the presence of supporting industries that helps a company to thrive.
Forms depend on others for high productivity. When the presence of other supporting companies is adequate production will be maximised.
This is the case in the given instance where the country of Arcadia has clusters of associated businesses and suppliers which include individual dye and textile manufacturing firms, chemical plants, and leather manufacturing companies, most of which are well reputed and internationally competitive. This has made Arcadia a major force in the global economic market
On December 15, 2016, the board of directors of Cross Corporation declared a cash dividend, payable on January 8, 2017, of $0.94 per share on the 2,000,000 common shares outstanding. On December 15, 2016, Cross Corporation should:__________.a. not prepare a journal entry because the event had no effect on the corporation's financial position until 2017.b. decrease cash $1.88 million and decrease retained earnings $1.88 million.c. decrease retained earnings $1.88 million and increase expenses $1.88 million.d. decrease retained earnings $1.88 million and increase liabilities by $1.88 million.
Answer:
d. decrease retained earnings $1.88 million and increase liabilities by $1.88 million
Explanation:
On April 1, Cyclone Co. purchases a trencher for $280,000. The machine is expected to last five years and have a salvage value of $40,000. Compute depreciation expense at December 31 for both the first year and second year assuming the company uses the double-declining-balance method
Answer:First Year Depreciation= $84,000
Second Year Deprecation= $78,400
Explanation:
Using Double declining
We have that :
Depreciation value = Cost - Salvage value
$280,000 - $40,000 =$240,000
Since machine is expected to depreciate for 5 years, Annual depreciation = 240,000 / 5 years
= $48,000
Annual Depreciation Rate = 48,000 / 240,000 = 20%
Therefore, Double declining = 20 x 2 = 40%
First Year Depreciation: from April to December
= 40% x 280,000 x 9/12 months
= $84,000
Second Year Deprecation:
= 40% x (280,000 - 84,000)
= $78,400
A competitive market analysis takes into consideration?
Answer:
A competitive analysis is the process of identifying your competitors and evaluating their strategies to determine their strengths and weaknesses relative to your own business, product, and service. The goal of the competitive analysis is to gather the intelligence necessary to find a line of attack and develop your go-to-market strategy.Explanation:
#AnswerForTreesA thief uses a bag of sand to replace a gold statue that sits on a weight sensitive alarmed pedestal. The bag of sand and the statue have exactly the same volume 1.75 L. Assume that the mass of the bag is negligible. Calculate the mass of each object.
Answer:
No, the thief didn't set off the alarm. As the mass of the gold statue and the bag of sand is different, the alarm clock will start ringing once the statue is replaced with the bag of sand. Thus, the thief screwed up the operation.
No, the robber did not activate the alarm. The alarm clock will begin to sound as soon as the gold statue is swapped out for the sand bag because of the differences in mass. As a result, the theft went wrong.
What is the role of density in sand and the statue?The density of a substance quantifies how much mass is contained in each unit volume of that substance.
From this definition, we can infer that it is an intrinsic parameter, meaning that its value is unaffected by the size of the sample of the material under consideration.
Therefore, No, the thief didn't set off the alarm. The alarm clock will begin to sound as soon as the gold statue is swapped out for the sand bag because of the differences in mass. As a result, the theft went wrong.
Learn more about thief here:
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If the coupon rate on a bond is higher than the yield to maturity, Multiple Choice the bond sells at a discount. the coupon rate on the bond has decreased. interest rates have probably increased since the bond was issued. the current yield on the bond is lower now than when the bond was originally issued.
Answer:
the current yield on the bond is lower now than when the bond was originally issued.
Explanation:
A bond can be defined as a debt or fixed investment security, in which a bondholder (investor or creditor) loans an amount of money to the bond issuer (government or corporations) for a specific period of time. The bond issuer are expected to return the principal (face value) at maturity with an agreed upon interest (coupon), which are paid at fixed intervals.
A yield to maturity can be defined as the bond's total rate of return required by the secondary market while the coupon rate is defined as the annual interest of a bond divided by its face value.
Hence, if the coupon rate on a bond is higher than the yield to maturity, the current yield on the bond is lower now than when the bond was originally issued.
Pottery Ranch Inc. has been manufacturing its own finials for its curtain rods. The company is currently operating at 100% of capacity, and variable manufacturing overhead is charged to production at the rate of 61% of direct labor cost. The direct materials and direct labor cost per unit to make a pair of finials are $4 and $5, respectively. Normal production is 26,400 curtain rods per year.
A supplier offers to make a pair of finials at a price of $13.30 per unit. If Pottery Ranch accepts the supplier’s offer, all variable manufacturing costs will be eliminated, but the $40,400 of fixed manufacturing overhead currently being charged to the finials will have to be absorbed by other products.
Required:
Prepare the incremental analysis for the decision to make or buy the finials.
Answer:
Pottery Ranch Inc.
Incremental Analysis
Make Buy Incremental
Production costs:
Variable manufacturing costs per unit:
Direct materials per unit $4.00
Direct labor per unit $5.00
Variable manufacturing per unit $3.05
Total variable manufacturing costs $12.05 $13.30 $1.25
Annual units of curtain rods 26,400 26,400 26,400
Variable manufacturing costs $318,120 $351,120 $33,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Production capacity = 100%
Variable manufacturing overhead = 61% of direct labor cost
Direct materials per unit = $4
Direct labor per unit = $5
Variable manufacturing per unit = $3.05 (61% of $5)
Total variable manufacturing cost per unit = $12.05
Normal production per year = 26,400 units
Total variable manufacturing costs = $318,120 ($12.05 * 26,400)
Fixed manufacturing overhead = $40,400
Aaron Company estimates direct labor costs and manufacturing overhead costs for the coming year to be $800,000 and $500,000, respectively. Aaron allocates overhead costs based on machine hours. The estimated total labor hours and machine hours for the coming year are 16,000 hours and 10,000 hours, respectively. What is the predetermined overhead allocation rate?
a. $0.00 per machine hour
b. $81.25 per labor hour
c. $50.00 per machine hour
d. $51.25 per labor hour
Answer:
c. $50.00 per machine hour
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the predetermined overhead allocation rate
Using this formula
Predetermined overhead allocation rate=Manufacturing overhead costs/Machine hours
Let plug in the formula
Predetermined overhead allocation rate=$500,000/10,000
Predetermined overhead allocation rate=$50.00 per machine hour
Therefore Predetermined overhead allocation rate is $50.00 per machine hour
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. Concerns about pollution cause the government to significantly restrict the production of electricity. At the same time, the value of the dollar falls. What would we expect to happen in the short run?
a. The price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b. The price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c. Real GDP will rise, and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d. Real GDP will fall, and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
Answer:
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
Explanation:
Short run
In microeconomics, it is simply defined as the timeframe when all resource prices (including wages) are constant not changing.
Long run
This is also known as the period of time when all resource prices (including wages) change/is altered or do not remain the same.
Long-run equilibrium can change with constant long run aggregate supply (LRAS) and potential output thereby leading to changes only in the price level and this can cause inflation. Due to the changing LRAS, causing an increase in potential output leading to economic growth or decreasing potential output leading to negative growth.
According to Laurent, managers in Sweden, Denmark, and Great Britain believe that employees should ________. A. adopt a collectivist mindset B. participate in problem solving C. be "fed" all the answers by their superiors D. not be involved in the decision-making process
Answer:
B. participate in problem solving
Explanation:
André Laurent published the Cross Cultural Puzzle of International Human Resource Management.
This citation looks at how managers in different cultures interact with their employees based on the prevalent sociological tendencies of the country.
People from different cultures tend to perceive communication differently when they interact in the workplace.
He found that employees for Sweden, Denmark, and Great Britain like to participate in problem solving.
Best-Built Construction is run in a very traditional way, with experienced top managers making all the decisions and passing them down to lower levels for implementation. Best-Built can be described as a(n) _____ organization.
Answer: centralized
Explanation:
Centralized organization can be referred to as a hierarchical decision-making structure whereby decision making are done by at the executive level. Unlike the decentralized organization which has many members in the organization making decisions, the centralized organization typically relies on very few individuals at the top level to make decisions.
Since Best-Built Construction follows the scenario explained above, then it can be referred to as a centralized organization.
Over the last year, Calzone Corporation paid a quarterly dividend of $0.10 in each of the four quarters. The current stock price of Calzone Corporation is $39.78. What is the dividend yield for Calzone stock
Answer: 1.0%
Explanation:
Dividend yield = Annual dividend / Current stock price
Annual dividend = (0.10 * 4 quarters)
= $0.40
Dividend yield = 0.40 / 39.78
= 1.0%
You are calculating the volume quantity needed for material that will compact to 95% of its original undisturbed volume. You know that you will need to fill a void with a volume of 1,487 cubic yards. What is the volume of material needed from the borrow pit to equal this amount when fully compacted
Answer:
Volume = 1565.56 cubic yards
Explanation:
The computation of the volume of material required is shown below:
95% × volume = 1,487 cubic yards
Volume = 1565.56 cubic yards
Basically 95% of volume is equivalent to the 1487 cubic yards
So according to this we determined the volume
Hence, the same should be considered
Suppose that many stocks are traded in the market and that it is possible to borrow at the risk-free rate, rƒ. The characteristics of two of the stocks are as follows: Stock Expected Return Standard Deviation A 10 % 25 % B 18 % 75 % Correlation = –1 a. Calculate the expected rate of return on this risk-free portfolio? (Hint: Can a particular stock portfolio be substituted for the risk-free asset?) (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) b. Could the equilibrium rƒ be greater than 12.00%?
Answer:
a. The expected rate of return on this risk-free portfolio is 12%.
b. No, the equilibrium rƒ CANNOT be greater than 12.00%. This is because the equilibrium rƒ must be equal to the expected rate of return on this risk-free portfolio.
Explanation:
Given:
The characteristics of two of the stocks are as follows:
Stock Expected Return Standard Deviation
A 10% 25%
B 18% 75%
Correlation = –1
a. Calculate the expected rate of return on this risk-free portfolio?
SDA = Standard Deviation of Stock A = 25%, or 0.25
SDB = Standard Deviation of Stock B = 75%, or 0.75
WA = Weight of Stock A = ?
WB = Weight of Stock B = (1 - WA)
Portfolio standard deviation = (WA * SDA) – ((1 - WA) * SDB) = (WA * 0.25) – ((1 - WA) * 0.75)
With a perfect negative correlation, Portfolio standard deviation has is taken to be zero. Therefore, we have:
0 = (WA * 0.25) - ((1 - WA) * 0.75)
0 = 0.25WA - (0.75 - 0.75WA)
0 = 0.25WA - 0.75 + 0.75WA
0.75 = 0.25WA + 0.75WA
WA = 0.75
Therefore, we have:
WB = 1 - WA = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
Portfolio expected rate of return = (WA * Expected Return of Stock A) + (WB * Expected Return) = (0.75 * 10%) + (0.25 * 18%) = 0.12, or 12.00%
Therefore, the expected rate of return on this risk-free portfolio is 12%.
b. Could the equilibrium rƒ be greater than 12.00%?
No, the equilibrium rƒ CANNOT be greater than 12.00%. This is because the equilibrium rƒ must be equal to the expected rate of return on this risk-free portfolio.
Identify and explain each of the situational influences that are described in this scenario: Which situational influence was not described? Ruth, who has no children, wants to buy a special baby gift for her best friend's baby shower, which is this evening. Since she won't have any time between work and the baby shower, she must go today during her lunch break. She is planning on taking her sister with her to help make the selection. Ruth knows she will be ready to buy every baby-oriented product she sees because she wishes that she too was having a baby.
Answer:
Physical surroundings.
Explanation:
Ruth wants to buy special gift for her best friend's baby shower party. She has invited her sister to help her out with the selection in the shopping. Situational influence is described but there is no hint of physical surrounding. Author has not mentioned anything about the physical surrounding in the passage.
On Mar 3, Lyons Company paid dividends of $1,000. Use your knowledge of what a correct journal entry should look like to identify what would be include
Answer:
Debit : Dividend $1,000
Credit : Cash $1,000
Explanation:
The Journal entry to record dividend payment include a Debit to Dividend Account and a Credit to Cash Account to depict the outflow of cash.
A company purchased property for $100,000. The property included a building, a parking lot, and land. The building was appraised at $60,000; the land at $46,600, and the parking lot at $18,400. Land should be recorded in the accounting records with an allocated cost of
Answer:
$37,280
Explanation:
We use the appraised values to apportion the Purchase Cost of the Property to determine the Cost of Land as follows :
Land Cost = $46,600 / $125,000 x $100,000
= $37,280
Land should be recorded in the accounting records with an allocated cost of $37,280.
9. Suppose Betty saves $200 each month in her 401(k) account. How much less will her monthly take-home pay be than if she saved nothing? (Assume a combined 20% state and federal income tax rate.)
Answer:
$160
Explanation:
The way 401(k) savings work is that employees can save from their earnings before tax is deducted, which means that on the $200 saved no tax is deducted, hence, the take of the employee reduces by $200
When there are savings, a tax of 20% would have been deducted from the $200, as a result, the employee would be left with $160($200-($200*20%)), which means that take-home would reduce by $40, the amount tax deducted.
The reduction in take-home=$200-$40
The reduction in take-home=$160
If the real U.S. GDP was $7,636.4 billion in 1998 and the U.S. population was 295 million, the per capita real GDP would have been approximately:_________-
Answer:
25,886 per person
Explanation:
The real US GDP in the year 1998 is 7636.4 billion
The US population was 295 million
Therefore thecapitapital real GDP can be calculated as follows
= 7636.4 billion/295 million
= 25,886 per person
A factory wishes to maximize its profit by choosing how many of each of its products to produce every week. The factory cannot produce more than 32 units in total each week. A linear programming problem is formed and the part of the sensitivity report corresponding to this constraint is provided below. If the company could produce 10 more units each week, which of the following can be concluded about the optimal profit?
Nam Final Value Shadow Constraint R.H. Allowable Allowable
Price Side Increase Decrease
Total
Production 32 32 90 15.333 8.667
a. Optimal profit increases by 90.
b. Optimal profit increases by 900.
c. Optimal profit increases by 15.3.
d. Optimal profit increases by 153.3.
e. The impact on optimal profit cannot be determined with the given information.
Economists use the term inflation to describe a situation in which a. some prices are rising faster than others. b. the economy's overall price level is rising. c. the economy's overall price level is high, but not necessarily rising. d. the economy's overall output of goods and services is rising faster than the economy's overall price level.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Inflation is a persistent rise in the general price levels
Types of inflation
1. demand pull inflation – this occurs when demand exceeds supply. When demand exceeds supply, prices rise
2. cost push inflation – this occurs when the cost of production increases. This leads to a reduction in supply. Higher prices are the resultant effect
Shoe leather cost is when people try to spend money immediately so they would not be holding money for a long time. This is because money loses its value in an inflation.
Menu costs are the costs of changing price constantly as a result of inflation, When there is inflation, prices increases regularly. As a result prices needs to be updated regularly.
According to the results, if a CEO in the Financial industry and a CEO in the Health Care industry both have 88 years of experience, what is the estimated difference in annual salary between the two CEOs
Answer: $19,032.79
Explanation:
There is some data missing that I was unable to find so I will answer a similar question and can use your data to answer this using mine as a reference.
Because the healthcare industry is the base industry, the estimated difference in the annual salary is:
= 0 - Coefficient of Financial industry
= 0 - (-19,032.787112)
= 0 + 19,032.787112
= $19,032.79
In each of the following situations, determine whether the company would be more likely or less likely to benefit from refining its costing system.
1. In bidding for jobs, managers lost bids they expected to win and won bids they expected to lose
2. The company operates in a very competitive industry.
3. The company produces few products, and the products consume resources in a similar manner.
4. The company has very few indirect costs
5. The company produces high volumes of some of its products and low volumes of other products.
6. The company has reengineered its production process but has not changed its accounting system
Answer and Explanation:
The classification is as follows;
a. When the lost bids could be wins and won bids could be lose so it is most likely
b. When the company operates in the industry i.e. competitive so it is most likely
c. When the company generates less products and products are consumed in same way so it is less likely
d. When the company has less non-direct cost so it is less likely
e. When the company generated the high volume of products and some products are of less volume so it is most likely
f. When the company reengineered the process of the production but not varied the accounting system so it is most likely
A recent study determined that, at the current market price, there is a shortage of widgets in Pleasantville. If the market for widgets is allowed to adjust, the ultimate result will be:
Answer: b. an increase in price and an increase in the quantity supplied
Explanation:
According to the law of supply and demand, when the supply of a good is low, the price should be high to reflect this scarcity. In this case, the supply of widgets is low, hence the shortage.
If the market was able to freely adjust, the price of widgets would increase to reflect this shortage. When supplies see this increase, they will increase their supply so as to earn more profits.
M Corporation has provided the following data concerning an investment project that it is considering: Initial investment $ 250,000 Annual cash flow $ 119,000 per year Expected life of the project 4 years Discount rate 8 % Click here to view Exhibit 12B-1 and Exhibit 12B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using the tables provided. The net present value of the project is closest to:
Answer:
$144,128
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what net present value of the project is closest to:
Initial investment = $250,000
Annual cash flow = $119,000
Expected life of project (n) = 4 years
Discount rate (i) = 8%
First step is to calculate the Present value of cash flows using this formula
Present value of cash flows = Annual cash flow x Present value annuity factor (i%, n)
Let plug in the formula
Present value of cash flows= 119000 x Present value annuity factor (8%, 4)
Present value of cash flows= 119,000 x 3.312
Present value of cash flows= $394,128
Now let determine the Net present value using this formula
Net present value = Present value of cash flows - Initial investment
Let plug in the formula
Net present value= $394,128 - $250,000
Net present value=$144,128
Therefore net present value of the project is closest to:$144,128
Predetermined Overhead Rate, Application of Overhead to Jobs, Job Cost, Unit Cost On August 1, Cairle Company's work-in-process inventory consisted of three jobs with the following costs: Job 70 Job 71 Job 72 Direct materials $1,600 $2,000 $850 Direct labor 1,900 1,300 900 Applied overhead 1,425 975 675 During August, four more jobs were started. Information on costs added to the seven jobs during the month is as follows: Job 70 Job 71 Job 72 Job 73 Job 74 Job 75 Job 76
Direct materials $800 $1,235 $3,550 $5,000 $300 $560 $80 Direct labor 1,000 1,400 2,200 1,800 600 860 172
Before the end of August, Jobs 70, 72, 73, and 75 were completed. On August 31, Jobs 72 and 75 were sold.
Required:
1. Calculate the predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor cost.
% of direct labor cost.
2. Calculate the ending balance for each job as of August 31.
Ending Balance
Job 70 $
Job 71 $
Job 72 $
Job 73 $
Job 74 $
Job 75 $
Job 76 $
3. Calculate the ending balance of Work in Process as of August 31.
$
4. Calculate the cost of goods sold for August.
$
5. Assuming that Cairle prices its jobs at cost plus 20 percent, calculate Cairle’s sales revenue for August.
Answer:
Cairle Company
1. The predetermined overhead rate based on direct labor cost is:
= 75% of direct labor cost.
2. August 31 Ending Balances:
Job 70 $7,475
Job 71 $7,960
Job 72 $9,825
Job 73 $8,150
Job 74 $1,350
Job 75 $2,065
Job 76 $384
3. Ending balance of Work in Process, August 31:
= $9,694
4. The cost of goods sold for August = $11,890
5. Sales revenue for August = $14,268
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Work in process inventory on August 1:
Job 70 Job 71 Job 72 Job 73 Job 74 Job 75 Job 76
Direct materials $1,600 $2,000 $850
Direct labor 1,900 1,300 900
Applied overhead 1,425 975 675
Direct materials $800 $1,235 $3,550 $5,000 $300 $560 $80
Direct labor 1,000 1,400 2,200 1,800 600 860 172
Applied overhead 750 1,050 1,650 1,350 450 645 129
Total costs $7,475 $7,960 $9,825 $8,150 $1,350 $2,065 $384
Work in Process:
Job 71 $7,960
Job 74 1,350
Job 76 384
Total $9,694
Cost of goods sold:
Job 72 $9,825
Job 75 $2,065
Total $11,890
Sales revenue = $14,268 ($11,890 * 1.20)
A justification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. Suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. However, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in Ohio. In particular, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of non-defective items produced per worker (output).
Required:
a. Carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question.
b. Does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent ofworker characteristics? What are some of those measurable and unmeasurable workercharacteristics?
c. Name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity.
d. If you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you haveconvincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? Explain.
Solution :
a). There is a way to state the question :
If there are two firms, firm A and firm B. Both the forms are same in all the respects but differ in only one thing, that firm A provides job training 1 hour per worker more than the number of hours of training of firm B, by how much the output of firm A would differ than the output from firm B?
b). The manufacturing firms that are located in Ohio will provide the job training based on the characteristics of workers. Some of the determining factors includes years of schooling, experience in a particular job, etc. The firms can even consider the worker's age, race or gender. The training will be provided to the less efficient workers based on their ability.
c). The amount of the capital as well as the technology that is available to the workers would affect the output of the firm. Thus the firms having the same kind of employees would have different outputs when the firms used different technology or different amount of capital.
d). No, unless the training is randomly assigned. The factors are listed above which can contribute to the finding of a positive correlation between the output and the training even when the job training does not improve the productivity of the worker.