The question is incomplete. The complete question is,
Presently, Stock A pays a dividend of $1.00 a share, and you expect the dividend to grow rapidly for the next four years at 20 percent. Thus the dividend payments will be
Year Dividend
1 $1.20
2 1.44
3 1.73
4 2.07
After this initial period of super growth, the rate of increase in the dividend should decline to 8 percent. If you want to earn 12 percent on investments in common stock, what is the maximum you should pay for this stock?
Answer:
The maximum that should be paid for the stock today is $40.29
Explanation:
We will use the two stage dividend growth model of DDM to calculate the price of the stock today. The DDM values the stock based on the present value of the expected future dividends from the stock. The formula for price under the two stage model is,
P0 = D1 / (1+r) + D2 / (1+r)^2 + ... + Dn / (1+r)^n + [Dn * (1+g2) / (r - g2)] / (1+r)^n
P0 = 1.2 / (1+0.12) + 1.44 / (1+0.12)^2 + 1.73 / (1+0.12)^3 + 2.07 * (1+0.12)^4 +
[2.07 * (1+0.08) / (0.12 - 0.08)] / (1+0.12)^4
P0 = $40.2853 rounded off to $40.29
In newspaper advertising, ________ advertising includes copy, illustrations or photos, headlines, coupons, and other visual components.
Answer: Display
Explanation: Display advertising is a form of commercial solicitation that is made to sell some commodity, service or similar and is typically designed as an image or a photo. As such, it employs the use of visuals like images, copy, illustrations or photos, headlines, coupons, videos and other visual components on the networks of publishers.
You own a portfolio that has $2,800 invested in Stock A and $3,900 invested in Stock B. Assume the expected returns on these stocks are 9 percent and 15 percent, respectively. What is the expected return on the portfolio
Answer:
12.5%
Explanation:
A portfolio has $2,800 invested in stock A
$3,900 is invested in stock B
The expected return of stock A is 9%
= 9/100
= 0.09
The expected return of stock B is 15%
= 15/100
= 0.15
The first step is to calculate the total value
= $2,800+$3,900
= $6,700
Therefore, the expected return on the portfolio can be calculated as follows
= (2,800/6,700)×0.09 + (3,900/6,700)×0.15
= 0.4179×0.09 + 0.5820×0.15
= 0.03761 + 0.0873
= 0.1249×100
= 12.5%
Hence the expected return on the portfolio is 12.5%
Which of the following scenarios would be included in GDP? Pam buys a new 40-inch television at Walmart. Sandra is a waitress at Morton’s Steakhouse. She receives a cash tip of $50 that she pockets and does not report. Miguel won $100 in his office fantasy football league. Darius unclogs the drain in his sink using the plunger he owns.
Answer:
A. Pam buys a new 40-inch television at Walmart.
Explanation:
Gross Domestic Product is the sum monetary value of goods and services purchased in a country within a specific length of time. It can be calculated on an annual or quarterly basis. It helps economists in making decisions. The GDP has to be recorded so that it can be accounted for. The GDP is calculated based on income, expenditure, or production.
From the options given, only Pam has performed an activity that can be rightly included in GDP. This is because she purchased an item (expenditure) that would be recorded by the supermarket and eventually accounted for in the country's GDP.
Karla Salons leased equipment from Smith Co. on July 1, 2021, in a finance lease. The present value of the lease payments discounted at 8% was $61,600. Ten annual lease payments of $8,500 are due each year beginning July 1, 2021. Smith Co. had constructed the equipment recently for $53,500, and its retail fair value was $61,600. The total decrease in earnings (pretaxed) in daltons december 31, 2021 income statement would be (ignore taxes):_____.
a. $3,296.
b. $6,376.
c. $4,928.
d. $5,204.
Answer:
d. $5,204
Explanation:
Interest expenses up to December 31, 2020 = (Total present value of lease payment - Lease payment on July 2021) * 8% * 6/12
= $61,600 - $8,500 * 8% * 6/12
= $53,100 * 8% * 6/12
= $2,124
Depreciation Expenses up to December 31, 2021
= Fair value of equipment / Useful life * 6/12
= ($61,600 / 10) *6/12
= $6,160 * 6/12
= $3,080
Therefore, the total decrease in earnings (Pretax) in Larlas December 31, 2021 Income statement would be
= Interest expenses + Depreciation Expenses
= $2,124 + $3,080
= $5,204
ou are considering a project with cash flows of $16,500, $25,700, and $18,000 at the end of each year for the next three years, respectively. What is the present value of these cash flows, given a discount rate of 9.7 percent
Answer:
Total PV= $50,032
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
$16,500, $25,700, and $18,000
Cf1= $16,500
Cf2= $25,700
Cf3= $18,000
Discount rate= 9.7%
To calculate the present value, we need to use the following formula:
PV= FV/(1+i)^n
Cf1= 16,500/(1.097)= 15,041
Cf2= 25,700/1.097^2= 21,356
Cf3= 18,000/1.097^3= 13,635
Total PV= $50,032
Division X makes a part with the following characteristics:
Production capacity in units 33,500
Selling price to outside customers $23
Variable cost per unit $17
Fixed cost, total $100,400
Division Y, another division of the same company would like to purchase 14,300 units of the part each period from Division X. Division Y is now purchasing these parts from an outside supplier at a price of $19 each.
Suppose Division X has ample idle capacity to handle all of Division Y's needs without any increase in fixed costs and without cutting into sales to outside customers. If Division X refuses to accept the $19 price internally and Division Y continues to buy from the outside supplier, the company as a whole will be:_________.
a. worse off by $85,800 each period.
b. better off by $57,200 each period.
c. worse off by $28,600 each period.
d. worse off by $114,400 each period.
Answer:
If Division X refuses to accept the $19 price internally and Division Y continues to buy from the outside supplier, the company as a whole will be:_________.
c. worse off by $28,600 each period.
Explanation:
The $28,600 loss the company incurs is from the lost contribution that Division Y's purchase of Division X's parts could have brought to the company if it buys parts inhouse. This is calculated as follows:
Division X's variable cost per unit = $17
Division X's selling price to outside customers = $23
Division Y's offered buying price = $19
The contribution = $2 ($19 - $17)
In which of the following ways does Zappos achieve organizational control?
A.
It continually changes the organizational values that guide its employees.
B.
It refrains from monitoring its employees' calls.
C.
It encourages employees to be creative and innovate and to go the extra mile to deliver a wonderful customer experience.
D.
It enforces that each group member's compensation depends in part on the group's overall productivity.
Answer:
D.
It enforces that each group member's compensation depends in part on the group's overall productivity.
Explanation:
Zappos is an online company that retails shoes and clothes. They have an extremely flat organisational structure that promotes employee involvement in major business decisions.
For example it allows its customer service employees attend to customers in their own way rather than following a script.
One way Zappos has maintained organisational control is by each group member's compensation depending in part on the group's overall productivity.
This strategy ties the employee compensation to the company's performance, so they are motivated to put in their best.
The natural rate of unemployment is the unemployment rate at which the inflation rate has no tendency to increase or decrease. However, the natural rate of unemployment is not fixed. What causes changes in the natural rate of unemployment?
Answer:
The natural rate of unemployment = frictional unemployment + structural unemployment. it doesn't include cyclical unemployment because the natural rate of unemployment can only occur when the economy is growing while the cyclical unemployment happens when the economy stops growing or falls in a recession.
The factors that affect the natural rate of unemployment are imperfections in the labor market (e.g. minimum wages or taxes associated to employment), or employees that cannot adjust to changes in the economy, the labor market or even our normal daily lives (e.g. it is extremely difficult for someone that doesn't know how to use a computer to find a job nowadays, and this is a permanent change that applies almost everywhere).
There is no such thing as 0 unemployment, because people are always looking for better jobs and the skills necessary for performing certain jobs keep changing. Some abnormal events like the current health pandemic also increase the natural rate of unemployment, at least temporarily. Other factors that may decrease the natural rate of unemployment are wars, e.g. with WWII there was a labor shortage.
Amble Inc. exchanged a truck with a book value of $12,000 and a fair value of $20,000 for a truck and $5,000 cash. The exchange has commercial substance. At what amount should Amble record the truck received
Answer:
$20,000
Explanation:
Based on the information given about Amble Inc the amount that Amble should record the truck received should be $20,000 because the book value is the amount of $12,000.
Secondly since we were told that the exchange has commercial substance which means that the amount of $20,000 which is the fair value of the truck which the buyer is willing to buy from the seller should be the amount that Amble should record the truck received .
Therefore Amble should record the truck received at the amount of $20,000
An arrangement in which brokers pool their listings and all commissions are divided between the listing broker and the selling broker is
Answer:
Multiple listing.
Explanation:
An arrangement in which brokers pool their listings and all commissions are divided between the listing broker and the selling broker is referred to as a multiple listing.
A multiple listing is a service used by a group of real estate brokers to formulate contractual offers of compensation and share informations about their various listings of property for sale, so as to enhance appraisals (commissions).
The rate that yields a net present value of zero for an investment is the: Multiple Choice Internal rate of return. Accounting rate of return. Net present value rate of return. Zero rate of return. Payback rate of return.
Answer: Internal rate of return
Explanation:
The Internal Rate of Return is a financial analysis measure that yields a net present value of zero for an investment. In so doing it can be used to determine the financial viability of a project.
It does this by telling the company which required rate of return will return a positive NPV because the logic is that if the Required Rate of Return for the project is lower than the IRR, it will yield an NPV greater than 0 which is what the IRR was able to yield because it would discount the cashflows less.
Determine the center of gravity location for a company that wants to serve customers located in Chicago, Detroit, Indianapolis, and Cincinnati. Market Latitude Longitude Population in Matrix Chicago 41.85 87.65 3,850,000 Detroit 42.33 83.05 891,100 Indianapolis 39.77 86.15 828,300 Cincinnati 39.14 84.48 283,300
Answer:
41.49 and 86.58
Explanation:
The computation of the center of gravity location for a company is shown below:
For latitude
= (41.85 × 3,850,000 + 42.33 × 891,100 + 39.77 × 828,300 + 39.14 × 283,300) ÷ (3,850,000 + 891,100 + 828,300 + 283,300)
= (161,122,500 + 37,720,263 + 32,941,491 + 11,088,362) ÷ (5,852,700)
= 41.49
For longitude
= (87.65 × 3,850,000 + 83.05 × 891,100 + 86.15 × 828,300 + 84.48 × 283,300) ÷ (3,850,000 + 891,100 + 828,300 + 283,300)
= (337,452,500 + 7,4005,855 + 71,358,045 + 23,933,184) ÷ (5,852,700)
= 86.58
Lough Company prepared the following purchases budget: Month Budgeted Purchases June July August September October All purchases are paid for as follows: % two months after purchase, % in the following month, and % in the month of purchase. What are the cash disbursements in October to account for the September purchases at Lough Company?
Answer: $21,150
Explanation:
The company pays 45% of the purchases amount in the month after the purchase. This will therefore apply to October for the month of September.
Cash Disbursement in October for September Purchase = 45% * September purchases
= 45% * 47,000
= $21,150
A company's normal selling price for its product is $23 per unit. However, due to market competition, the selling price has fallen to $18 per unit. This company's current FIFO inventory consists of 230 units purchased at $19 per unit. Net realizable value has fallen to $16 per unit. Calculate the value of this company's inventory at the lower of cost or market.
a. $3,780
b. $3,630
c. $4,370
d. $4,140
e. $3,680
Answer:
e. $3,680
Explanation:
Calculation for the value of this company's inventory at the lower of cost or market.
Using this formula
Inventory value at lower of cost= Current FIFO inventory units × Fallen Net realizable value per unit
Let plug in the formula
Inventory value at lower of cost=230 units× $16 per unit
Inventory value at lower of cost=$3,680
Therefore the value of the company's inventory at the lower of cost or market will be $3,680
When the opportunity cost of producing a good rises as you produce more of it, you experience:_______.
a. increasing marginal utility.
b. inferior goods.
c. normative economics.
d. downward-sloping demand.
e. increasing relative costs.
Answer:
e. increasing relative costs.
Explanation:
The law of increasing relative costs is a principle in economics which states that, the opportunity cost of producing a good would always increase as more of the product is being produced.
Hence, when the opportunity cost of producing a good rises as you produce more of it, you experience increasing relative costs because the factors of production (capital, labor and land) are now at a maximum level of output.
Furthermore, the opportunity cost, also known as the alternative forgone, can be defined as the value, gains or benefits given up by an individual or organization in order to choose or acquire something deemed significant at the time.
Simply stated, it is the cost of not enjoying the benefits, gains or value associated with the alternative forgone or best alternative choice available.
Night shades inc. (NSI) manufactures biotech sunglasses. The variable materials cost is $10.70 per unit, and the variable labor costs is $6.30 per unit.
A. What is the variable cost per unit?
B. Suppose NSI incurs fixed costs of $660,000 during a year in which total production is 280,000 units. What are the total costs for the year?
C. If the selling price is $44.50 per unit, what is the cash break-even point? If depreciation is $460,000 per year, what is the accounting break-even point?
Answer and Explanation:
A. The computation of variable cost per unit is shown below:-
Variable cost = Variable material cost + Variable labor cost
= $10.70 + $6.30
= $17
B. The computation of total costs for the year is shown below:-
Total cost = Variable cost + Fixed cost
= $280,000 × $17 + $660,000
= $5,420,000
C. The computation of cash break-even point and accounting break-even point is shown below:-
Contribution = Selling price - Variable cost
= $44.50 - $17
= $27.5
Cash break even point = Fixed cost ÷ Contribution per unit
= $660,000 ÷ $27.50
= 24,000 units
Break even point = (Fixed cost + Depreciation) ÷ Contribution per unit
= ($660,000 + $460,000) ÷ $27.5
= $1,120,000 ÷ $27.5
= 40,727.27 units
or
= 40,728 units
Which one of the following is not one of the major drivers of unethical managerial behavior?
a) Overzealous pursuit of wealth and other selfish interests
b) The pervasiveness of immoral and amoral businesspeople
c) Strong motivations among business organizations to outcompete rivals and, hopefully, to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage over rivals
d) Heavy pressures on company managers to meet or beat earnings targets
e) A company culture that puts profitability and good business performance ahead of ethical behavior
Answer:
d) Heavy pressures on company managers to meet or beat earnings targets
Explanation:
Unethical managerial behavior refers to the certain behaviors and approaches that the managers adopt in running the business. These behaviors include lack of interests, adopting shortcut methods, lack of effort, misleading the information, and adopting inhumane methods. Taking undue credits, following favoritism, and harassing the employees fall into the category of unethical managerial behavior.
From the given options, the option (d) is not one of the major drivers of unethical managerial behavior. Heavy pressure and means to handle them are the jobs confined to the managers.
A registered representative (RR) is recommending to his client a newly issued debt security backed by the U.S. government with a maturity of eight years. This security is most likely
Answer:
a debt instrument known as a Treasury note
Explanation:
Treasury note is a United States government debt security that has a fixed interest rate and maturity of between 1 to 10 years.
Treasury notes can have competitive bid or non competitive bid.
Competitive bid occurs when buyers determine yield they want, but they have to wait for approval by the government.
Non competitive bidding is when buyers accept the yield offered at auction.
In this scenario where a registered representative (RR) is recommending to his client a newly issued debt security backed by the U.S. government with a maturity of eight years. This is most likely treasury notes.
The major components of a time series are all of the following EXCEPT: trend. seasonality. random variations. inflation. cycles.
Answer: inflation
Explanation: Inflation is an increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living and is not a part of the major components of a time series which is defined as a set of data points, each of which represents the value of the same variable at different times, normally at uniform intervals. It consists of: seasonal variations (repeats over a specific period), trend variations (moves up or down in a reasonably predictable pattern), cyclical variations (corresponds with economic cycles or which sometimes follow their own peculiar cycles), and random variations that do not fall under any of the above classes.
According to Keynes, if aggregate income is too high (i.e, an inflationary gap is developing) the government should use contractionary fiscal policy
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
According to Keynes, if aggregate income is too high (i.e, an inflationary gap is developing) the government should use contractionary fiscal policy.
Fiscal policy in economics deals with government expenditure and income.
Therefore, c fiscal policy is a monetary measure which involves a reduction in government spending or an increase in tax. It is used to reduce the rates of monetary expansion by putting limits on the flow of money in the economy.
Contractionary fiscal policy is used to control inflation in an economy.
Expansionary fiscal policy is the opposite of contractionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal policy is the increase in government spending and a decrease in tax. It is used to control deflationary gap.
The Retained Earnings balance was $24,100 on January 1. Net income for the year was $19,900. If Retained Earnings had a credit balance of $26,200 after closing entries were made for the year, and if additional stock of $6,400 was issued during the year, what was the amount of dividends declared during the year?
Please see attachment as well there is a problem that I need help as well....Thank You!
Answer: $17800
Explanation:
The opening balance of Retained earnings = $24,100
Net Income for the year = $19,900
Closing balance of Retained earnings = $ 26,200
The, the amount of dividends declared during the year = (opening balance) +(Net Income) -( Closing balance)
= $ (24100+19900-26200)
= $17800
Hence, the amount of dividends declared during the year is $17800.
Which of the following inventory models does not assume that the inventory position is monitored continuously?
a. periodic review with probabilistic demand model
b. quantity discounts for the EOQ model
c. inventory model with planned shortages
d. economic production quantity model
Answer: periodic review with probabilistic demand model
Explanation:
The inventory models does not assume that the inventory position is monitored continuously is the periodic review with probabilistic demand model.
In this situation, it implies that the position of the inventory can be checked periodically rather than continuously like in the other options given.
The effectiveness of _____ as an influence tactic depends on characteristics of the power holder, message content, communication medium, and the audience.
Answer:
persuasion.
Explanation:
Persuasion is an influence tactic used to convince someone to do something.
In the workplace it can be a very effective tool for managers and salespeople.
Therefore, to be effective, your content must be aligned to your audience. It is necessary that the agent who will carry out the persuasion knows his audience to then identify what are his main characteristics and then develop an appropriate message.
For a manager, making a persuasive speech can convince employees to accept changes implemented in the organization, but the speech must be well thought out and delivered in a way that contains elements that justify the reason for what is being explained, in addition to being a clear communication and honest.
For salespeople, a persuasive speech can convince the customer to buy a product or service offered according to their rational and emotional motivations, if the persuasion agent knows how to analyze them and shape their speech according to the customer.
Selected transactions completed by Equinox Products Inc. during the fiscal year ended December 31, 20Y8, were as follows:
a. Issued 15,000 shares of $20 par common stock at $30, receiving cash.
b. Issued 4,000 shares of $80 par preferred 5% stock at $100, receiving cash.
c. Issued $500,000 of 10-year, 5% bonds at 104, with interest payable semiannually.
d. Declared a quarterly dividend of $0.50 per share on common stock and $1.00 per share on preferred stock. On the date of record, 100,000 shares of common stock were outstanding, no treasury shares were held, and 20,000 shares of preferred stock were outstanding.
Required:
Journalize the selected transactions.
Answer:
part a.
Cash $450,000 (debit)
Common Stock $300,000 (credit)
Share Premium $150,000 (credit)
part b.
Cash $400,000 (debit)
Preferred Stock $320,000 (credit)
Share Premium $80,000 (credit)
part c.
Cash $500,000 (debit)
Bonds Payable $500,000 (credit)
part d.
Dividend Declared - common stock $50,000 (debit)
Dividend Declared - preferred stock $20,000 (debit)
Shareholders for Dividends $70,000 (credit)
Explanation:
For par value stock, any price paid in excess of the par value of that stock is accounted for in the share premium reserve of that stock.
When a dividend is declared, recognize the equity element - dividend declared for the class of equity that is entitled to the dividend to the extent of the stocks outstanding on the date the dividend is declared.Also recognize a liability - Shareholders for Dividends arising from the obligation that the entity has created (through the declaration) to its stockholders
Lie Around Furniture manufactures two products: Couches and Beds. The following data are available: Couches Beds Sales price Variable costs The company can manufacture either couches per machine hour or bed(s) per machine hour. The company's production capacity is machine hours per month. To maximize profits, what product and how many units should the company produce in a month?
Answer:
the company should produce 5,200 / 0.5 = 10,400 beds, resulting in a gross profit of $3,692,000
Explanation:
The numbers are missing, so i looked them up:
sales price variable costs machine hours
Couches $550 $350 0.333
Beds $750 $395 0.5
total machine hours = 5,200
the constraint here is machine hours, so we must determine the contribution margin per machine hour:
couches = $200 / 0.333 = $600beds = $355 / 0.5 = $710since the contribution margin per machine hour is higher for beds, then the company should produce 5,200 / 0.5 = 10,400 beds, resulting in a gross profit of $3,692,000
Toni Prevosti is opening a new business, Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse, which is a small company that will harvest, refine, and sell maple syrup products. In subsequent chapters, you will have the opportunity to establish payroll records and complete payroll information for Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse.
Toni has decided that she needs to hire employees for the business to grow. Complete the application for Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse’s Employer Identification Number (Form SS-4) with the following information:
Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse is located at 820 Westminster Road, Bridgewater, Vermont, 05520 (which is also Ms. Prevosti's home address), phone number 802-555-3456. Bridgewater is in Windsor County. Toni, the responsible party for a Limited Liability Corporation with one member, has decided that Prevosit Farms and Sugarhouse will pay its employees on a biweekly basis. Toni’s social security number is 055-22-0443. The beginning date of the business is February 1, 2017. Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse will use a calendar year as its accounting year. Toni anticipates that she will need to hire six employees initially for the business, three of whom will be agricultural and three who will be office workers. The first date of wage disbursement will be February 13, 2017. Toni has not had a prior EIN.
Prepare Form SS-4 for Prevosti Farms.
Please find full question and answer attached
Answer and Explanation:
We have attached the form SS-4 and filled the details necessary for Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse's application for Employment identification number(EIN) using the information in the question. Note :Employment identification number(EIN) here is issued to Prevosti Farms and Sugarhouse by IRS here for the purposes of tax filing and reporting.
Redding Industrial Supply had common stock of $6,800 and retained earnings of $4,925 at the beginning of the year. At the end of the year, the common stock balance is $7,000 and the retained earnings account balance is $5,498. The net income for the year is $938. What is the retention ratio?
Answer:
61.09 %
Explanation:
For computing the retention ratio we need to do the following calculations
Beginning Retained earnings = $4,925
And,
Net Income = $938
So, before dividend Retained earnings is
= $4,925 + $938
= $5,863
Now the total amount paid is
= before dividend Retained earnings - ending retained earnings
= $5,863 - $5,498
= $365
Now
The Dividend payout ratio is
= Dividend paid ÷ Net Income
= $365 ÷ $938
= 0.389126
And, finally
Retention ratio is
= 1 - Dividend payout ratio
= 1 - 0.389126
= 0.610874 or 61.09 %
Gore Global is considering the two mutually exclusive projects below. The cash flows from the projects are summarized below.
Year ManBearPig Project Cash Flow Flying Car Cash Flow
0 -$100,000 -$200,000
1 25,000 50,000
2 25,000 50,000
3 50,000 80,000
4 50,000 100,000
What is the Flying Car's internal rate of return (IRR) at a 12% cost of capital?
A) 12.7%
B) 14.6%
C) 15.9%
D) 13.0%
E) 10.0%
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
IRR can be calculated with a financial calculator
Flying Car
Cash flow in year 0 = -$200,000
Cash flow in year 1 = 50,000
Cash flow in year 2 = 50,000
Cash flow in year 3 =80,000
Cash flow in year 4 =100,000
IRR = 13%
To find the IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button.
How would economists go about analyzing the likely influence of a forecast of heavy snow on the quantity of tickets sold for the Nutcracker ballet
Answer and Explanation:
Learning of a snow storm on the day of the ballet will definitely affect ticket sales. Economists should consider the distance, history of attendance and demographics of people attending (young, old or married people) in analyzing turn out for the ballet. Influencing the ticket sales in this situation could also be helped by lower prices for tickets and aggressive promotion and campaigning. This are all under assumption that people will react positively to adverts/promotions and lower prices
Learn more about:
https://brainly.com/question/16056987
Higher price discounts and promotion allowance will help push products through the wholesale channel.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
This statement is true, because wholesale sales are sales of products in large quantities, usually directed to sales to suppliers who will put such products for sale at retail.
Therefore, when a wholesale product supplier offers higher price discounts and promotion subsidies, this strategy ends up driving the product through the wholesale channel, where price can be a deciding factor for retailers, since buying a product for a lower unit price and reselling it for a higher price is a profitable advantage.