you ordered two chemicals, calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, but the labels fell off in transit! how could you determine, using the qualitative tests and methods you used in this lab, which chemical is which?

The theoretical yield of MgO is 0.84 g. The limiting reactant or limiting reagent is a reactant in a chemical reaction.

The limiting reactant or limiting reagent is a reactant in a chemical reaction that determines the amount of product that is formed. Identification of the limiting reactant makes it possible to calculate the theoretical yield of a reaction.

The reason there is a limiting reactant is that elements and compounds react according to the mole ratio between them in a balanced chemical equation.

Mg is limiting reagent so amount of MgO depends on the amount of Mg.

Mg  +  O₂ [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 2 MgO

1 mol                        2 mol

Molar mass of Mg = 24 g/mol

Molar mass of MgO = 24 + 16 = 40 g/mol

24 g of Mg gives 80 g of MgO

mass of Mg for trial 1

Mass of Mg = mass of Mg metal, crucible and lid - mass of empty crucible and lid

Mass of Mg = 26.931 g - 26.679 g

Mass of Mg = 0.252 g

24 g of Mg ≅ 80 g of MgO

0.252 g of Mg ≅ X g of MgO

X g of MgO = 0.84 g

theoretical yield of MgO=0.84 g

Therefore, the theoretical yield of MgO is 0.84 g.

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Polymers are formed by linking monomers together through condensation reactions

Are monomers joined together by condensation?

Monomers are linked together by a type of reaction called a dehydration or condensation reaction. In this type of reaction, a water molecule is lost and a bond is formed between the two monomers.

How are polymers formed?

Monomers join together to make polymer chains by forming covalent bonds—that is, by sharing electrons. Other bonds then hold the groups of chains together to form a polymer material.

What happens in a condensation reaction?

Condensation reaction: A reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the simultaneous loss of a small molecule such as water or methanol. While this occurs in many reactions, the term is usually reserved for reactions in which a new carbon-carbon bond is formed.

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According to the balanced chemical equation, there are 2 moles of silver and potassium cyanide produced.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

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I’m pretty sure it’s Sodium borohydride

The ion that alcohol and sedatives/hypnotics increase the permeability of and shut off neurons firing is Cl - .

Neurons are the cells that make up the nervous system. To send information across the neurological system, neurons use electricity. And that electricity is produced by the difference in charges between the interior and outside of the cell.

Alcohol and sedatives/hypnotics increase the permeability of chloride ions (Cl-) in the neurons, which can reduce their activity and lead to sedation and hypnosis. This mechanism helps to explain why these substances have a relaxing and calming effect on the central nervous system.

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Ammonia has a molar mass of 17 g/mol. Ammonia weighs 68 grammes, or 17g/mol. 68g​=4moles From 241 = 2 moles of nitrogen and 243 = 6 moles of hydrogen, 4 moles of ammonia will be produced. Nitrogen and hydrogen have molar weights of 28 g/mol and 2 g/mol, respectively. 56 grammes are equivalent to 2 moles of nitrogen, or 228. 6 moles of hydrogen are equivalent to 12 grammes (62).

From 50.0 grammes of the nitrogen gas 3h2 N2 --> 2nh3, how many grammes of ammonia are produced?

We need to determine how many moles of nitrogen there are in this 50 g of nitrogen gas. We would generate 1.792=3.58 moles of ammonia from this point. 3.58 mol; 17.031 gmol; 61 g of NH3

42 grammes of nitrogen may be converted into how many grammes of ammonia?

b The mass of N and H in the ammonia molecule, NH3, is equal to 14 + 3 1 = 17. The amount of H needed to react with 14 g of N is 3 g. Hence, the mass of H needed to react with 42 g of N is equal to 3/14 42 = 9 g.

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The moles would be 12 moles, 4 moles and 11.34 moles

When hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce water (H2O), the balanced chemical equation is:

2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O

So,

For every 6 moles of H2, 12 moles of H2O will be produced

For every 2 moles of H2, 4 moles of H2O will be produced

For every 5.67 moles of H2, 11.34 moles of H2O will be produced.

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Except the Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN), all other options like Amonia,Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide are primary pollutants. Thus, the correct choice for answer of this problem is option (B).

Primary pollutants: Primary pollutants are the injected into the atmosphere directly. For examples are carbon monoxide, CO, nitrogen oxide, NO, and sulfur oxide. In the following provide options , A. Ammonia C. Sulfur dioxide and D. Hydrogen sulfide are primary pollutants. But Peroxyacetyl Nitrate PAN is not a Primary pollutant. Since it form in the atmosphere after the emission of primary pollutants. It is an oxidant that is more stable than Oxone. Sources of the pollutants required to create PANs include motor vehicles, tobacco smoke, and the burning of fossil fuels. It is an secondary pollutant present in photochemical smog. Hence, the Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) is correct answer.

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If the mother is Rh negative and her child is Rh positive she will form antibodies that may kill her second child

Found in the bone marrow

The Rh protein but not the A or the B proteins

Mothers must be aware of the rhesus factor in order to prevent a potentially serious condition called Rh incompatibility. The rhesus factor, also known as the Rh factor, is a protein that is found on the surface of red blood cells.

If a woman who is Rh-negative (does not have the Rh factor) becomes pregnant with a fetus who is Rh-positive (does have the Rh factor), there is a risk that the mother's immune system will recognize the Rh factor on the fetus's red blood cells as a foreign substance and produce antibodies against it.

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Water auto-ionization equilibrium shifts to the reactant side as [H3O+] falls and [OH-] grows.

Equilibrium in a process is a state in which the observable properties such as color, temperature, pressure, concentration, and so on do not change.

The word equilibrium means 'balance,' implying that a chemical reaction represents a balance between the reactants and products involved. The equilibrium state can also be observed in certain physical processes, such as the melting point of ice at 0°C, where both ice and water are present.

The equilibrium associated with physical processes, such as solid melting or salt dissolution in water, is known as physical equilibrium, whereas the equilibrium associated with chemical reactions is known as a chemical equilibrium. In a reversible reaction, the chemical equilibrium is the state in which both.

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The complete question is:

What will happen if I add a substance that dissociates to provide many hydroxide ions, such as a strong base, into pure water? (Select all that apply)

[H3O+] decreases

the equilibrium of water auto-ionization shifts to the reactant side

[OH-] increases

as per ideal Gas Law equation, we can calculate the number of moles to be 0.0292 moles.

The number of moles of a gas can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law equation, PV = nRT,

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

For the given sample, the pressure, volume, and temperature are 0.753 atm, 1.68 liters, and 2°C respectively.

By converting the temperature to Kelvin and plugging the values into the Ideal Gas Law equation, we can calculate the number of moles to be 0.0292 moles.

Number of moles = PV / RT

= 0.753 * 1.68 / (0.0821 * (275 + 2))

= 0.0292 moles.

+ the number of moles to be 0.0292 moles.

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A necessary trait of a good hypothesis is that it is clear and testable.

The correct option is option 2.

A hypothesis is a theory put up to explain a phenomenon.

A hypothesis must be testable according to the scientific method for it to be considered a scientific hypothesis. Scientific hypotheses are typically based on prior observations that cannot be adequately explained by the current body of knowledge.

An important trait of a good hypothesis is that it must be clear and testable.

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Combining coal with purified oxygen can make it burn cleaner and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

This process is known as oxygen-enhanced combustion or oxygen-fired combustion. In this process, the purified oxygen is introduced into the combustion chamber to increase the combustion efficiency, thereby reducing the carbon dioxide emissions. However, the other fossil fuels such as natural gas, liquid petroleum gas and oil cannot be made to burn cleaner with purified oxygen as they are already primarily composed of hydrocarbons and do not require oxygen to combust.

Combining purified oxygen with a fossil fuel like coal can lead to cleaner burning and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. This process is known as oxygen enrichment or oxygen-enhanced combustion. During oxygen enrichment, the proportion of oxygen in the combustion air is increased to around 30-35%, allowing for a more complete combustion of the coal.

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One mole of fluorine gas gives one mole of chlorine gas. Hence, 291 g of chlorine gas is produced by 155 g of fluorine gas. 38 g of F₂ gives 66 g of cobalt fluoride. Hence, 291 g will give 505 g of cobalt fluoride.

Cobalt fluoride is an ionic compound formed by the combination between cobalt metal and chlorine gas.

As per the given reaction, one mole of F₂ gives, one mole of Cl₂.

molecular mass of F₂ = 38 g/mol

molecular mass of Cl₂= 71 g.

hence, mass of F₂ needed to produce 291 g of Cl₂ is:

(291 g × 38 g)/71 g = 155 g.

38 g of F₂ gives 66 g of CoF₂.

molar mass of CoF₂ = 66 g/mol.

Hence, mass of cobalt fluoride produced by 291 g of fluorine is :

(291 × 66)/38 g = 505.4 g

Therefore, 291 g of F₂ will produce 505 g of cobalt fluoride.

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The kinetic energy of a cart weighing 100kg moving at a speed of 6 m/s is 1800 J.

Kinetic energy is defined as the energy that an object has because of its motion. If you want to accelerate an object, then you must apply a force. Force can be applied when work is done by us. After work has been done, the energy will get transferred to the object, and the object will be moving with a new constant speed.

Formula for kinetic energy is given as,

K.E = 1/2 mv²

m = 100 kg

v = 6 m/s

Substituting the values we get,

K.E = 1/2 × 100 × 6 × 6

⇒ K.E = 1800 J

Hence, The kinetic energy of a 100kg cart moving at a speed of 6 m/s is 1800 J.

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A candy bar has a food calorie count of 5.78.

The heat capacity is 8.72 kilocalories per degree, and 1 food calorie or his 1 nutritional calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. equation:

c=[tex]\frac{e}{dt}[/tex]

c = 8.72

Delta t is the change in temperature, reported as 16.7 degrees Celsius. so solve

e=145.624 kcal

We know that 1 kilocalorie equals 1 food calorie, so 145 equals 145,624 food calories. Now you have to divide this by the grams of chocolate or candy bar. This was 25.2 grams. 5.78. Remember you need to round up. This is food calories per gram.  

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The complete thermochemical equation of the reaction above is: 2CO₂(g) + 5H₂(g) --> C₂H₂(g) + 4H₂O(g) ∆H = +46.6 kJ.

According to the reaction above, 23.3 kJ of energy is needed (absorbed) to react 1 mole of CO₂ with H₂. The reaction given is:

2CO₂(g) + 5H₂(g) --> C₂H₂(g) + 4H₂O(g)

2 moles of CO₂ reacts with 5H₂. So, the amount of energy absorbed for this reaction is 23.3 kJ doubled (46.6 kJ). The enthalpy is written as a positive value if the energy is absorbed.

Hence, the complete thermochemical equation is as follows:

2CO₂(g) + 5H₂(g) --> C₂H₂(g) + 4H₂O(g) ∆H = +46.6 kJ

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Since a pure liquid freezes at a constant temperature, a flat, horizontal zone is anticipated on the cooling curve. if the liquid is allowed to cool until it is completely frozen.

The temperature will then continue to drop as the solid cools, eventually reaching the bath's temperature.

When a liquid is cooled in a constant-temperature bath, a cooling curve for the liquid illustrates graphically how the temperature changes over time. To preserve temperature uniformity, the liquid is enclosed in a test tube and continually swirled. Two elements dominate in determining the pace of cooling. The temperature differential between the liquid and the bath is the first. As the liquid temperature approaches the bath temperature as a result of this factor, the cooling curve gradually becomes less steep (has a lower negative slope), finally approaching zero, and producing a horizontal line at the bath temperature.

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15864x and 15865x correctly represents isotopes of x,  is the symbol of an element, which pair correctly represents isotopes

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, giving them a different atomic mass. The correct representation of isotopes of an element would have the same number of protons (represented by the atomic number) but a different number of neutrons, leading to a different atomic mass. In this case, 15864x and 15865x have the same atomic number (represented by the first part of the symbol, "158"), but a different number of neutrons, indicated by the second part of the symbol ("64" and "65"). This means they are isotopes of the same element.

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Charlotte, driving at 60.2 mi/h, would travel approximately 344 feet during the 3.91 seconds that she looked at her phone.

To find out how far Charlotte traveled, we can first convert her speed to feet per second since we're given the time she looked at her phone in seconds. We know that 1 mile is approximately 5280 feet, so Charlotte's speed in feet per second is 60.2 miles per hour multiplied by 5280 feet over 3600 seconds (the number of seconds in an hour). This comes out to be approximately 88 feet per second.

Therefore, in the 3.91 seconds that Charlotte looked at her phone, she would've traveled 88 feet per second times 3.91 seconds, which equals roughly 344 feet.

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Based on the moles of iron given, the mass of iron that participated in the chemical reaction is 4.48 g.

The mass of iron that took part in the reaction is determined from the molar mass and the moles of iron that took part in the reaction.

The moles of iron that took part in the reaction = 0.08 moles

The molar mass of iron = 56 g/mol

The formula below gives the relationship between, moles, molar mass, and mass of an element.

Mass = number of moles * molar mass

The mass of iron = 0.08 moles * 56 g/mol

The mass of iron = 4.48 g

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Lines on a temperature map connecting points of equal temperature are called "isotherms."

Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in their arrangement of atoms. This means that they have the same number and type of atoms, but their atoms are arranged differently. As a result, isomers have different physical and chemical properties, even though they are composed of the same elements.

There are several types of isomers, including:

Structural isomers: Also known as constitutional isomers, these are molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity of their atoms.

Stereoisomers: These are isomers that have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity of their atoms, but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms in space.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic solids and molecular solids have distinct differences in their physical properties due to the nature of their constituent particles.

Ionic solids are composed of positively and negatively charged ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces. They are typically hard and brittle, with high melting and boiling points. Ionic solids are poor conductors of electricity in the solid state, but they are good conductors in the molten state or in aqueous solution.

An example of an ionic solid is sodium chloride (NaCl), which is a white crystalline solid with a high melting point of 801 °C.

Molecular solids, on the other hand, are composed of neutral molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces such as van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds. They tend to be soft and have low melting and boiling points. Molecular solids are poor conductors of electricity in both the solid and liquid state.

An example of a molecular solid is iodine (I2), which is a black crystalline solid with a low melting point of 114.5 °C.

In summary, ionic solids are characterized by their high melting and boiling points, brittleness, and poor electrical conductivity in the solid state, while molecular solids are characterized by their low melting and boiling points, softness, and poor electrical conductivity in both the solid and liquid state.

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The isotope work sheet can be filled from the atomic numbers and the mass numbers of the isotopes.

An isotope worksheet is used to track and organize information about different isotopes of a given element. To fill an isotope worksheet, the following information should typically be included:

Element symbol: The symbol of the element being studied.

Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

Mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

Isotope: A unique identifier for each isotope, typically written as element symbol, mass number.

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The total pressure in the apparatus be less than atm.

How do you find partial pressure in atm?

The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is the pressure that the gas would exert if it were present alone in a container at the same temperature and volume. The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases can be found by dividing its mole fraction by the total pressure of the gas mixture. For example, if a gas mixture has a total pressure of 1 atm and the mole fraction of the gas in question is 0.4, then the partial pressure of the gas is 0.4 atm.

The volume of the container for each gas will rise when the valve is opened. Both of the gases' pressures will drop in accordance with Boyle's law. As a result, the pressure of the gas coming from valves 1 and 2 will fall, resulting in a lower than atm overall pressure in the apparatus.

Therefore,  less than atm is the correct answer.

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The pressure of the NH3 gas is 2.19 atm, a sample of 4.30 moles of NH3 gas occupies 6.50 L at 45°C.

Gas pressure is the force per unit area exerted by a gas on the walls of its container. It is a measure of the number of gas molecules colliding with the container's walls per unit of time, and is proportional to the number of gas molecules and their kinetic energy. It is a result of the gas molecules moving randomly in all directions and colliding with the walls of the container. When a gas is confined in a container, its pressure is exerted equally in all directions. The pressure is a scalar quantity, which means it has only magnitude and does not have a direction.

Gas pressure can be measured in a variety of units, including atmospheres (atm), torr, pascals (Pa), and pounds per square inch (psi). The most commonly used units for measuring gas pressure are atmospheres and pascals.

To calculate the pressure of a gas, the Ideal Gas Law is used which states that [tex]PV = nRT[/tex], where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First step:  Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

45°C + 273.15 = 318.15 [tex]K[/tex]

Second step:Plug in the values and solve for P:

[tex]P = (nRT) / V[/tex]

[tex]P = (4.30 moles * 0.0821 Latm/molK * 318.15 K) / 6.50 L[/tex]

[tex]P = 2.19 atm[/tex]

So, the pressure of the [tex]NH3[/tex] gas is 2.19 [tex]atm[/tex].

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The equilibrium will shift to the reaction's side where there are less gas molecules as pressure increases.

The balance would then change, moving in the direction of increased pressure. This would be in the direction of the reactants, which contain more moles of the gas. As a result, the equilibrium would change and move to the left in favor of the reactants. Pressure increases cause the equilibrium position to shift to the side with the fewest molecules. Because the pressure lowers as the number of molecules decreases, the impacts of the change are lessened. Due to the forced closer proximity of the gas particles when the pressure on a gas increases, the volume of the gas decreases. On the other hand, because the gas particles may now move further apart when the pressure on a gas lowers, the gas volume rises.

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Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Plotting viscosity on semi-log coordinates allows for the examination of exponential relationships.

On a semi-log plot of viscosity versus temperature, the slope of the line indicates the activation energy for the viscous flow, and a straight line indicates an Arrhenius relationship.

For water, the viscosity decreases with increasing temperature and does not follow an Arrhenius relationship. Hexane also has a decreasing viscosity with temperature, but deviates significantly from an Arrhenius relationship. On the other hand, 100% glycerol has a relatively constant viscosity with temperature, and is an example of a fluid that follows an Arrhenius relationship.

In general, the viscosity of fluids depends on several factors such as molecular weight, intermolecular forces, and temperature. The deviation from an Arrhenius relationship can indicate more complex relationships between viscosity and temperature, such as the existence of multiple temperature-dependent processes that contribute to the overall viscosity of the fluid.

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70 g of a solid solute is added to 50 g of water at 20 °c, and it all dissolves. when additional solute is added, it does not dissolve. KI is the solute.

What is solute ?

A solute is a substance that has dissolved in a solution. Molecules of the solvent often outnumber those of the solute in a fluid solution. In our daily lives, salt and water are two of the most prevalent solutes. Salt becomes a solute when it is dissolved in water.

What is solvent?

Solvents are employed to dissolve the substances that serve as the formulation's solutes. The components of these solutes can be solids, liquids, or gases. The use of a suitable solvent in conjunction with the solute is required to create a solution.

given: 70g of solute is added to 50g of water at 20degree C

solution: at 20degree C,

since graph is for 100g of water

multiple by 2

2 x 50g of water=100g of water

similarly 2 x 70g of solute= 140g of solute

at 20degree C, The solute KI falls at 140g

Therefore , KI is the solute

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