The origin wants to clone dark feathered birds as dark fathers were more efficient in providing heat and effective fly to the birds.
According to the researchers, darker feathers heated up more quickly than lighter ones and got hotter as well. However, the birds that truly benefited were those with light-colored or white wing feathers close to their bodies and dark or black wing feathers on the remainder of their wings. Therefore, the original intended to clone these birds with dark feathers.
Moreover, the researchers discovered that the temperature of black and white feathers on the same wings varied by as much as nine degrees, which was sufficient to induce a convection current in the air just above the wing that moved from the bird's body outward along the wing. They saw that this increased airflow, which they reasoned increased flying effectiveness.
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is it possible to predict the frequencies of subsequent generations when genetic drift occurs? explain your response.
Although the precise results of genetic drift are difficult to anticipate, we can understand how it may influence the frequency of alleles in a population and how this may effect evolution.
When genetic drift occurs, it is challenging to estimate the frequencies of succeeding generations. A population's gene frequency may change over time due to genetic drift, a random process. It is impossible to foresee the process' precise end because it is a random process.
But it is possible to see how, over time, genetic drift might impact the frequency of alleles (gene versions) in a population. Over several generations, genetic drift can have a considerable impact on the frequency of alleles in a population by randomly increasing or decreasing the frequency of an allele.
Furthermore, it's crucial to keep in mind that genetic drift can interact with other evolutionary forces like natural selection, migration, and mutation to further impact the frequency of alleles in a population.
Genetic drift can influence the frequency of alleles in a population and have an impact on evolution, even if it is difficult to forecast exactly how it will behave.
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how does the differences in starting allelic frequencies between the two populations affect the changes in frequencies? explain your reasoning.
The differences in starting allelic frequencies between the two populations affect the changes in frequencies is gene flow will cause the dominant allele to affect frequency changes.
Allele frequency is the proportion of an allele present in a population. Changes in an allele can be caused by several things such as migration, mutation, non-random mating, or natural selection.
Migration can be due to the presence of genes in and out of the two populations which can cause gene flow to the two populations. Due to marriage or so on gene flow will change the allele and genotype frequencies of the original population. The dominant allele will curb the recessive allele so that what appears is a few differences and has a lot in common. Changes in allele and genotype frequencies of a population are an indication of microevolution.
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Where does a competitive inhibitor bind to an enzyme?
The competitive inhibitor binds to the active site and inhibits substrate binding.
The noncompetitive inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme; it does not prevent substrate binding, but it causes other changes in the enzyme that prevent it from efficiently catalyzing the reaction. A competitive inhibitor is an inhibitor that competes with the substrate for binding to an active site. When the inhibitor binds to the active site, it forms an enzyme-inhibitor complex, preventing the enzyme from reacting .
An inhibitor molecule that is similar enough to a substrate to bind to the enzyme's active site and prevent it from binding to the substrate is used in competitive inhibition. To bind to the enzyme, it "competes" with the substrate. In non-competitive inhibition, inhibitor molecules bind to the allosteric site of an enzyme.
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Dave Duerson, the football player discussed in the opening vignette as well as later
in the chapter, suffered from another type of brain injury, chronic traumatic
encephalopathy or CTE. While some recovery often occurs after a stroke, depending
on the extent of the damage, there is little hope of recovery with CTE. CTE tends to
result from repeated head
trauma.
Why is there such a poor prospect for recovery from CTE?
A.CTE tends to affect a very small area of the brain, but that area tends to be
totally destroyed.
B.The damage tends to be extensive and it often triggers a continuing disease
process in the brain.
C.The brains of adults in this age range are less plastic than the brains of older
people who are more likely to experience a stroke.
D.The particular part of the brain that tends to be affected is less likely to recover.
There is poor prospect for recovery from CTE is that the damage tends to be extensive and it often triggers a continuing disease process in the brain.
What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy?
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative brain disease that is caused by repeated head trauma. It is characterized by symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, aggression, depression, and progressive dementia. CTE has been found in athletes and military veterans who have experienced repetitive head trauma over time.
CTE is caused when an individual experiences multiple head injuries and trauma, which can lead to the formation of protein deposits in the brain that cause and/or contribute to a range of neurological, physical, and psychological symptoms. The damage caused by CTE is often extensive and can trigger a continuing disease process in the brain that is difficult to reverse or recover from.
Therefore, the damage tends to be extensive and it often triggers a continuing disease process in the brain is the correct answer.
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a nucleotide is composed of a nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar. a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and an amino acid. a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
A nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar, and does not contain an amino acid. Here option A is the correct answer.
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It is composed of three main components: a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.
The nitrogenous base can be one of four types: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T) in DNA and adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or uracil (U) in RNA. The pentose sugar is usually ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA. The phosphate group is attached to the sugar molecule.
A nucleotide does not contain an amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not nucleic acids. Proteins and nucleic acids are different types of biomolecules with distinct structures and functions.
Complete question:
a nucleotide is composed of a nucleotide is composed of
A - a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.
B - a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and an amino acid.
C - a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
D - a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
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assuming no crossing over between the gene in question and the centromere, when do alleles segregate during meiosis?
Each daughter cell now has one allele for the gene in question, and it is these alleles that will segregate during meiosis I.
Meiosis I, the first meiotic division, is when alleles separate. Homologous chromosomes, a pair of chromosomes carrying the same genes, detach from one another and travel to the opposing sides of the cell during meiosis I. The alleles for that gene will segregate throughout this process of homologous chromosomal segregation if we assume that there is no crossing over between the gene in question and the centromere (the location where the chromosomes are joined). The homologous chromosomes align along the cell's equator during meiosis I and are forced apart by spindle fibres connected to the centromeres. Two daughter cells are created as a result, each of which has one homologous chromosome. Now that each daughter cell carries one copy of the relevant gene, meiosis I will see the segregation of these alleles.
It's vital to note that this scenario presupposes that the involved gene and centromere won't cross paths. Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during the process of crossing over, which leads to the recombination of alleles. The segregation of alleles may not be as simple as previously described if crossing over takes place.
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according to the diathesis-stress model, which person is most likely to experience a depressed state?that carry messages from one neuron to the next are called
According to the diathesis-stress model, an individual who is predisposed to mental illness, or has a "diathesis," is more likely to experience a depressed state when they are exposed to significant stress.
The diathesis-stress model proposes that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of mental illnesses, including depression. A person with a genetic predisposition, or diathesis, to mental illness is more vulnerable to the effects of stress and may be more likely to experience a depressive episode when exposed to stressful life events. However, it's important to note that not everyone with a diathesis will experience a mental illness, and not everyone who experiences stress will develop a mental illness. It's the interaction between the diathesis and stress that increases the risk for mental illness.To know more about diathesis visit:
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describe how the muscle ca2 atpase pumps ca2 ions from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca²⁺-ATPase use to pumps back the released Ca²⁺ into the SR to cause relaxation.
In general , the Ca²⁺ binds to the protein that use to participate in muscle contraction they also induce muscle contraction and gets reabsorbed inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum via Ca²⁺ATPase.
In muscle cells, the excitation and contraction cycle is regulated with an increase in the deliberation of free cytoplasmic Ca(2+). These Ca²⁺-ATPase when present in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) helps to pumps Ca²⁺ out of the cytosol inside the intracellular compartment, helps in promoting muscle relaxation.
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what do you think about this value? do you produce this much urine in one day? what must be happening to some of the fluid that is being filtered by the glomerulus?
No, I do not think I produce this much urine in one day. The excess fluid that is being filtered by the glomerulus is likely being reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
What is bloodstream?The bloodstream is a major component of the circulatory system and is responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cells throughout the body. It is composed of a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries which work together to transport these substances to and from the cells and organs of the body. The bloodstream is a closed system, meaning that the blood circulates within the body and does not leave it. Blood is composed of a liquid called plasma, and within it are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, all of which are vital to the functioning of the human body. Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are responsible for transporting oxygen, while white blood cells, or leukocytes, play a role in defending the body against infection. Platelets are important for clotting and healing of wounds.
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What body system protects from water loss and outside environment?
The skin is the body system that helps to protect the body from water loss and the outside environment.
The skin is composed of multiple layers of tissues, including the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. It acts as a barrier between the body and the outside world, protecting against physical trauma, harmful substances, and excessive water loss.
The outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis, is composed of cells known as keratinocytes, which produce a tough, protective protein called keratin. The epidermis helps to prevent water loss from the body by regulating the amount of water that can pass through it, and also helps to prevent the entry of harmful substances.
The dermis, the underlying layer of the skin, contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, which play important roles in regulating temperature and preventing water loss. The sweat glands secrete sweat, which helps to regulate body temperature by promoting the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin. The sebaceous glands produce an oil called sebum, which helps to keep the skin moisturized and prevent excessive water loss.
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which structure is highlighted? a model of an ovary is shown. an cloud-like structure without the inner content is highlighted.which structure is highlighted? oocyte corpus albicans graafian follicle corpus luteum
The female reproductive structure highlighted in the given image: (4) corpus luteum.
Female reproductive system majorly comprises of a pair of ovaries, a uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix and vagina. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus while the cervix connects the uterus to the vagina.
Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine organ present in the female body during their menstrual age. The gland is responsible for the synthesis of hormone progesterone and is very crucial after the ovulation, during the luteal phase. Corpus luteum is a yellow colored simple mass of cells like structure synthesized by the ovaries.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Which structure of the female reproductive system is highlighted in the given image?
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6. Cause and Effect How do unequal heating
and the movement of air at the equator and at
the poles produce global wind patterns?
now crease
Answer:At the Equator, the sun warms the water and land more than it does the rest of the globe. Warm equatorial air rises higher into the atmosphere and migrates toward the poles. This is a low-pressure system. At the same time, cooler, denser air moves over Earth's surface toward the Equator to replace the heated air
Explanation:
How can observing the natural world help us find solutions to human problems?
The action of observing the natural world helps us find solutions to human problems because it is the first step of the scientific method.
What is the observational procedure in the scientific method?The observational procedure in the scientific method is the first step that requires to raise questions that are answered by plausible explanations called hypotheses, a fundamental series of stages in order to obtain scientific knowledge.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that observational procedure in the scientific method is key in order to gain scientific knowledge through the application of the scientific method.
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the movement of water across the plasma membrane can be described by all of the following except . question 9 options: a) simple diffusion b) facilitated diffusion through aquaporins c) passive membrane transport d) carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion
The movement of water across the plasma membrane can be described by all of the following except carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion (d)
Water is able to across the plasma membrane through some mechanisms. Water pass through membranes via two pathways: simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer, or water-selective facilitated diffusion. Both of them depict the passive transport. In other word, water crosses the membrane through passive transport only.
Since, the carrier-mediated transport can be active transport, this type of transport is excluded as the way for water crossing the membrane.
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the central rule of molecular biology states that dna is transcribed into rna, which is translated into protein
DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is then translated into protein, according to the fundamental principle of molecular biology.
What does DNA actually do?DNA is the molecule of information. These instructions are dispersed throughout 46 large structures called chromosomes found in each of your cells. These chromosomes are made up of numerous smaller genes, which are made up of DNA.
Where can one find DNA and what is it?The nucleus is a specific region of the cell where DNA is located in eukaryotic species. Because organisms have many DNA molecules per cell and because cells are so small, each DNA molecule needs to be well wrapped. This tightly packed DNA is known as chromosomes.
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what are the two measurements needed to determine the magnitude of an earthquake?
Answer:
maximum amplitude yes this is
What are the evolutionary origins of eukaryotes?
Answer:
Explanation:
The evolutionary origins of eukaryotes are still a subject of research and debate among scientists. However, there are several hypotheses about how eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotic cells.
One hypothesis is the endosymbiotic theory, which proposes that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between different types of prokaryotic cells. Specifically, the theory suggests that mitochondria evolved from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by larger cells and became dependent on their host cells for survival. Over time, the two cells evolved a mutually beneficial relationship, with the bacteria providing the host cell with energy in exchange for protection and nutrients. Similarly, chloroplasts in plant cells are thought to have evolved from photosynthetic bacteria that were engulfed by other cells.
Another hypothesis is the fusion theory, which suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from the fusion of multiple prokaryotic cells. This theory proposes that a host cell engulfed several other cells and that, over time, the different cells fused their genetic material and metabolic pathways, leading to the evolution of a more complex eukaryotic cell.
There is also evidence to suggest that eukaryotic cells may have evolved through a combination of both endosymbiosis and fusion events, as well as other mechanisms. However, the exact process by which eukaryotic cells evolved is still not fully understood and remains an active area of research in evolutionary biology.
Regenerate response
What are lichens a symbiotic association of?
Lichens are commonly recognized as a symbiotic association of a fungus and a chlorophyll containing partner, either green algae or cyanobacteria, or both.
why are small populations more affected by genetic drift?
Answer:
Small populations tend to lose genetic diversity more quickly than large populations due to stochastic sampling error (i.e., genetic drift). This is because some versions of a gene can be lost due to random chance, and this is more likely to occur when populations are small.
Explanation:
What makes a tree parsimonious?
The parsimony principle, which is fundamental to all research, instructs us to select the most straightforward scientific explanation that explains the data.
Maximum parsimony is an optimality criteria in phylogenetics that determines which phylogenetic tree has the fewest character-state changes overall (or minimises the cost of differentially weighted character-state changes).
The ideal tree will reduce homoplasy in accordance with the maximum-parsimony criteria (i.e., convergent evolution, parallel evolution, and evolutionary reversals). In other words, the smallest tree that adequately describes the data is preferred under this criterion. James S. Farris and Walter M. Fitch both articulated some of the fundamental concepts of maximal parsimony in 1970 and 1971, respectively.
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How many answer are there to a question in a dichotomous key flowchart?
Two answers are there to a question in a dichotomous key flowchart. Option A is correct.
Dichotomous keys are one sort of flowchart that aids in the identification of a conclusion by providing two viable responses. The shapes & lines flow in a series of yes/no questions until a conclusion is reached. A dichotomous key would be a useful scientific tool for identifying various organisms based on their visible characteristics.
Dichotomous keys are composed of a series of assertions, each with two alternatives, that direct users to the correct identification. The four most frequent forms of flowcharts are excellent for representing corporate, manufacturing, and administrative processes, as well as how an organization runs or even how different departments collaborate.
The complete question is
How many answers are there to a question in a dichotomous key flowchart?
Any number of answers are possible.
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) One
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why does the phospholipid bilayer form the way it does
The phospholipid bilayer is a complex and dynamic structure that plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating its interactions with the environment. Its formation is determined by the properties of the individual phospholipid molecules and is carefully regulated to ensure proper function.
The phospholipid bilayer is a critical component of the cellular membrane, which encloses and protects the cell's internal components. The bilayer is formed by two layers of phospholipid molecules, which have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail. The arrangement of these molecules forms a stable, flexible, and selectively permeable barrier that allows for the controlled transport of molecules in and out of the cell.
The phospholipid bilayer forms the way it does due to the properties of the phospholipid molecules. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids are attracted to water molecules, while the hydrophobic tails repel water. When these molecules are placed in a watery environment, they spontaneously form a bilayer with the hydrophilic heads oriented towards the water and the hydrophobic tails shielded from the water in the interior of the bilayer.
The bilayer structure is stabilized by a variety of interactions between the phospholipids. These include hydrogen bonds between the polar heads and van der Waals forces between the nonpolar tails. The flexibility of the bilayer allows it to respond to changes in the environment, such as changes in temperature or pressure, and to accommodate the movement of proteins and other molecules across the membrane.
In addition to the phospholipids, the membrane also contains various proteins that are embedded in or attached to the bilayer. These proteins serve a variety of functions, including transport, signaling, and structural support. The specific arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in the membrane is critical to its function and is carefully controlled by the cell.
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the organelles that digest engulfed bacteria and cell debris are the a. peroxisomes b. endosomes c. lysosomes d. ribosomes e. mitochondria
The organelles that digest engulfed bacteria and cell debris are the (c) lysosomes.
Lysosomes are organelles that are surrounded by a membrane and contain an assortment of enzymes that are able to degrade all different kinds of biological polymers, specifically proteins. Lysosomes perform the role of the digestive system of the cell.
They are responsible for breaking down the material that the cell has taken in from the outside world as well as for breaking down components that are no longer needed by the cell. Lysosomes contain potent enzymes and acids that enable them to break down and recycle the elements that make up the cell.
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it possible to use carbon-14 dating on things that were never alive? Why or why not?
No, carbon-14 dating can only be used to establish the age of objects that have historically supported life. This is due to the method's foundation in the measurement of radioactive carbon-14, which is only found in organic materials, in a sample (i.e., materials that were once living).
Cosmic rays' interactions with nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere produce carbon-14, which is then absorbed by plants during photosynthesis. Animals consume carbon-14 when they consume plants, which is then absorbed into their tissues. Scientists can measure the length of time since an organism died by measuring the quantity of carbon-14 that is still present in a sample after the carbon-14 in the tissues starts to degrade after death at a known pace.
What is photosynthesis?The four stages of photosynthesis include light absorption, electron transfer, ATP production, and carbon fixation. The equation for the photosynthetic process is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Green plants, algae, and some microorganisms transform light energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds like glucose through a process called photosynthesis. The plant cell's chloroplasts, where chlorophyll collects light and uses it to fuel chemical reactions that make glucose from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, are where this process takes place (H2O). The plant stores the glucose created during photosynthesis as energy and uses it as a source of food for itself and other organisms that consume it.
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In dna, phosphodiester bonds form with hydroxyl groups of carbons number ________ and ________ of each deoxyribose sugar.
In DNA phosphodiester bonds form with hydroxyl groups of carbons number 3' and 5' of each deoxyribose sugar.
A nucleotide is basically basic building block of the acids like the RNA and the DNA. A nucleotide basically consists of a sugar molecule which can be either ribose as in the case of RNA or deoxyribose as in the case of DNA, which is attached to the phosphate group as well as a nitrogen-containing base. The bases which make up a DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) as well as thymine (T).
In DNA, the phosphodiester bonds are there which link the nucleotides together and are basically formed with the hydroxyl groups of the carbon number 3' and 5' of each of the deoxyribose sugar.
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researchers are monitoring the sequence in which blood flows to different regions of theresa's brain while she solves simple arithmetic problems. they are most likely making use of
Researchers are monitoring the sequence in which blood flows to different regions of Theresa's brain while she solves simple arithmetic problems. They are most likely making use of: fMRI.
fMRI stands for Functional magnetic resonance imaging. It is used to measure the minute changes that occur in the flow of blood due to any brain activity. Thus, solving arithmetic problems is an activity that will cause the blood flow and hence can be detected by this technique.
Brain is the most complex organ of the body that controls different functions of the body. The brain has two hemispheres: the right and the left. The whole brain is divided as: forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
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which phrase best defines the term homologous structures? question 3 options: structures that have the same features structures that had a function in an ancestor but don't have that function today structures that are so similar that they imply a common ancestor structures that have the exact same features and functions
Homologous structure are the structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry and Homologous structures have the same structure, but may have a different function.
A not unusual place instance of homologous systems in evolutionary biology are the wings of bats and the fingers of primates. Although those systems do now no longer appearance comparable or have the equal function, genetically, they arrive from the equal shape of the final not common ancestor. Homologous systems are organs or skeletal factors of animals and organisms that, via way of means of distinctive feature in their similarity, advise their connection to a not unusual place ancestor. These systems do now no longer must appearance precisely the equal, or have the equal function.
Thus, the phrase that best describe the homologous structure is given above.
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Complete question:
Which statements describe homologous structures? Check all that apply. An example of a homologous structure is the wing of a bird and an insect. An example of a homologous structure is the forelimb of a whale, a human, and a dog. Homologous structures have the same function but a different structure. Homologous structures have the same structure, but may have a different function. Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor. Homologous structures do not indicate a common ancestor.
the flavor of a food is due to: the activation of specialized receptors in the taste buds. the combination of aroma, taste, texture, and temperature. the proportion of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes in a particular food. the relative responsiveness of different types of taste receptors.
The flavor of a food is due to the combination of aroma, taste, texture, and temperature, as well as the proportion of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter tastes in a particular food.
The relative responsiveness of different types of taste receptors also plays an important role in the flavor of a food, as different tastes will activate different receptors in the taste buds.
In addition to taste receptors, aroma also plays a role in the flavor of a food. Aromatic compounds are released when food is cooked or heated, and these compounds can contribute to the overall flavor of the food. For example, the smell of a roasted chicken can be a major component of its flavor. Similarly, the texture of a food can also play a role in its flavor. The crunchiness of a potato chip, for example, can be an important factor in its flavor.
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Cell fractionation separates individual cellular organelles by which property?
Cells are divided into the component parts through cell fractionation. Centrifugation is typically used to separate the organelles.
What procedure is utilized to separate the organelles of cells?The separation of the cellular organelles from of the cell homogenate is suggested to be accomplished using differential centrifugation. The fundamental idea underlying this procedure is that the particles were allowed to settle in the suspension using centrifugal force.
What is the cell fractionation procedure?It is the development of a uniform cells mass . It entails grinding the cells in an appropriate medium with specific enzymes present and at the proper temperature, pH, and ionic composition. Pectinase, for instance, breaks down the central lamella in plant cells.
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new plant species are sometimes formed by the hybridization of existing species. a new species retains all of the genes of each parent. for example, the variety of wheat used to make bread is a hybrid of three grass species. explain how such hybridization affects the family tree of these plants
Hybridization is the scientific procedure in which breeding of two distinct organisms is done so as to produce genetically modified species.
When the plant species are grown, they develop adaptations and evolve as per the changing environment either by speciation or natural selection process. However in hybridization, the plant or animals species with best genetic structure are selected and then they are mated either by artificial insemination (in animals) or grafting (in plants).
Through this method, the required genes are kept intact and they can also be transferred to future species. This method is also adopted for preventing extinction of species by growing them in large numbers in laboratory conditions or by hydroponics.
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