Write the main features of mansabdari system. Write in 4 points.
Please explain.. Tomorrow's my final exam..​

The answer are pioneering researcher of observational learning was: Albert Bandura.

Observational learning is a learning concept that describes how we learn by watching and imitating others. Unlike classical and operant conditioning, observational learning allows us to learn without having to experience punishment or reinforcement directly.

This theory explains how people can learn from one another, and it can be useful in areas like education and psychotherapy. The following are the pioneers of observational learning:

Albert Bandura was a Canadian-American psychologist who conducted a number of experiments demonstrating the power of observational learning in the 1960s. John Garcia was an American psychologist who is best known for his work on taste aversion and the conditions that produce it.

John B. Watson was an American psychologist who is best known for his work on classical conditioning, including the Little Albert experiment. B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist who is best known for his work on operant conditioning and the Skinner box.

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When arrested for a speech criticizing the government, during which years, and at which levels of government, would this be an unconstitutional violation of civil liberties?

First and foremost, it is important to remember that this is a hypothetical scenario. A speech criticising the government, according to the First Amendment, is considered to be a form of free speech. Free speech is an essential part of civil liberties in the United States of America.

It has been defined as the right to express one's opinion without fear of censorship, restraint, or retribution. a) In 1986, you were arrested by the federal government. This would be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties because the First Amendment of the United States Constitution states that Congress shall make no law that abridges the freedom of speech. b) In 1986, you were arrested by the state government.

This would be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties because the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution extended the application of the First Amendment to the states. c) In 1886, you were arrested by the federal government.

This would not be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties. This is because the Constitution had not yet been amended to include the First Amendment's free speech protections. d) In 1886, you were arrested by the state government. This would not be an unconstitutional violation of your civil liberties.

This is because the Constitution had not yet been amended to include the Fourteenth Amendment's extension of the First Amendment's free speech protections.

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The most relevant crime-and-justice attitude that has been linked to the media is the fear of criminal victimization. Fear-of-crime levels are socially important because they lead to social and economic consequences.

Explanation:

Fear of criminal victimization is the most significant crime-and-justice attitude that has been linked to the media. This is because the media plays a crucial role in shaping public perceptions about crime and justice, particularly with regard to the risk of criminal victimization. Media reporting can, in particular, contribute to the rise of the public's perception of crime risk. As a result, media portrayal of crime and justice has been linked to increased levels of fear of crime, particularly violent crimes, among the general public. The social significance of fear-of-crime levels stems from the various social and economic consequences of crime. Fear of crime, particularly violent crimes, may lead to economic and social costs such as increased security costs and decreased business activities, particularly in high-crime areas.

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Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder, based on differences in the brain circuitry involved in the two disorders. Thus, the correct option is C.

Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which an individual has repeated episodes of sudden anxiety or panic attacks. These attacks cause feelings of intense fear and physical symptoms such as chest pain, sweating, and heart palpitations, among others. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about everyday events or activities. People with GAD often feel anxious, restless, and easily fatigued.

Both panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder can coexist in individuals, and they share some common features. However, researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder based on differences in the brain circuitry involved in the two disorders.

Panic disorder has been associated with an overactive amygdala, the brain region responsible for the processing of fear and anxiety. In contrast, GAD has been linked to changes in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation, decision-making, and attention.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Differentiation quadrant describes individuals who feel unique and respected but also feel left out and not a part of the in-group. The correct answer is Option B.

In biology, differentiation refers to the process through which cells obtain distinct structures and functions as they grow and develop to become a more complex organism. Differentiation is also referred to as the gradual change of cells from being generic stem cells to specialized cells in multicellular organisms.

In the social sciences, differentiation refers to the way that people are divided into groups based on certain characteristics or attributes such as age, gender, or social status. The process of differentiation involves the creation of these social categories or boundaries, which can be formed through a variety of means such as language, cultural practices, or social institutions. For example, the differentiation of genders into male and female can be based on biological differences, cultural norms, or social roles.

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A satellite television system includes satellite dish antennas and communications satellites.

The correct option is (D) .

A satellite television system works by transmitting television signals from a television station to a communications satellite in geostationary orbit. The satellite then transmits the signals back to Earth, where they are received by a satellite dish antenna installed at the viewer's location. The dish antenna picks up the signals and sends them to a set-top box or a television set, which then decodes the signals and displays the television program on the screen.

Satellite television systems do not typically use GPS receivers, which are used for determining location, nor do they use infrared cameras or electromagnetic waves in the transmission process. Instead, the signals are transmitted using radio waves in the microwave frequency range, which are picked up by the dish antenna and then converted into electrical signals that can be decoded and displayed as television programming.

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An example of gatekeeping is: a parent monitoring the content their child is exposed to. The correct option is D.

Gatekeeping refers to the process of controlling or regulating access to information, resources, opportunities, or spaces. It involves the exertion of control or authority over who gets to participate, enter, or engage in a particular activity or domain.

In the given example, the parent acts as a gatekeeper by controlling and filtering the information, media, or content that their child is allowed to access.

Thus, the ideal selection is option D.

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The complete question might be:

Gatekeeping exists in many aspects of society. Which of these everyday occurrences is an example of gatekeeping?

a) a teacher giving instructions to the class

b) a restaurant following health and safety standards

c) a married couple making their monthly budget together

d) a parent monitoring the content their child is exposed to

All of the following are social-cognitive critiques of the trait approach to personality EXCEPT that there are not enough traits to describe the many ways in which people behave. Hence, option A is correct.

The social-cognitive theory is frequently criticized for not being a comprehensive theory. This suggests that the many components of the theory could not be related. For instance, according to the social-cognitive perspective, researchers have not yet discovered a relationship between observational learning and self-efficacy.

According to the social cognitive theory, which is applied to psychology, education, and communication, a person's knowledge acquisition might be in part directly tied to how they see other people in the setting of social experiences, and outside media influences.

Human behavior is described by social cognitive theory as a triadic, dynamic, and reciprocal interaction of individual characteristics, behavior, and environment. This idea states that each of these three variables independently determines an individual's behavior.

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The statement here is the type of team that is characterized by a group assembled for a specific purpose is known as a "standing committee" is False.

A standing committee is a group of individuals who are appointed or elected to handle particular tasks on a continuing basis.

Standing committees are a fundamental part of a legislative body's operation, and their function is to manage certain issues within the organization's jurisdiction, such as budget, education, health, or transportation.

The committee's activities are ongoing, and they continue until the committee is disbanded or restructured. Consequently, the type of team that is characterized by a group assembled for a specific purpose is NOT known as a 'standing committee'.

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"The primary objective of this module is to help you understand how to develop empathy for the interests, preferences and circumstances of those affected by problems. The most important people we need to understand are potential customers".

The goal of this module is to teach you how to cultivate empathy for the needs and desires of individuals impacted by various challenges. Developing empathy is essential for understanding the perspectives and circumstances of potential customers, which is critical for creating effective solutions that meet their needs.

By empathizing with customers, we can gain a deeper understanding of their preferences and concerns, allowing us to design products and services that provide meaningful value. Empathy also fosters trust and respect, which can lead to more positive relationships with customers.

Ultimately, by prioritizing empathy, we can create products and services that better serve the needs of our customers, leading to increased satisfaction, loyalty, and success.

This question should be written as:

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Leo's finishing time of 4948 seconds was 535 seconds (9.6%) faster than the mean of the men's 30-34 group, and 1.2 standard deviations above the mean.

Standard deviation is a measure of the spread or dispersion of a set of data points around the mean value. It is calculated by taking the square root of the average of the squared differences from the mean. It is also a measure of how much variation or "dispersion" exists from the average (mean). Standard deviation helps to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion from the average of a data set. It is used to measure risk and in the calculation of statistical tests such as the z-test and t-test. Standard deviation can also be used to compare the performance of different groups or to compare the performance of a single group over time.

This indicates Leo's performance was better than average in his group.
Mary's finishing time of 5513 seconds was 252 seconds (4.8%) slower than the mean of the women's 25-29 group, and 0.3 standard deviations below the mean. This indicates Mary's performance was slightly below average in her group.

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Positive self-talk has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health. It can help to reduce stress and anxiety, promote self-esteem and confidence, and encourage healthy coping strategies. A negative inner monologue, on the other hand, can lead to feelings of depression, and low self-esteem, and can negatively affect relationships with others.

The relationship between positive self-talk and mental health is a strong one. When individuals use positive self-talk, it can help to decrease stress and anxiety, increase self-esteem, and promote a more optimistic outlook on life. Positive self-talk helps to regulate emotions and improves mental health.

However, negative inner monologues can lead to detrimental effects on mental health. The potential pitfalls of negative inner monologues include decreased self-esteem, increased stress and anxiety, feelings of hopelessness or despair, and a distorted view of oneself or the world. Negative self-talk can make people feel helpless and trapped, leading to a negative cycle of self-doubt and self-defeat.

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Monkeys raised in total isolation have been observed to become very fearful or aggressive when brought into close contact with other monkeys their age. Option B is the correct answer.

Harlow (1965) separated newborn monkeys from their mothers. They didn't communicate with anyone or each other at all. He maintained some of them in this condition for three months, others for six, nine, or even their whole first year of life. Afterwards, he returned them to the group of monkeys to observe how their lack of connection affected their behavior. Option B is the correct answer.

The findings revealed that the monkeys exhibited peculiar behavior, including persistent body grasping and swaying. Afterwards they were returned to the group of monkeys. The newborns initially reacted fearfully to the other monkeys before turning viciously hostile. They were also unable to interact socially or in communication with other monkeys. They were frightened by the other monkeys. Option B is the correct answer.

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True, the Party function is most responsible for deciding who will represent the differing party.

A political group is just a group of individuals. These people band together to run in election campaigns in order to gain control of the government. It is a strategy for rallying voters around shared interests, issues, and goals. The primary function of a political party is to establish the policy objectives and policies. As a result, each party strives to convince people that their policies are superior to those of the other parties. A political party, in a broader sense, is a vehicle through which the people can communicate with the authorities while having a say in the democracy of any nation. As a result, every major group must have three essential components:

Active Members Leaders

Some functions are available to followers.

A political party enters elections by nominating candidates.

Candidates in countries such as the United States are chosen by supporters and supporters of of a political party.

Candidates in countries such as India, which is on the other hand, are selected by top national parties.

Each party has its own set of policies and programmes. Voters cast their ballots based on their preferences for policies and programmes.

In a democratic nation, a large gang of people with similar beliefs band together to form a party. After that, provide direction to the government's policies.

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Kiera is using the notion of Intersectionality to examine how her race, gender, class, sexuality, and ability/disability operate in relationship to each other.

What is intersectionality?

Intersectionality is a term used to describe the interconnection between different kinds of social identity, such as race, gender, class, sexuality, and ability/disability. It acknowledges that each of these social identities is interconnected and that they are not distinct from one another. It is crucial since it accounts for how different types of social identities intersect and work together to influence one's social status and treatment in society.

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The mirror neuron activity is the reason people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Without conscious reflection, people often yawn when they observe others yawning. Researchers are now considering whether this can be attributed to mirror neuron activity.

The function of mirror neurons is to enable people to understand the experiences of others. They fire up in the brain when people see or hear someone else doing something or experiencing an emotion, and they become stimulated in a comparable manner as if they were the ones doing the activity or experiencing the emotion.

Mirror neurons are neurons that fire when a person acts or when a person observes another person performing a particular action. These neurons, which are located in the brain's premotor cortex, aid in the formation of an individual's understanding of the actions of others.

Mirror neurons were discovered by an Italian neuroscientist named Giacomo Rizzolatti and his team. They did a study in the early 1990s, in which they were examining the brains of macaque monkeys.

They discovered that when a monkey was picking up a peanut, some of the same neurons in the monkey's brain fired as though it were the monkey's hand that was performing the activity.

This is why when we observe another person yawning, mirror neurons become stimulated in our brain, causing us to mimic the behavior without conscious reflection. Therefore, mirror neuron activity is the reason people often yawn when they observe others yawning.

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Being aware of how to serve a ball in tennis involves declarative memory; the act of serving the ball involves procedural memory; and the memory of the first time you served a tennis ball involves episodic memory.

Declarative memory refers to the memory of facts and events, such as knowing the steps involved in serving a tennis ball. Procedural memory refers to the memory of how to perform a skill or task, such as the motor movements involved in serving a tennis ball. Episodic memory refers to the memory of specific events or personal experiences, such as the first time you served a tennis ball.Although it's common to refer to things like never forgetting how to ride a bike, throw a baseball, or serve a tennis ball as having "muscle memory," these resiliency skills are truly the result of motor learning.

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Yes, it is possible that a person who prefers dates, events, and schedules to start and end at a set time may have a more "time-oriented" personality.

Being time-oriented means valuing punctuality, adherence to schedules, and deadlines. People who are time-oriented tend to plan ahead, prioritize their time, and may feel anxious or stressed when things don't go according to schedule.

However, it's important to note that there are many factors that can influence a person's orientation to time, including cultural and societal norms, personal experiences, and individual personality traits. So while a preference for set schedules and deadlines may be one indicator of a time-oriented personality, it is not the only factor to consider.

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Answer: Hey use this for reference ok i recommend combining these three intros into 1

Australia is one of the most culturally diverse nations in the world, with people from all corners of the globe calling it home. One aspect of this diversity that is often overlooked, however, is the wide range of religious beliefs and practices that exist within our communities. In fact, Australia is home to more than 100 different religious traditions, each with its own unique customs and values. While some may view this diversity as a challenge to social harmony, I argue that it actually advances Australia fairly by promoting understanding, empathy, and respect among different groups.

As a nation founded on the principles of democracy, equality, and freedom, Australia has a long history of embracing diversity and promoting the rights of individuals to express themselves and practice their beliefs. One area where this is particularly evident is in the realm of religious diversity. Despite the fact that Australia has a predominantly Christian population, people of all faiths are welcomed and accepted here. This openness and tolerance towards different religious traditions helps to foster a sense of community and inclusivity, and ensures that everyone has an equal opportunity to participate in society.

It is often said that diversity is Australia's greatest strength, and nowhere is this more evident than in our religious landscape. From Aboriginal Dreamtime spirituality to Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and many more, Australia is home to a rich tapestry of religious traditions. Rather than seeing this diversity as a source of conflict or division, I believe that it is a key factor in Australia's success as a multicultural society. By encouraging dialogue, understanding, and respect among different religious groups, we can create a more just and equitable society that benefits all Australians.

When making judgments about others based on a halo effect, people tend to assume that a single aspect represents their overall character.

The halo effect is a phenomenon where a single aspect of a person is taken as an indication of their entire character or personality. When making judgments about others based on a halo effect, people tend to assume that a single aspect represents their overall character.

The halo effect is often used to describe how people form impressions of others based on limited information or first impressions. For example, someone who is physically attractive may be seen as more intelligent, kind, or successful, simply because of their appearance.

Similarly, someone who is well-dressed, confident, or charming may be perceived as more trustworthy or competent, even if there is no evidence to support these assumptions.

In summary, the halo effect is a cognitive bias that causes people to overestimate the positive qualities of a person based on a single characteristic or trait, rather than considering the person as a whole. This can lead to unfair and inaccurate judgments, and may cause people to overlook negative qualities or flaws in the individual's character.

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Answer:

In both Uganda and South Africa, xenophobic attacks occurred due to grievances over existing socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, poverty, income inequality, access to property and high crime rates (for the case of South Africa.

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Answer:  The people who work to produce goods and services are known as producers. Producers are people who make or grow goods and provide services. Sometimes they are called workers, and they help us do things.

Explanation:

The individuals who work to produce goods and services are known as the labor force or workers. They contribute to the economy by creating the goods and services that people need and want. These individuals may work in various sectors such as manufacturing, retail, and healthcare.

The people who work to produce goods and services are known as labor force or workers. They play a pivotal role in the economy as they help in the creation of goods and services that people need and want. These could be individuals working in various sectors such as manufacturing, retail, healthcare, and the like. For example, a worker in a car factory who assembles parts is contributing in the production of the final good, the car. Similarly, a doctor treating patients is providing a service. It's important to understand that these workers, or labor force, are a crucial part of any business or industry.

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The two contingencies of reinforcement that are designed to decrease undesired behaviors are negative reinforcement and extinction.

Therefore correct answer is option b.

Positive reinforcement has things like giving a kid chocolates if he cleans his room. If a youngster smashes a window, spanking him or her is a good punishment. Negative punishment is taking away a child's toys for misbehaving.

Reinforcement can be used to improve proper behaviors, teach new abilities, or teach a substitute behavior for an interference-causing activity.

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The Ottoman Empire played a significant role in global trade, particularly in the areas of spices, textiles, and ceramics, as it controlled key trade routes between Asia and Europe.

The Ottoman Empire was a major player in global trade, particularly in the early modern period. As a vast and powerful empire that spanned Europe, Asia, and Africa, it controlled key trade routes and acted as a hub for the exchange of goods and ideas between East and West.One of the most important impacts of the Ottoman Empire on global trade was in the area of spices. Ottoman control over the Mediterranean and Red Sea made it a crucial intermediary in the spice trade between Europe and Asia, allowing it to profit from the lucrative spice trade.In addition to spices, the Ottomans also traded textiles and ceramics, which were highly sought after in Europe. Ottoman textiles were known for their intricate designs and high quality, and were exported to markets throughout Europe and the Mediterranean.The Ottoman Empire's impact on global trade was not limited to the exchange of goods. It also had a significant impact on the cultural and intellectual exchange that occurred during this period.

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According to the text, the most positive level of confirming responses is Level 3 which is endorsement. The correct option is c.

Level 3 confirming responses are the most positive because they not only acknowledge the content of the message but also validate the speaker's feelings and thoughts.

These responses demonstrate a high level of empathy and understanding towards the speaker and help to establish a supportive and trusting communication environment.

Examples of Level 3 confirming responses include statements such as "I understand why you feel that way" or "It makes sense that you would be upset about that." By using Level 3 confirming responses, individuals can effectively communicate their support and respect for others while building stronger relationships.

Therefore, Level 3 is considered the most affirmative level of confirming responses, which is option c.

The complete question is:

According to the text (chapter 9) the most positive level of confirming responses (there are three levels) is?
a. recognition (Level 1)

b. acknowledgment (Level 2)

c. endorsement (Level 3)

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Research suggests that proper compensation, incentives, or rewards are necessary to produce a motivated salesperson, along with several other factors including good leadership, a positive work environment, clear expectations, and recognition for a job well done.

Compensation and incentives are important because they help to motivate salespeople to strive to reach their sales goals. Good compensation will provide financial security for salespeople and help to ensure their loyalty and commitment to their organization. Incentives can also provide an extra incentive for salespeople to excel in their jobs, as they can be awarded based on their performance.

Good leadership is another factor that contributes to motivating salespeople. Good leaders provide guidance, support, and recognition to help salespeople achieve their goals. A positive work environment is also key, as it will help to create a culture of support and success within an organization.

Clear expectations should also be established for salespeople in order to ensure that their performance is up to the standard. This includes expectations such as the number of sales they should make per month or the number of leads they should generate. It also helps to set achievable goals so that salespeople can track their progress.

Finally, recognition for a job well done is essential. This includes recognizing salespeople when they meet their goals and also providing praise when they go above and beyond. By recognizing their achievements, salespeople will be motivated to continue performing at their best.

In conclusion, proper compensation, incentives, good leadership, a positive work environment, clear expectations, and recognition for a job well done are all factors that help to produce a motivated salesperson.

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The concept of living in community by a Somalian immigrant which is reflected in the given example here is the Ethnic Enclave.

An ethnic enclave is a region or neighborhood that contains a high proportion of residents of a specific ethnicity or race. The minority population must be culturally distinct from the general population to form an enclave, with their own set of beliefs, traditions, and social organizations.

Ethnic enclaves may be established intentionally or accidentally. The establishment of ethnic enclaves is often motivated by political or economic factors, as well as social and cultural factors. The concept of ethnic enclave can be studied through multiple lenses, including anthropology, geography, and sociology.

The Somalian immigrant in the given example moved into a Somalian community in Columbus, Ohio where his family members were living. He did not consider living in other communities, indicating that he preferred to live with people from his ethnic group. This example reflects the concept of Ethnic Enclave.

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Sociologists would most likely classify black people as being in the minority.

Depending on the situation, the word "minority group" can be used in a variety of ways. A minority group can be easily recognized by means of statistical sizes within a population, i.e., a social category with least number of members is the "minority," according to standard use.

However, the term "minority" in the 1990s typically refers to four significant ethnic and racial categories: American Indians ,African Americans, ,Alaska Natives, Asians & Pacific Peoples, and Hispanics. This shift in America's cultural and racial profile is particularly obvious in some states and towns.

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True as the People with analytical decision-making style prefer to approach decision-making with a low tolerance for ambiguity, and an orientation towards task and technical concerns.

This type of decision-making is based on careful analysis of all the information available and leads to sound, logical decisions. To make decisions analytically, one must thoroughly assess all the potential consequences, identify potential risks and problems, and then make a well-informed decision.

This process of assessing data and possible outcomes requires a level of precision and attention to detail, making it ideal for those with a low tolerance for ambiguity.

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