The NMDA receptor, the AMPA receptor, and the kainate receptor are three ionotropic glutamate ligand-gated ion channels.
NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate), AMPA (amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate), and kainic acid are the names of the agonists that cause these glutamate receptors to become active.
In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter. Both ligand-gated ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors, which are known as metabotropic receptors, are the two groups of receptors via which it functions.
The electrical charge of a message or signal causes neurotransmitter vesicles to leak into a fluid-filled gap that lies between nerve cells as the message passes along a nerve cell; in this example, glutamate.
To know about receptors
https://brainly.com/question/11985070
#SPJ4
What will happen if the ph of the solution containing this protein is changed from a neutral ph of 7 to an acidic ph 3?
The ionization of amino acid atoms and molecules as a result of a pH change can alter the shape and structure of proteins and impair their ability to perform their intended functions.
What are proteins?An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.
Because unbound protons or hydroxide ions change the protein's protonation state, the pH has an impact on a metalloprotein's redox potential.
Free protons can combine with basic nitrogen sites to increase the protein's positive charge (or lowering negative charge).
A pH change can cause amino acid atoms and molecules to ionise, changing the shape and structure of proteins and preventing them from carrying out their intended tasks.
Thus, this can be the result the pH of the solution containing protein is changed from a neutral pH of 7 to an acidic pH 3.
For more details regarding proteins, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29776206
#SPJ1
Why does disrupting the Calvin cycle impact the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. The Calvin cycle regenerates NADP+. B. The Calvin cycle regenerates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. C. The Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide. D. The Calvin cycle regenerates ADP. E. The Calvin cycle regenerates ATP.
The correct option is A; The Calvin cycle regenerates NADP+. As water is broken down, light-dependent reactions produce oxygen as a byproduct.
The chemical energy derived from light-dependent reactions drives both the capture of carbon in carbon dioxide molecules and the subsequent assembly of sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma. During the Calvin cycle, ADP, iP, and NADP are regenerated, and they are required for the production of ATP and NADPH during the light reaction. The Calvin cycle is required for light reactions; ATP and NADPH cannot be produced without it. As a result, the two photosynthesis processes are linked.
Learn more about Calvin cycle
https://brainly.com/question/17600594
#SPJ4
Which characteristic is NOT exhibited by BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes?
A. Phospholipid bilayer
B. Embedded proteins
C. Sterols
D. Selectively permeable barrier
E. Transport systems
Prokaryotic cells lack the phospholipid bilayer, microtubules, and Golgi apparatus, which are specific to eukaryotic cells.
Do eukaryotes and prokaryotes both have membrane-bound organelles?Both unicellular organisms are composed of eukaryotic cells, which are characterized as having organelles that are membrane-bound. Contrarily, prokaryotic cells are exclusively found in unicellular organisms and are devoid of any membrane-bound organelles.
Do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells both include cytoplasm?Both prokaryotes contain the cytoplasm, which serves to house the cellular organelles and provide an ideal environment for them. Protein synthesis or energy production are two complex metabolic processes that are carried out by cytoplasmic organelles.
To know more about microtubules visit:
https://brainly.com/question/12493051
#SPJ4
where would rna polymerase attach?
Transcription can begin when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA template strand. This enzyme then begins assembling a fresh chain of nucleotide to build a complementary strand of RNA.
What is the location of RNA polymerase?The nucleolus, a specialised nuclear substructure where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is translated, processed, and put together to form ribosomes, is where RNA polymerase I is found.
Is RNA polymerase found in the cytoplasm or nucleus?Cytoplasmic viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is primarily involved in the replication of viral genomes in the cytoplasm. However, the role of the picornaviral RdRp designated 3D polymerase (3Dpol), which also penetrates the host nucleus, is still unknown.
To know more about rna polymerase visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29771042
#SPJ1
Answer the question: Which is better at pollinating flowers: live bees or robotic bees?
Claim:
Evidence:
Reasoning:
Answer:
Live bees
Explanation:
don't be too lazy using Brainly it will help to do it yourself
What is taxonomy? Someone plss hel
An egg has 23 chromosomes is it haploid or diploid?
An egg cell with 23 chromosomes is considered diploid.
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent, for a total of 2n chromosomes. In the case of humans, each cell in the body contains 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs, which are present in diploid cells.
Haploid cells, on the other hand, contain only one set of chromosomes, or n chromosomes, and are typically found in reproductive cells such as sperm and eggs. Haploid cells are important because they ensure that each offspring receives a unique combination of genetic material from its parents.
So in the case of an egg cell with 23 chromosomes, it is considered diploid because it contains two sets of chromosomes, or 2n, rather than just one set of chromosomes, or n.
To know more about Haploid cells here
https://brainly.com/question/14259166
#SPJ4
temporalis muscles and their attachments describe the origin and the insertion of this muscle. how is this structure linked to the function?
The temporalis muscle runs superficially, from the temporal bone to the coronoid process of the mandible. The primary function of this muscle is to control the motions of the mandible at the temporomandibular joint, which in turn makes the process of mastication easier to perform.
The muscles of mastication are a group of muscles that include the temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles work together to grind, chew, and swallow food. The masseter muscle is located in the area of the cheek, while the medial and lateral pterygoids are located in the infratemporal fossa. The temporalis muscle is located in the temporal fossa.
Want to know more about the temporalis muscle visit the link which is given below;
https://brainly.com/question/28521722
#SPJ4
What are ketone bodies a byproduct of?
Ketone bodies are a byproduct of Lipolysis.Ketone bodies are water soluble molecules.
Ketone bodies, or just ketones are substances delivered by the liver during gluconeogenesis, a cycle that makes glucose in the midst of fasting and starvation. There are three ketone bodies created by the liver. They are acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and (CH₃)₂CO. These mixtures are utilized in sound people to give energy to the cells of the body when glucose is low or missing in the eating routine.
At the point when glucose levels are high in your body, it is in the middle of putting away the overabundance as fats, building proteins, and in everyday developing. This is known as the absorptive state. At the point when you quick, or are being famished, the glucose levels in your blood rapidly decline. This triggers the body to enter the postabsorptive state. In this express, the body begins changing over fat once more into unsaturated fats, glycogen into glucose, and even beginnings separating amino acids for energy.
To know more about ketones,visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/4439718
#SPJ4
how can fuel arrangement affect the behavior of a wildland fire?
a structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types and has discrete boundaries is called a(n)
An organ is defined as any anatomical structure with discernible structural boundaries, at least two distinct tissue types, and a distinct function distinct from the structures around it.
What do we mean by tissue?Simply put, tissues are groups of cells that have a similar shape and function. They form a cellular organisational level between cells and organ systems.
The four basic types of tissue are connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue holds other tissues together and supports them (bone, blood, and lymph tissues). Epithelial tissue serves as a covering (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body). The Old French word tissu, which means "a ribbon, belt, or piece of woven material," is where the noun tissue originates. As a verb, "weave fabric strands" is what tissue means. Tissues are now thought of as disposable paper used for wrapping gifts or blowing our noses.
Learn more about structure here: https://brainly.com/question/27211393
#SPJ4
based on information in this course, which statement accurately states anthropologists' understanding of primate culture and language?
Correct statement which accurately states anthropologists understanding is b)Non-human primates show some elements of culture and language and may be capable of full culture and language, but they have not developed this ability in the wild. So, correct option is b.
Anthropologists concentrate on the qualities of over a wide span of time human networks through different methods. In doing as such, they research and depict how various people groups of our reality lived since the beginning of time.
Anthropologists mean to study and present their human subjects in an unmistakable and unprejudiced manner. They endeavor to accomplish this by noticing subjects in their neighborhood climate. Anthropologists then, at that point, depict collaborations and customs, an interaction known as ethnography. By partaking in the regular daily existence of their subjects, anthropologists can more readily comprehend and make sense of the reason for neighborhood establishments, culture, and practices. This interaction is known as member perception.
As anthropologists concentrate on social orders and societies unique in relation to their own, they should assess their understandings to ensure they aren't one-sided. This inclination is known as ethnocentrism, or the propensity for survey all gatherings as second rate compared to another, generally their own, social gathering.
Hence, correct option is b.
To know more about anthropologists, visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/17595144
#SPJ4
(Complete question) is:
Based on information in this course, which statement accurately states anthropologists' understanding of primate culture and language?
a) Non-human primates show some elements of culture and language but are not capable of full culture and language.
b)Non-human primates show some elements of culture and language and may be capable of full culture and language, but they have not developed this ability in the wild.
c)Infant non-human primates are capable of culture and language, but they lose this ability as they mature.
d) Non-human primates do not have any of the qualities associated with culture and language.
What is the proper statement that describes how thyroxine and/or TRH levels are maintained? a. TSH inhibits the secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland. b. TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) inhibits the secretion of thyroxine by the thyroid gland. c. Thyroxine stimulates the pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). d. Thyroxine and TSH inhibit the secretion of TSH-releasing hormone (TRH)
The proper statement that describes how thyroxine and/or TRH levels are maintained is: D. Thyroxine and TSH inhibit the secretion of TSH-releasing hormone (TRH).
In general , the hypothalamus is responsible for the production of TRH, which is produced by the help of anterior pituitary gland that also mediate the secretion of TSH. When the TSH is secreted it will work on the thyroid gland and assists production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
On the other hand the negative feed back loop gets activated when the levels of T4 and T3 is increased in the blood , they inhibit the secretion of TRH and TSH . This negative feed back loop is important in the proper maintenance of levels of T4 and T3 in the blood.
Hence, D is the correct option
To learn more about Thyroxine , here
brainly.com/question/30001253
#SPJ4
the crystal violet bottle was accidentally filled with iodine. what color will gram-positive cells appear?
The crystal violet used to stain the cells of gram-positive bacteria is retained by the presence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Describe iodine.A mineral called iodine is present in various meals. Iodine is required by the body to generate thyroid hormones. These hormones regulate a variety of vital bodily processes, including metabolism. Thyroid hormones are also required by the body for healthy bone and brain development during pregnancy and infancy.
Everyone should consume adequate iodine, especially children and expectant mothers. Your age determines how much iodine you require daily. Below is a list of typical daily suggested dosages in micrograms (mcg). Iodine is found naturally in some foods and is also added to salt that is labeled as “iodized”.
Learn more about iodine with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/16867213
#SPJ4
6. the fossils of a rare flying animal are found in a layer rock. which information can be gathered by studying the fossil?
The information that can be gathered by studying the fossil is where the animal died.
Fossils are preserved remain(s), impression, or trace of any once-living thing that was living from a past geological age. They are mostly found in the form of bones, shells, exoskeletons, and stone imprints; but some objects are also preserved in petrified wood, amber, or even DNA remnants.
The major information that can be gathered from a fossil is the place where the organism died. With the current technology and techniques, you can also estimate the age of the fossil by measuring the age of the rock where it is found.
Learn more about fossil at https://brainly.com/question/29638332
#SPJ4
which example describes an abiotic factor interracting with a biotic factor? Lower Water temperatures increase oxygen concentration in the water. More light allows plants to grow. Bears feed on salmon. squirrels use trees as homes.
'Tropical Fish need warm water to survive' is an example of an abiotic factor interacting with a biotic factor.
What exactly do you mean by abiotic factor?
Abiotic factors are physical and chemical components of an environment that affect the growth and survival of organisms. Examples of abiotic factors include temperature, light, humidity, water, wind, pH, and soil.
A biotic factor is any living organism or component of an ecosystem, while an abiotic factor is a non-living part of the environment. In this example, the warm water is an abiotic factor, and the tropical fish is a biotic factor. The warm water is essential for the survival of the tropical fish, so the abiotic factor is interacting with the biotic factor.
To know more about abiotic,
https://brainly.com/question/19623109
#SPJ1
Correct form of question:
Which example describes an abiotic factor interacting with a biotic?
A.Tropical Fish need warm water to survive.
B. High water temperature is decreased oxygen concentration in the water.
C. More light increases the water temperature.
D. Small fish are good for larger fish.
Answer: C: More light allows plants to grow
Explanation: k12 test 1.04
which two reactions could you compare to assess whether a species specific interaction between tfiib and rna polymerase is needed for transcription?
To assess whether a species-specific interaction between TFIIB and RNA polymerase is needed for transcription, you could compare the transcriptional activity of two different systems: one where TFIIB and RNA polymerase interact normally, and one where this interaction is disrupted.
The addition of inhibitors that prevent the binding of TFIIB to RNA polymerase is one technique to interfere with the interaction. A different method is to alter the TFIIB protein so that it loses its ability to interact to RNA polymerase. You may assess whether the interaction between TFIIB and RNA polymerase is necessary for transcription in that species by comparing the levels of transcription in these two systems.
If transcription relies on the regular contact between TFIIB and RNA polymerase, then the disruption of this interaction should result in less transcription. On the other side, if the interaction is not required, the interruption shouldn't have an impact on the transcription levels.
To know more about transcription, click here,
brainly.com/question/1048150
#SPJ4
Which body part develops in regions with a low concentration of Bicoid protein?ThoraxHeadAbdomen
Option a. The Thorax and the mid-region foster in districts with a low centralization of protein in natural product flies (Drosophila melanogaster).
Bicoid protein assumes a critical part in deciding the foremost back pivot of the creating fly undeveloped organism and is engaged with the guideline of quality articulation. In districts with a high grouping of Bicoid protein, the head creates, while in locales with a low fixation, the chest and the mid-region create.
Bicoid protein is a vital participant in deciding the body plan of creating natural product fly undeveloped organisms. It goes about as a morphogen, meaning it impacts quality articulation in a fixation subordinate way. The protein is most noteworthy in focus at the foremost finish of the undeveloped organism, prompting the advancement of the head. In districts of lower fixation, the chest and mid-region create. Bicoid is answerable for laying out the front back pivot and guaranteeing legitimate body division. Concentrating on its conduct in natural product flies has given significant bits of knowledge into how creatures structure their bodies during advancement.
To learn more about Bicoid protein, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/29580131
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
Which body part develops in regions with a low concentration of Bicoid protein?
a. Thorax
b. Head
c. Abdomen
Choose ALL the correct statements about vitamins.
Your body can build most of the vitamins it needs.
Vitamins are organic compounds found in food.
Vitamins are a source of fuel for the body.
Hypervitaminosis (too much of a vitamin) is more likely to happen with a fat-soluble vitamin than a water- soluble vitamin.
Which are correct^ help!!
Answer:
B and D should be correct.
Explanation:
A is incorrect because food and proteins can help build fuel for you body, which is the same as vitamins.
B is correct because vitamins are organic compounds found in very small amounts in food and required for normal functioning—indeed, for survival. Humans are able to synthesize certain vitamins to some extent. For example, vitamin D is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight; niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan; and vitamin K and biotin are synthesized by bacteria living in the gut.
C is incorrect because while vitamins are good for your body, food is also great and something you need to live. Getting nutrients and proteins from food is essential and a need in life.
D is correct because some vitamins from B-complex, hypervitaminosis usually occurs with the fat-soluble vitamins A and D, which are stored, respectively, in the liver and fatty tissues of the body. These vitamins build up and remain for a longer time in the body than water-soluble vitamins. Taking too many vitamins without food or water isn't healthy, and is not giving your body is proper nutrition levels!!
I hope this helps! :)
where does hair growth occur? where does hair growth occur? hair medulla hair matrix hair shaft hair cuticle hair cortex
The papilla (pronounced puh-PILL-uh) is located at the bottom of the follicle and is where hair development occurs. The papilla includes an artery that feeds the hair root.
Cells grow and produce keratin to harden the structure, which is then pushed up the follicle and through the skin's surface as a hair shaft.
Growth begins in the root (dermal papilla) of your hair follicle, which supplies your hair with blood and nutrients. Each month, your hair grows roughly 1 centimeter.
Each hair is anchored into the skin by a hair follicle. The hair bulb is the foundation of the hair follicle. Living cells divide and proliferate in the hair bulb to form the hair shaft. The cells in the body are nourished by blood arteries.
Learn more about shaft hair
https://brainly.com/question/5316232
#SPJ4
the pulmonary veins a. contain deoxygenated blood. b. leave the hilum at a slightly lower level than the bronchi and pulmonary arteries. c. are considered part of the systemic circulatory system. d. all of the above
Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is:A. steepest and temperature is highestB. steepest and temperature is at body temperatureC. slightest and temperature is highestD. slightest and temperature is at body temperatureE. slightest and temperature is lowest
A. When the temperature is highest and the concentration gradient is steepest, the diffusion rate is at its fastest.
The movement of molecules from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area is known as diffusion. The rate at which molecules will diffuse is determined by the steepness of the concentration gradient, which is the difference in concentration between two points. Molecules will move more quickly to equalize the concentration when the gradient is steep because there is a large difference in concentration.
The rate of diffusion is also affected by temperature. The molecules' kinetic energy increases with temperature, making it more likely that they will collide and move from a high-concentration area to a low-concentration area. The diffusion rate will be greatest at high temperatures.
In conclusion, the response to the question is A. highest temperature and steepest.
Know more about diffusion here: https://brainly.com/question/29787215
#SPJ4
what do you think are some advantages of using a cladogram to classify primates? what are some disadvantages?
Answer:
Cladograms are limited because they do not show how ancestors are related to living species, only that there is a relationship between the various species. Cladograms also do not show the ways in which species have evolved over time.
Explanation:
What is the mechanism by which species adapt to their environment in order to survive?
For a species to thrive, it must change with its surroundings. Natural selection is the process in question.
Natural selection is a biological process in which a species' environment promotes particular qualities and those who can reproduce and survive pass those traits on to their progeny. The population evolves and adapts to the environment throughout time to live.
For instance, a species may acquire characteristics like increased speed, improved camouflage, and stronger senses if it is exposed to predators.
A species may acquire characteristics like longer snouts, more powerful claws, and more effective digestive systems if it is exposed to a new source of food. The species gradually evolves and changes to fit its environment by passing on these advantageous qualities to future generations.
Learn more about the adaptation:
https://brainly.com/question/29768035
#SPJ4
subunits called _______ are the building blocks of nucleic acids, as determined by scientists by 1930
By the year 1930, scientists had discovered that nucleic acids are composed of components called nucleotides.
What do nucleotides mean?a molecule made composed of a nitrogen-containing base, such as adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine in Cd; adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine in RNA; a phosphate group; and a sugar, such as deoxyribose in Genetic code; ribose in RNA.
What are nucleotides, and what do they do?The basic units of RNA and DNA are nucleotides. They have genetic material. Coenzymes, such as nucleotides, are necessary for enzymes to catalyze various biological processes. In our bodies, energy is kept in the form of ATP.
To know more about nucleotides visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30299889
#SPJ1
The fish in a certain population average 10 millimeters in length. Imagine that a population of predatory birds arrives in the area, but they cannot eat fish longer than 15 millimeters. After many, if the fish averaged 14 millimeters in length, what probably happened?
It is likely that the population of fish underwent a process of natural selection in order to adjust to the presence of the predatory birds.
The fish that were able to survive the predation pressure were those that were able to grow to lengths greater than 15 millimeters, as they were the ones that were able to evade being eaten. Over time, this selection pressure caused the average length of the fish population to increase, leading to the average length of the fish being 14 millimeters.
This process of natural selection is an important part of evolution, as it allows species to adapt to changing environments and survive in the face of changing conditions.
Learn more about the fish stock :
https://brainly.com/question/14944553
#SPJ4
How did the information produced by the Human Genome Project help the development of medicine?
Answer & Explanation: The Human Genome Project (HGP) created the a sequence of the human genome. This advanced medicine in a way that no one could of imagined. Because of the HGP the medical community might be able to identify an undiagnosed disease. Genomic analysis may help identify a diagnosis. Because of the HGP we have fast, large-scale, low-cost DNA sequencing. This has pushed genomics into "mainstream" medicine. This gives doctors the ability to diagnose inherited diseases, target cancer treatments, and identify health risks.
eukaryotic cells a. have cell walls with peptidoglycan. b. are usually smaller than prokaryotic cells. c. do not usually have a nucleus. d. have membrane-bound organelles. e. have nucleoids.
Eukaryotic cells have d)have membrane-bound organelles.So,correct option is d.
Eukaryotic cells have a core encased inside the atomic layer and structure huge and complex creatures. Protozoa, organisms, plants, and creatures all have eukaryotic cells. They are characterized under the realm Eukaryota.
The features of eukaryotic cells are as per the following:
Eukaryotic cells have the core encased inside the atomic layerThe cell has mitochondria.Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in an eukaryotic cell.A cell wall is the furthest layer of the eukaryotic cells.The phones partition by a cycle called mitosis.The eukaryotic cells contain a cytoskeletal structure.The core contains a solitary, straight DNA, which conveys all the hereditary data.They can keep up with various conditions in a solitary cell that permits them to do different metabolic responses. This assists them with developing commonly bigger than the prokaryotic cells.
Organelles that are layer bound are cell structures that are encased or covered by a natural film. The film is regularly comprised of a solitary or twofold layer of lipids with blended proteins.
Hence,correct option is d.
To know more about eukaryotic cells,visit here:
https://brainly.com/question/982048
#SPJ4
one type of rna editing converts cs to us, thereby affecting what amino acid is translated by some codons. how many codons in the genetic code would not be affected by such a change?
Only codons that include the letter C might be impacted. The information contained in a gene's DNA is transferred to an analogous molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus during transcription.
Frameshift mutations were caused by the insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotides. DNA is a flexible and dynamic molecule. As a result, due to a process known as mutation, the nucleotide sequences found therein are liable to alter. A particular mutation may prove harmless, beneficial, or even harmful depending on how it changes the genetic structure of an organism. The protein's functionality could be affected by the amino acid alteration.
To know more about RNA, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/25979866
#SPJ4
what is the % of water inside the cell if 10% is inside the cell and 90%is outside?
Answer:
The percentage of water inside the cell if 10% is inside and 90% is outside is 10%.