Option C is correct. Network solids typically have higher melting temperatures than molecular solids because all covalent substances having strong attractive forces between them.
Covalent network solids are composed of atoms which is covalently bonded together into a three-dimensional network or layers of two-dimensional networks. Due to the strength of covalent bonds, covalent network solids having high melting points.
A molecular solid is a solid which is composed of molecules held together by the van der Waals forces. Because these dipole forces are weaker than to the covalent or ionic bonds, molecular solids are very soft and having relatively low melting temperature.
Molecular solids are of three types: Non-polar molecular solids, Polar molecular solids and Hydrogen-bonded molecular solids. Examples are HCl, F, O, N.
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a solution where additional solute can be dissolved without outside stress?
A solution can be said to be unsaturated if additional solute can be dissolved without any external stress or pressure.
For example, when sugar is dissolved in water, the sugar is a solute and the water is the solvent. If more sugar is added, it will dissolve into the solution until it reaches its maximum solubility. This is an unsaturated solution since more sugar can still be dissolved without external stress.
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to a certain limit. Solutions are made up of a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and a solvent, which is the substance that the solute is dissolved in. Solutions can be liquid, gaseous, or solid, depending on the type of solute and solvent present.
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you calculate you need 556mg of a dry powder, which you will weigh on a torsion balance. what would this number need to be rounded to to have it be a readable value on the balance
Rounding to 560mg will make the value of 556mg visible on a torsion balance. This is because any value below 0.1mg will not be readable because the lowest count of a torsion balance is typically 0.1mg.
Torsion balance: a tool for calculating the Earth's surface gravitational acceleration. Pendulums and gravimeters are other examples of such instruments that employ various techniques to arrive at the same conclusion. The torsion balance essentially consists of two tiny masses supported at opposing ends of a beam and at different altitudes. Because the masses are impacted differently by the force of gravity, the latter is suspended from a wire that twists. An optical system detects the angular deflection () caused by the twisting of the wire, and the torque (T), or twisting force, is determined by the straightforward expression T = k, where k is a constant that relies on the characteristics of the instrument. The magnitude of the torque is proportional to the gravitational force at the point of observation.
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Flowing water, wind, sunlight, and nuclear materials are all resources that are used to generate electrical energy. Hydroelectric, wind, solar, and nuclear power stations are not believed to directly impact the global climate because
A.
they all use renewable energy resources and do not negatively impact ecosystems.
B.
they do not release any type of pollution into their surrounding environments.
C.
they are able to generate more electrical energy than other types of power stations.
D.
they do not directly release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Hydroelectric, wind, solar, and nuclear power stations are not believed to directly impact the global climate because they all use renewable energy resources and do not negatively impact ecosystems.
What is an ecosystem?
Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.
Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system.
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What are the standard temperature (in Kelvin) and pressure (in atm.) conditions for gas measurements?
The standard temperature (in Kelvin) and the pressure (in atm.) conditions for gas measurements. The Temperature is 25 degrees Celsius (273.15 degrees Kelvin) and the Pressure is 1 atm (101.325 kPa) .
The standard temperature in Kelvin and the pressure in atm are :
1) Temperature: 25 degrees Celsius or 273.15 degrees Kelvin
2) Pressure: 1 atm or 101.325 kPa
The Standard temperature and the pressure are the standard sets of the conditions for the experimental measurements that is established to allow the comparisons to be made between the different sets of data. The Standard temperature and the pressure is used in the thermodynamic calculations.
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A temperature rise of 11.5°C was observed when 0.500 g of butane gas (CH) was burnt and used to heat 500 mL of water. Calculate the heat of combustion, in kJ/g, for butane, assuming all the heat released is used to heat the water.
Dividing the heat transferred by the mass of butane (0.500 g) gives the heat of combustion of butane, which is 51.7 kJ/g.
Heat of combustion is defined as the amount of energy released when a substance is burned. To calculate the heat of combustion, the amount of heat transferred to the water needs to be determined. Using the formula for heat transfer, Q = mcΔT, where Q is the heat transferred, m is the mass of water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Given the mass of water is 500 g, specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/g°C and the temperature increase is 11.5°C, the heat transferred can be calculated as:
Q = 500 x 4.184 x 11.5 = 23,040 J/500g
heat of combustion which is 51.7 kJ/g.
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How many electrons can sulfur have in a Lewis structure?
The periodic table shows that sulphur (S), which is in Period 3, can have an extended octet and more than 8 valence electrons and 2,8,6 in a Lewis structure.
How would you define the Lewis structure using an example?The octet rule, which dictates that atoms share electrons so that each has eight in its outer shell, is the cornerstone of a Lewis structure. For particular, the outer shell of an oxygen atom has six electrons.
Why is it possible for sulphur to possess more than 8 electrons?Sulfur needs utilize multiple orbitals in addition to the ns and np valence orbitals in order to contain more than eight electrons. In principle, sulphur could contain more than eight valence electrons by occupying one or more d orbitals related to its [Ne]3s23p43d0 electron configuration.
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atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, what it?
Answer:
Isotopes.
Explanation:
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are called Isotopes.
What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
A ) carbon dioxide and water
B ) water and salt
C ) oil and water
D ) salt and carbon dioxide
E ) none of the above
The products of a neutralization reaction is carbon dioxide and water. So, option (a) is correct.
What is reaction ?
A chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals, known as reactants, into one or more new compounds, known as products. The change in concentration of any of the reactants or products per unit of time can be used to determine the rate or speed of a reaction. It is determined by the equation rate=time + concentration.
What is neutralization ?
A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base interact to produce water and salt. Water is produced by the interaction of H+ and OH- ions. The pH of a strong acid and strong base neutralized has a value of 7.
Therefore, products of a neutralization reaction is carbon dioxide and water. So, option (a) is correct.
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Which of the following is not an example of a compound?
H2
NaCl
CO
CO2
Explanation:
H2 is not an example of compound
Place each example into the corresponding characteristic used to distinguish species.
Molecular features
There are some example of characteristic used to distinguish species. Morphological Traits: the quantity of stamens in a flower.
Reproductive isolation: frequency and length of sounds in frog mating calls.
Molecular features :Amoeba mRNA sequences
Ecological factors: The section of the tree occupied by warblers for breeding and the salt marsh plants' susceptibility to saltwater.
A species cannot successfully reproduce with another species due to barriers resulting from geography, behavior, physiological, molecular features, genetic differences, or other factors. Examples of Molecular Traits of Morphological Traits features include the shape and structure of an animal's internal organs and bones, as well as alterations to the animal's external appearance. A snowshoe hare, for instance, is well-equipped for the winter months because of its huge rear feet for quick movement and its white coat for stealth.
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
Place each example into the corresponding characteristic used to distinguish species.
Morphological traits
Reproductive isolation
Molecular features
Ecological factors
The quantity of stamens in a flower.
Frequency and length of sounds in frog mating calls
Amoeba mRNA sequences
The section of the tree occupied by warblers for breeding and the salt marsh plants' susceptibility to saltwater.
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Is water and hexane polar or non-polar solvents?
Water is a polar solvent whereas, hexane is non-polar solvent.
Hexane is nonpolar, so why?Because the electronegativity difference in between carbon and carbon atoms is negligible and the hydrogen and carbon atoms have very little difference in electronegativity, hexane is non-polar. London dispersion forces hold the molecules of liquid hexane linked.
Water is a polar solvent, but why?Because the electrons of the hydrogen atoms are "pulled" toward the electrons of the oxygen atom, water (H2O) is a polar molecule. As a consequence, there is a zone of positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a zone of negative charge on the oxygen atom at the opposing end of the molecule.
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What is the functional formula of ketones?
R–C(=O)–R is the functional formula of ketones .
What are compounds ?
A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. They differ from mixtures consisting of two or more substances physically mixed without chemical bonding. Compounds have their own physical and chemical properties that differ from those of individual elements. For example, the compound water (H2O) has different properties (boiling point, density, solubility, etc.) than its components hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).
Compounds are formed by chemical reactions in which atoms of different elements combine to form new substances. The formation of a compound can be represented by a chemical formula that indicates the type and number of atoms in the compound.
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what is the ph of a solution that has [h3o ] = 3.98 x10-3 m?
Therefore, the solution's ph is 2.40. The hydronium ion concentration in moles per liter must be known in order to compute the pH of an aqueous solution (molarity). After that, the pH is determined using the formula pH = - log [H3O+].
What is the formula for pH?The acidity or basicity of a solution can be conveniently represented using the pH scale. The hydronium ion concentration's negative logarithm, or pH = -log[H3O+], can be used to determine a solution's pH.
What does pH's full form mean?"Potential of Hydrogen" is the full name of pH. pH is referred to as the negative logarithm of the concentration of H+ ions. So, the definition of pH is "the strength of hydrogen" or "the power of hydrogen."
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When one atom loses an electron and another atom accepts that electron a(n) __________ bond between the two atoms results.a) hydrogenb) ionicc) radioactived) covalente) explosive
When one atom loses an electron and another atom accepts that electron, an ionic bond between the two atoms results.
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed between a positively charged ion (called a cation) and a negatively charged ion (called an anion). The transfer of electrons from one atom to another creates ions with opposite charges that are attracted to each other, resulting in a strong bond. Ionic bonds are usually formed between metal and non-metal elements, and are characterized by the high electronegativity difference between the atoms involved. Unlike covalent bonds, ionic bonds are directional and have a relatively high ionization energy and lattice energy, making them relatively strong and difficult to break.
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what properties of life does water have
High heat capability, high heat of vaporisation, cohesion, adhesion, and decreased density when frozen. Polarity. "Universal" solvent.
What are properties defined as?According to the definition of a property, anything that has been owned by a individual or a company qualifies. A property could be anything physical like a house, car, or clothing, or it could be something intangible like stocks, patents, etc.
What is property and types?Property refers to anything that somebody, whether an individual or corporate entity, has a legitimate title to. Due to its legal title, the owners have certain rights or duties regarding it. It can be classified as either tangible or intangible. Tangibles include things like furniture, real estate, vehicles, and business equipment.
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Water have properties such as high heat capability, high heat of vaporization, cohesion, adhesion, and decreased density when frozen. polarity.
What are properties defined as?
According to the definition of a property, anything that has been owned by a individual or a company qualifies. A property could be anything physical like a house, car, or clothing, or it could be something intangible like stocks, patents, etc.
What is property and types?
Property refers to anything that somebody, whether an individual or corporate entity, has a legitimate title to. Due to its legal title, the owners have certain rights or duties regarding it. It can be classified as either tangible or intangible. Tangibles include things like furniture, real estate, vehicles, and business equipment.
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Suppose you are told that 15 quarts (qt)=14.2 liters (L).
a. What is the conversion factor you would use to convert from quarts to liters?
b. What is the conversion factor you would use to convert liters to quarts?
a. The conversion factor to convert quarts to liters is 0.946352946 liters per quart (L/qt). This can be calculated by dividing 14.2 L by 15 qt:
14.2 L / 15 qt = 0.946352946 L/qt
b. The conversion factor to convert liters to quarts is 1.057 quarts per liter (qt/L). This can be calculated by dividing 15 qt by 14.2 L:
15 qt / 14.2 L = 1.057 qt/L
How to define quarts?
Quarts is a unit of measurement for volume, equal to one fourth of a gallon or two pints. It is also a unit of dry measurement, equal to one eighth of a peck, two pints, or four cups.
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How to read the periodic table ?
The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in an element's nucleus. The elements are arranged in rows (periods) and columns (groups) based on their chemical and physical properties.
How to read Periodic table?
To read the periodic table, start by identifying the element symbol, which is a one- or two-letter code for each element. The symbol is located at the center of each square in the periodic table. The element name, atomic number, and other properties, such as atomic weight and electron configuration, are usually listed along the sides or bottom of the periodic table.
Each row of the periodic table represents a period, and each column represents a group or family of elements. The elements within a group have similar properties, such as electron configuration, reactivity, and reactivity trends.
By reading the periodic table, you can quickly gather information about an element's properties, including its reactivity, electron configuration, and other characteristics.
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for any of the following that can exist as isomers, state the type of isomerism. [co(nh3)5cl]br2
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Br2 optical isomers geometric isomers linkage isomers coordination isomers .
Isomers are substances that have the exact same number of atoms as one another, meaning they have the exact same empirical formula, but differ from one another in terms of how the atoms are ordered. Ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene are some examples of isomers having the formula C8H10.
Dimethyl ether and ethanol are isomers of one another because they both have the same chemical formula, C2H6O, but different structural formulas. 2. Neopentane, pentane, and iso-pentane are all isomers of one another.
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What does the abbreviation VSEPR stand for?
The abbreviation VSEPR stand for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion.
What are the characteristics of VSEPR?
1. VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion, which describes how electron pairs repel each other, causing molecules to adopt certain shapes.
2. VSEPR predicts the geometry of a molecule based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom.
3. Electron pairs attempt to maximize their distance from each other, resulting in the arrangement of atoms in a molecule that most minimizes electron-pair repulsions.
4. VSEPR theory states that the electron pairs around the central atom are arranged in a way that minimizes repulsions between them, which results in the particular shape of a molecule.
5. VSEPR also predicts the relative bond angles between atoms in a molecule, and can be used to explain some of the properties of molecules.
VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. It is a model used in chemistry to predict the molecular geometry of molecules based on the repulsion of the valence electrons in the outermost shells of the atoms that comprise the molecule.
Therefore, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion is the answer.
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calculate the ph of a 0.050 m (c2h5)2nh solution (kb = 1.3 x 10-3).
pH of the 0.050 M (C2H5)2NH solution is calculated to be approximately 5.06.
What is meant by pH?The pH of a solution can be calculated from its concentration of hydrogen ions [H+].
Equilibrium constant for given reaction can be expressed as:
Kb = [C2H5NH+][OH-] / [(C2H5)2NH]
Kb is the base dissociation constant, given as 1.3 × 10^-3.
As, [H+][OH-] = Kw
where Kw is the ion product constant for water, equal to 1.0 × 10^-1
[H+]^2 = Kw / Kb = 1.0 × 10^-14 / 1.3 × 10^-3 = 7.69 × 10^-12
[H+] = 8.8 × 10^-6
pH = -log[H+] = -log(8.8 × 10^-6) = 5.06
So, the pH of the 0.050 M (C2H5)2NH solution is approximately 5.06.
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how many mg ions are present in 3.00 moles of mgcl2?
There would be 72930 mg of magnesium ions in 3.00 moles of MgCl₂.
To find the number of mg ions in 3.00 moles of MgCl₂, we need to understand that one mole of MgCl₂ contains one mole of magnesium ions (Mg₂+) and two moles of chloride ions (Cl-).
So, in 3.00 moles of MgCl₂, there would be 3.00 moles x 1 mole Mg₂+/mole MgCl₂ = 3.00 moles of magnesium ions.
To convert moles to milligrams, we multiply by the atomic weight of magnesium, which is 24.31 g/mole:
3.00 moles x 24.31 g/mole = 72.93 g
And finally, to convert grams to milligrams, we multiply by 1000:
72.93 g x 1000 mg/g = 72930 mg
So, there would be 72930 mg of magnesium ions in 3.00 moles of MgCl₂.
Ions are charged particles that form when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons. The resulting ion has a net positive or negative charge, depending on whether electrons were lost (positive ion) or gained (negative ion). Ions play a crucial role in many chemical and biological processes, including chemical reactions, electrolysis, and the transport of ions through cell membranes. The charge of an ion determines its behavior and interaction with other ions and molecules. Positive ions, also known as cations, tend to be metal atoms that have lost electrons, while negative ions, also known as anions, tend to be non-metal atoms that have gained electrons.
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how many atoms of deuterium in 2kg of water
The number of the atom of the deuterium in the 2kg of the water is 1.54 × 10²² atoms.
The amount of the water = 2 kg
The moles of the water = mass / molar mass
The moles of the water = ( 2 × 1000 g) / 18 g/mol
The moles of the water = 111.11 mol
1 mole of substance = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
Number of molecules of water = 111.11 × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
Number of the molecules of water = 6.70 × 10²⁵ molecules
The hydrogen atoms present = 2 × 6.70 × 10²⁵
= 1.34 × 10²⁶ atoms
The natural abundance of the deuterium = 0.0115 %.
The number atoms of deuterium = 0.0115 % × 1.34 × 10²⁶ atoms
The number atoms of deuterium = 1.54 × 10²² atoms
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why do soap molecules surround a stain
The head of a soap molecule is polar. A soap molecule's tail is nonpolar.. Having both polar and nonpolar parts allows the soap to interact with both water and grease molecules.
A micelle is created when the nonpolar ends of the soap molecules assemble around the grease mark. Detergents and other cleaning solutions contain surfactants, which are molecules that make it easier for water and other substances to mix together, such as oil or grease. After the surfactant makes water penetrate a stain and lift dirt particles off the fabric, the rinse sweeps the dirt away.In hot water, the fats and oils soften or melt, making it easier for them to adhere to the hydrophobic end of the soap molecule.
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do water molecules have high cohesion
According to the aforementioned assertion, water has the highest level of cohesiveness among non-metallic liquids.
What is molecule and its types?(1) A molecules is the smallest constituent of a chemical compound and element that possesses the elemental composition of that constituent or element. Chemical bonds are used to connect molecules to create molecules. Two different categories of molecules exist: 2. The molecules of an element The molecules that make up an element.
Is water a molecule?Atoms come together to form molecules. These three atoms that make up a molecule of water are two oxygen (O) atoms, one hydro (H) molecule, and another. As a result, water is sometimes abbreviated as H2O. A single drop of liquid contains billions of water molecules in reality.
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What is the pH of sulfur dioxide?
5.2 is the pH of sulfur dioxide .
What is pH ?
It is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral,
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Sulfur dioxide is an acidic gas, with a pH of about 4.0.
What is Sulfur dioxide?Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless, reactive gas with a pungent odor. It is a major air pollutant produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels contain sulfur which, when burned, produces sulfur dioxide. This gas is a major component of air pollution and can have serious health impacts. Inhaling sulfur dioxide can irritate the throat, eyes, and lungs and cause asthma attacks, bronchitis, and other respiratory illnesses. It can also lead to acid rain, which damages crops, ecosystems, and human-made structures.
This acidity is due to the presence of SO2 molecules in the atmosphere, which can react with other molecules to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4). As a result, sulfur dioxide can lower the pH of a system, making it more acidic.
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what is the empirical formula of a compound if its molecular formula is c4 f8 ?
The empirical formula for the chemical having the molecular formula C4F8 is CF2.
This is due to the fact that the empirical formula only represents the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound, which in this case is 1:2.
A chemical compound's empirical formula is the simplest whole-number ratio of its atoms. It indicates the molecular formula's smallest, non-reduced version.
To reach the simplest ratio, divide the number of each type of atom in the molecular formula by the greatest common factor. Because 4 and 8 are both divisible by 4, the empirical formula is C1F2, which can be further simplified to CF2.
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How many milliliters of water are needed to prepare 2. 50 M of calcium nitrate solution if 3. 66g are used?
There would be 8.9 mL of water are needed to prepare 2. 50 M of calcium nitrate solution if 3. 66g are used
To find the volume, first we should calculate the moles of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂)
Moles Ca(NO₃)₂ = mass / mass molar
Moles Ca(NO₃)₂ = 3. 66 g / 164.088 g/mol
Moles Ca(NO₃)₂ = 0.0223 moles
we already know that
moles = concentration x volume
volume = moles / concentration
volume = 0.0223 moles / 2. 50 M
volume = 0.0089 L = 8.9 mL
Therefore, if 3. 66g calcium nitrate are used, 8.9 mL of water would be required to prepare exactly 2. 50 M of calcium nitrate solution.
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automotive air bags inflate when sodium azide decomposes explosively to its constituent elements. how many grams of sodium azide are required to produce 24.4 l of nitrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure?
There would be 47.2 grams of sodium azide are required to produce 24.4 l of nitrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure
Avogadro's law states that 1 mole of each material at STP occupies 22.4 L and includes an avogadro's number 6.02 x10 ²³ of particles.
Equation of the reaction
2NaN₃⇒ 2Na + 3N₂(g)
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/mol
The moles are identified using the equation below:Number of moles = volume/molar volume
Moles N₂=24.4L/22.4L
Moles N₂= 1.09 mole
2 moles of sodium azide turn into 3 moles of nitrogen according to stoichiometry.
Moles NaN₃ can we calculate using the unitary method
Moles NaN₃ 2/3 x moles N₂
Moles NaN₃ = 2/3 x 1.09
Moles NaN₃ =0.726 moles
Molar mass of NaN₃ = 65 g/mol
Mass = moles x molar mass
= 65g / moles x 0.726 moles
= 47.2 g of NaN₃
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The dissolution process is represented by the following equation: CaCl₂ (s) Ca²+ (aq) + 2C1¯ (aq) The value for AHis 81.8 kJ for the reaction as written. (No sign has been included, as you are asked for that in Part 1.) When 0.0261 mol CaCl₂ is used in a hot pack, kJ of heat is produced by the hot pack.
The heat produced by the reaction is -2.14 kJ. The negative sign indicates that heat is released from the reaction, which is consistent with the exothermic nature of the reaction.
The dissolution process of CaCl₂ can be described as an exothermic reaction, as heat is released during the reaction. The heat released by the reaction can be calculated from the change in enthalpy (ΔH) using the equation:
q = ΔH * n
where q is the heat produced by the reaction, ΔH is the change in enthalpy, and n is the number of moles of CaCl₂ that reacts.
Given:
ΔH = -81.8 kJ/mol (negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic)
n = 0.0261 mol of CaCl₂
Therefore,
q = ΔH * n = -81.8 kJ/mol * 0.0261 mol = -2.14 kJ
The heat produced by the reaction is -2.14 kJ. The negative sign indicates that heat is released from the reaction, which is consistent with the exothermic nature of the reaction.
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When the pH of a solution decreases by 1, say from pH = 3 to pH = 2, by what factor does the hydronium ion concentration increase? Why?Chemistry Acids and Bases pH calculations
When the pH of the solution decreases by 1, from pH = 3 to pH = 2 , by the factor does the hydronium ion concentration increase is 10.
The pH of the solution decreases by 1
The pH = 3
The pH = 2
The pH formula is expressed as :
pH = - log [ H₃O⁺]
For pH = 3
pH = - log [ H₃O⁺]
[ H₃O⁺] = 10⁻³
For pH = 2
pH = - log [ H₃O⁺]
[ H₃O⁺] = 10⁻²
The change in pH = 10
The hydronium ion concentration will increase by the tenfold (10).
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