50. Question The atom of an element X contains 17 protons, 17 electrons and 18 neutrons whereas the atom of an element Y contains 11 protons, 11 electrons and 12 neutrons. (a) What type of ion will be formed by an atom of element X? Write the symbol of ion formed. (b) What will be the number of (i) protons (ii) electrons, and (iii) neutrons, in the ion formed from X? (c) What type of ion will be formed by an atom of element Y? Write the symbol of ion formed. (d) What will be the number of (i) protons (ii) electrons, and (iii) neutrons, in the ion formed from Y?​

The work done here  on throwing the ball straight upwards to a height of 4 m is the change in its potential energy. Hence, here the change in potential energy is 6.66 J.

Work done is a physical quantity that measures the how much the force is effective in making a displacement. Hence it is the product of force and displacement.

The work done in bringing an object from one place to the other is called its potential energy. Here, the work done on throwing the ball straight upwards tp a height of 4 m is equal to its potential energy at this height.

Potential energy = mgh

g = 9.8 m/s²

m = 0.170 kg

h = 4 m

p =  9.8 m/s² × 4 m × 0.170 kg = 6.66 J.

Therefore, the work done in throwing the ball is 6.66 J.

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Answer:

The wavelength of the wave in the diagram is 6 meters. This can be calculated by measuring the distance between points A and B and dividing it by the number of waves. In this case, there is one wave, so the wavelength is equal to the distance between points A and B, which is 6 meters.

A certain liquid sample contains a small amount of dissolved chloroform. The most effective way to rid the liquid of chloroform is Heating the sample gently, and providing an outlet for the gas to flow into a storage container. The correct answer is C.

Some of the liquid sample has some dissolved chloroform in it. The best method for removing chloroform from the liquid is to gently heat the sample while creating a passageway for the gas to escape into a storage container.

Allowing the gas to escape and flow into a storage container while gently heating the sample As long as a secure outlet and a container for the gas are offered, heating the sample will enable the chloroform to escape, which is an efficient method of degassing the liquid.

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E) are inert gases. Inert gases have full outer shells of electrons, making them unreactive and unlikely to form compounds.

Elements that have full outer shells of electrons, also known as noble gases, are highly unreactive and unlikely to form compounds. This is because their electrons are fully occupied in the outermost energy level, so they have no desire to bond with other elements. As a result, they are referred to as "inert gases". Examples of inert gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Inert gases are often used in a variety of applications due to their stability and lack of reactivity, such as filling the space inside light bulbs, in cooling and refrigeration systems, and as shielding gases in welding.

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Answer: A

Explanation:

The answer is A.

There are 4 carbon atoms in the carbon chain. There is a triple bond between the first 2 carbons.

The fact that there are 4 carbon atoms and a triple bond makes this butyne.

The water in a garden hose flows at a rate of 10.0 liters per minute. Therefore, 158 gal/hr is the flow rate in gallons per hour.

Flow rate is the amount of liquid that travels in a given length of time. Furthermore, the flow rate is affected by the channel through which the liquid is travelling, the area of the pipe, as well as the velocity of something like the liquid. Furthermore, the formula is. Fluid dynamic rate = pipe or channel area x liquid velocity.

The volume flow value is the rate of liquid (water flow rate formula) passing through every place in an area over time.

1 gal = 3.79 L

60 min = 1 hr

10.0 L/min x 60 min/hr x 1 gal/3.79 L = 158 gal/hr

Therefore, 158 gal/hr is the flow rate in gallons per hour.

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The standard molar entropy of N2(g) at 298 K from its rotational constant B= 1.9987 cm-1 is 192.1 J/(K mol).

Entropy is a concept in thermodynamics and information theory that measures the amount of disorder in a system. It is typically represented by the letter S, and has units of joules per kelvin (J/K). Entropy is an important concept because it determines how much energy can be used to do work. In thermodynamics, entropy is related to the amount of energy in a system that is unavailable to do work. In information theory, entropy is related to the amount of information in a system. Entropy is also related to the amount of uncertainty in a system. Entropy increases with disorder and decreases with order. Entropy is a fundamental quantity in physics, and it has been used to explain many physical processes. The increase of entropy over time is known as the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and it has important implications for the universe.

Qrot = (2πh/B[tex])^{3/2}[/tex]

= (2π*6.626×10⁻³⁴ /1.9987×10⁻²[tex])^{3/2}[/tex]

= 3.35×10⁻³⁸

Qvib = (hv/RT[tex])^{1/2}[/tex]

= (6.626×10⁻³⁴ *2359*10²/8.314*298[tex])^{1/2}[/tex]

= 5.21×10⁻¹⁷

Standard molar entropy

= 8.314*ln(3.35×10⁻³⁸/5.21×10⁻¹⁷)

= 192.1 J/(K mol)

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The flow of water in a pipe and the flow of electrons in a wire are both examples of fluid flow and are caused by different physical phenomena.

The flow of water in a pipe is caused by a pressure difference, also known as a pressure gradient, between two points. If the pressure at one end of the pipe is higher than the pressure at the other end, water will flow from the high-pressure end to the low-pressure end. The flow rate will depend on the pressure difference, the diameter of the pipe, and the viscosity of the fluid.

The flow of electrons in a wire, on the other hand, is caused by a difference in electrical potential, also known as a voltage difference, between two points. If the voltage at one end of the wire is higher than the voltage at the other end, electrons will flow from the high-voltage end to the low-voltage end. The flow rate will depend on the voltage difference, the resistance of the wire, and the number of electrons available to flow.

In summary, the cause of the flow of water in a pipe is a pressure difference, while the cause of the flow of electrons in a wire is a voltage difference.

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The mass of oxygen gas that is consumed by the reaction of 2.0 g of ethanol would be 1.28 grams.

The reaction of ethanol with oxygen to form water and acetic acid is shown in the balanced equation below:

[tex]CH_3CH_2OH + O_2 -- > CH_3COOH + H_2O[/tex]

The mole ratio of ethanol to oxygen is 1:1.

The mole equivalence of 2.0 g of ethanol would be:

Mole = mass/molar mass = 2/46.07 = 0.04 mol

Thus, the mole equivalence of oxygen consumed will also be 0.04 mol.

The mass of 0.04 mol oxygen consumed can be calculated as:

Mass = mole x molar mass = 0.04 x 32 = 1.28 grams

In other words, the amount of oxygen consumed would be 1.28 grams.

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Answer:

1. C.3

2. A. Continental shelf

Explanation:

Ocean water contains about 3% salt

When you are at the beach, you are playing in the sand of the Continental Shelf

The limiting reagents are potassium superoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen , Sulphur dioxide and oxygen respectively

1.

Potassium superoxide reaction:

4KO2(s) + 2H2O(l) → 4KOH(s) + 3O2(g)

Given: 0.150 mol KO2 and 0.100 mol water

We can start by calculating the amount of moles of oxygen that can be produced from each reactant.

From 0.150 mol of KO2, we can produce:

0.150 mol KO2 * (3 moles O2 / 4 moles KO2) = 0.113 mol O2

From 0.100 mol of water, we can produce:

0.100 mol H2O * (3 moles O2 / 2 moles H2O) = 0.150 mol O2

Since the amount of moles of oxygen that can be produced from the water is larger, we have a surplus of water. Therefore, potassium superoxide is the limiting reagent, and we can produce 0.113 moles of O2.

2.

C2H2 and O2 reaction:

2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Given: 13.7 g of C2H2 and 18.5 g of O2

We can start by calculating the amount of moles of each reactant:

C2H2: 13.7 g / 26.04 g/mol = 0.522 mol

O2: 18.5 g / 32.00 g/mol = 0.580 mol

We can then calculate the amount of moles of CO2 produced from each reactant:

From 0.522 mol of C2H2, we can produce:

0.522 mol C2H2 * (2 moles CO2 / 2 moles C2H2) = 0.522 mol CO2

From 0.580 mol of O2, we can produce:

0.580 mol O2 * (2 moles CO2 / 5 moles O2) = 0.232 mol CO2

Since the amount of moles of CO2 that can be produced from O2 is smaller, we have a surplus of O2. Therefore, C2H2 is the limiting reagent, and we can produce 0.522 moles of CO2. To find the mass, we can multiply the amount of moles by the molar mass of CO2:

0.522 mol * (44.01 g/mol) = 23.0 g CO2

3.

Nitrogen gas can react with hydrogen gas to form gaseous ammonia. If 4.7 g of nitrogen reacts with 9.8 g of hydrogen, how much ammonia is formed? What is the limiting reagent?

We can balance the reaction equation first:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

Next, we need to convert the masses of nitrogen and hydrogen to moles.

For nitrogen:

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 4.7 g / 28.0 g/mol = 0.168 mol

For hydrogen:

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 9.8 g / 2.0 g/mol = 4.9 mol

Since the reaction requires 3 moles of hydrogen for every 1 mole of nitrogen, the limiting reagent will be nitrogen.

The amount of ammonia that can be formed can be calculated using the moles of the limiting reagent.

moles of NH3 = moles of N2 * 2

moles of NH3 = 0.168 mol * 2 = 0.336 mol

Mass of NH3 = moles of NH3 * molar mass of NH3

Mass of NH3 = 0.336 mol * 17.0 g/mol = 5.7 g

So, 5.7 g of ammonia can be formed and nitrogen is the limiting reagent.

4.

One of the most common acids found in acid rain is sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is formed when gaseous sulfur dioxide reacts with ozone (O3) in the atmosphere to form gaseous sulfur trioxide and oxygen. The sulfur trioxide forms sulfuric acid when it comes in contact with water. If 5.13 g of sulfur dioxide reacts with 6.18 g of ozone, how much sulfur trioxide is formed? What is the limiting reagent?

We can balance the reaction equation first:

2SO2(g) + O3(g) → 2SO3(g)

Next, we need to convert the masses of sulfur dioxide and ozone to moles.

For sulfur dioxide:

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 5.13 g / 64.0 g/mol = 0.0801 mol

For ozone:

moles = mass / molar mass

moles = 6.18 g / 48.0 g/mol = 0.1288 mol

Since the reaction requires equal moles of sulfur dioxide and ozone, the limiting reagent will be whichever has the smaller amount, in this case, sulfur dioxide.

The amount of sulfur trioxide that can be formed can be calculated using the moles of the limiting reagent.

moles of SO3 = moles of SO2 * 2

moles of SO3 = 0.0801 mol * 2 = 0.1602 mol

Mass of SO3 = moles of SO3 * molar mass of SO3

Mass of SO3 = 0.1602 mol * 80.0 g/mol = 12.8 g

So, 12.8 g of sulfur trioxide can be formed and sulfur dioxide is the limiting reagent.

5.

Sulfur trioxide is formed when sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen:

SO2 + 1/2 O2 → SO3

From the given amounts of sulfur dioxide and oxygen, we can calculate the amount of sulfur trioxide that can form:

7.99 g SO2 * (1 mol SO2 / 64.06 g SO2) = 0.1251 mol SO2

2.18 g O2 * (1 mol O2 / 32.00 g O2) = 0.0681 mol O2

We need equal amounts of sulfur dioxide and oxygen for complete reaction, so the limiting reagent is the one with the smaller amount, which is oxygen. The maximum amount of sulfur trioxide that can form is determined by the amount of oxygen:

0.0681 mol O2 * (1 mol SO3 / 0.5 mol O2) = 0.1362 mol SO3

0.1362 mol SO3 * (80.06 g SO3 / 1 mol SO3) = 10.93 g SO3

So, 10.93 g of sulfur trioxide can form from the given amounts of sulfur dioxide and oxygen. The limiting reagent is oxygen.

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The best option would be that If the half-life is 1 000 years, then the time when 7/8 of nuclei have decayed and 1/8 are remaining is approximately 2,000 years.

Radioactivity is the phenomenon in which an atomic nucleus undergoes spontaneous decay, emitting particles and radiation in the process. This results in the emission of alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles (electrons), and gamma rays (high-energy photons), which can be harmful to living things.

The decay process is caused by an unstable ratio of protons to neutrons in the nucleus, leading to the emission of particles and radiation until a more stable configuration is reached.

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Some of the most dangerous conditions occur when temperatures are hovering around 32 °F degrees Fahrenheit, or freezing when snow begins to turn to watery slush.

The three most common forms of exceptionally severe weather are heat waves, cold waves, and tropical cyclones. The increased economic expenses, the loss of human lives, droughts, floods, landslides, and changes in ecosystems are all repercussions that may be seen as a direct result of extreme weather events.

There is evidence to show that climate change is increasing the frequency of some extreme weather events as well as the intensity of those occurrences.

Changes in the frequency or magnitude of extreme heat and cold events are the ones in which the confidence in attributing extreme weather and other events to anthropogenic climate change is highest. There is also some confidence in the attribution of increases in heavy precipitation and increases in the intensity of droughts.

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The water circuit in shell and coil and coil-type tube-in-a-tube condensers must be cleaned chemically.

Brass, titanium, stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, copper-nickel alloys, and these metals are used as tube materials most frequently in condensers.

By adjusting the flow of refrigerant via the condenser, a water regulating valve aids in maintaining the system's head pressure.

Condensers with coils and shells. A coil of finned water tubing is housed inside a welded shell in a shell-and-coil condenser. The hot refrigerant circulates in the shell of this type of water-cooled condenser while the cooling water cools the coils and condenses the refrigerant. In general, it is inexpensive and most portable.

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The energy from the sun can be traced to the energy used by the brain from the food we consume.

The brain gets its energy from the food we consume while most of the food we consume come from plants or animals that consume plants.

Plants get their own food directly from sunlight through the process of photosynthesis. They are able to convert solar energy from the sun to chemical energy.

When humans consume food, the energy in the food is unlocked and converted to usable energy by the body. This is part of the energy that the brain makes use of.

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Answer: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Helium and Neon are elements.

Explanation:

The main components of air are:

Nitrogen (78%)

Oxygen (21%)

Carbon dioxide (0. 04%)

Argon (0. 93%)

Trace amounts of helium, neon, methane, hydrogen and water vapour.

Out of all these components here, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Helium and Neon are elements. We can tell that because element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances, and here we can see that unlike methane(CH₄), Carbor dioxide (CO₂) or water vapor(H₂O) , these elements cannot be broken down into anything simpler.

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The Diels-Alder reaction gives a product containing a conjugated diene and a dienophile.

Stereochemistry depends on the arrangement of the substituents on the starting materials - if the dienophile has a cis configuration relative to the diene, the reaction will give a cis product, and if they are in a trans configuration, then the reaction will give a trans product. In an irreversible reaction, the product is a single dienophile, and can be determined by examining the relative configurations of the starting materials. two single-bonded oxygen atoms, with the newly-formed double-bonded oxygen now attached to a hydrogen atom. This new structure is the carboxyl group, which can be seen in the products of the hydrolysis reaction illustrated above.

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The correct option is the option (b) .

What is temperature ?

Temperature is a unit used to represent how hot or cold something is. It can be stated using the Celsius or Fahrenheit scales, among others. Temperature shows which way heat energy will naturally flow, i.e., from a hotter (body with a higher temperature) to a colder (body with a lower temperature) (one at a lower temperature).

What is pressure ?

The definition of pressure is the amount of force that is exerted to a certain region. It can be calculated mathematically as P=FA, where F is the force applied perpendicular to surface area A. The pascal (Pa), or one newton per square metre (N/m 2), is the accepted unit of pressure..

In a constant volume bomb calorimeter change in temperature is ∆T= 30C and as the volume is constant so change in volume ∆V= 0.

So we have work done= P×∆V= P×0= 0

Where P is the pressure.

Again burning calcium metal with oxygen is an exothermic reaction and heat is released.

So "q= -". And we have according to first law of thermodynamics ," energy can neither be created nor be destroyed" So q= ∆E+ W and W=0

So "q=∆E= -".

Hence, q= - , W=0, ∆E= -

So correct option is option-B

Therefore, The correct option is the option (b) .

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The parts of the Bunsen burner are;

P is the air hole and it should be closed before you light the Bunsen burner. This is to ensure that too much air does not enter.

Lighting a Bunsen burner without closing the air hole can be dangerous because it can cause the flame to become unstable and flare up, potentially leading to a fire or explosion. The air hole is used to regulate the amount of air that enters the burner and mixes with the gas. When the air hole is open, too much air can enter the burner and cause the flame to become oxygen-rich, which makes it hotter and more unstable.

In addition, an unstable flame can also release harmful byproducts such as carbon monoxide, a toxic gas that can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea.

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The solute is carbon dioxide and solvent is water in soda water.

Soda water is a solution of carbon dioxide (the solute) in water (the solvent). Carbon dioxide is a gas that is dissolved in the water to make the soda water. The carbon dioxide provides the fizz and the water provides the base for the soda.Soda water is a solution of carbon dioxide gas in water.This reaction's chemical equation is:

CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

Soda water, sometimes referred to as seltzer water, is a type of carbonated water. The carbonation comes from the introduction of carbon dioxide gas which is added to the water under pressure. Soda water has a bubbly and slightly acidic taste and is often used as a mixer for alcoholic drinks, as well as for a refreshing drink on its own.

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Mixing sand and gravel and knitting yarn into a scarf are examples of physical changes.

Physical changes are defined as changes which affect only the form of a substance but not it's chemical composition. They are used to separate mixtures in to chemical components but cannot be used to separate compounds to simpler compounds.

Physical changes are always reversible using physical means and involve a change in the physical properties.Examples of physical changes include melting,boiling , change in texture, size,color,volume and density.Magnetism, crystallization, formation of alloys are all reversible and hence physical changes.

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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was mixing sand and gravel and knitting yarn into a scarf is a physical change or chemical change.

The balanced equation is; 2MnO2 + 3H2O2 + 2OH − →2MnO4− +4H2O

A balanced chemical equation is a chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. This means that the same number of atoms of each element are involved in the reactants (the starting materials) and the products (the substances formed).

Balancing a chemical equation ensures that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed, as the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products.

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Molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mole

Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mole

Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mole

What is molar mass?

The molar mass is the substance; it helps to determine the mass of the sample substance to the atom of the sample or substance. The molar mass depends on the molecular formula and the isotopes of the atom. Molar mass is used for the inducement of electric charge. Molar mass is the measurement of the volume of the mass. The molar mass is expressed in the unit of dalton.

A mole is the atom's elementary particle, an ion. The mole of the substance is always related to the Avogadro number. The mole is always associated with the weight or mass of the element or substance. The standard unit of a mole is mol. The mole is a significant factor of the reactant and products to form an equation. A mole calculates the atom, ion, and substance weighs.

6CO2 + 6H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Atomic mass C = 12 g/mole

atomic mass of O = 16 g/mole

atomic mass of H = 1 g/mole

Thus, molar mass of CO2 = 44 g/mole

Molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mole

Molar mass of O2 = 32 g/mole

Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mole

Thus, moles of glucose in 0.075 g of it = mass/molar mass  = 0.075/180 = 0.00042

number of molecules of aspirin = moles*Avagadro's Number = 0.00042*6.022*1023 = 2.509*1020

239Pu + 4He2+ ------> 240Cm + 3n10

Therefore, Green plants take in water (h2o) and carbon dioxide (co2) and produce glucose (c6h12o6) and oxygen gas (o2), the moles are listed above.

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The freezing point of the solution is: 9.19 °C and the boiling point of the solution is: 102.54 °C.

To determine the freezing point of the solution, we can use the equation Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = Kf x molality  

The mass of the solvent in the solution is given as 92.8 mL, so we convert it to grams:

mass of solvent = 92.8 mL x 1.00 g/mL = 92.8 g

mass of solvent = 92.8 g / 1000 g/kg = 0.0928 kg

The moles of solute (ethylene glycol) can be calculated using its molar mass:

moles of solute = 28.2 g / (62.07 g/mol) = 0.4556 mol              

molality = 0.4556 mol / 0.0928 kg = 4.92 m

And the change in freezing point is:  

Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = Kf x molality = 1.86 °C/m x 4.92 m = 9.19 °C

Freezing point of the solution is:

[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= [tex]T_{f}[/tex]- Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 0 °C - 9.19 °C = -9.19 °C  

To determine the boiling point of the solution, we can use the equation ΔTb = Kb x molality

ΔTb =0.52 °C/m x 4.92 m = 2.54 °C

Boiling point of the solution is:

Tb = Tb + ΔTb = 100 °C + 2.54 °C = 102.54 °C    

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Answer:

water os solvent answer option 3

Answer:

All of the industries listed can provide jobs and boost the economy through product sales and advertising. However, "Communications" and "Electronics" are particularly noted for their significant impact in providing jobs and boosting the economy through product sales and advertising. The communications industry includes the telecommunications and media sectors, which generate revenue through product sales and advertising. The electronics industry is a major contributor to the global economy, with products such as smartphones, laptops, and other electronics driving product sales and generating revenue through advertising.

"Tourism" is another industry that can contribute to job creation and economic growth through product sales and advertising, as it involves the sale of travel-related products and services and can generate significant revenue through advertising.

"Oil and Gas" is also an important industry that can provide jobs and boost the economy through product sales and revenue generated from the production and sale of oil and gas products.

For conversion degree Celsius into kelvin we have to add the value 273 in given value.The temperature in kelvin of 73°C is 346 K.

A temperature converter helps change over the temperature between Fahrenheit and Celsius scale. Temperature is measured using a thermometer.

While Kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature, people generally use Centigrade or Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F) to measure temperature.

For conversion degree Celsius into kelvin we have to add the value 273 in given value.

We have to convert  73°C into kelvin.

Therefore,

= 73 + 273

= 346 Kelvin

Thus, The temperature in kelvin of 73°C is 346 K.

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The general direction in which a graph is moving is called a trend.

An alkyne can be prepared by the reaction of a vicinal dihalide or geminal dihalide with a strong base such as NaNH2.

This reaction is known as the "halogen exchange reaction" or "halogenation reaction". During this reaction, the halide ions of the dihalide are replaced by the base, resulting in the formation of an alkyne. The reaction typically takes place at room temperature, and can be catalyzed with a Lewis acid such as boron trifluoride (BF3).

The halogen exchange reaction is a useful method for the preparation of alkynes and is widely used in the synthesis of organic compounds.

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