(S)-2-butanol will undergo an SN2 reaction with HBr to produce a racemic mixture of alkyl bromides. Here option B is the correct answer.
When optically active alcohol is treated with HBr, the reaction follows an SN1 or SN2 mechanism. In the case of SN1, a carbocation intermediate is formed, and in SN2, a backside attack by the nucleophile occurs. The stereochemistry of the product depends on the configuration of the intermediate and the direction of attack.
In the case of (S)-2-butanol, the hydroxyl group is attached to the second carbon atom, which makes it a primary alcohol. When treated with HBr, it undergoes an SN2 reaction, where the hydroxyl group is replaced by the bromine atom. The nucleophile attacks from the backside of the molecule, leading to an inversion of configuration.
This results in the formation of a racemic mixture of alkyl bromides, as both enantiomers have an equal chance of being attacked from either side. On the other hand, (R)-2-butanol, being the enantiomer of (S)-2-butanol, will also undergo the same reaction and produce the same racemic mixture of alkyl bromides.
In the case of (R)-1-phenyl ethanol and (S)-1-phenyl ethanol, they are secondary alcohols and can undergo either SN1 or SN2 reactions depending on the reaction conditions. However, the reaction mechanism will lead to the formation of a mixture of diastereomers, rather than a racemic mixture of enantiomers.
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Complete question:
Which of the following optically active alcohols, when treated with HBr, results in a racemic mixture of alkyl bromides?
a) (R)-2-butanol
b) (S)-2-butanol
c) (R)-1-phenyl ethanol
d) (S)-1-phenyl ethanol
Given the equilibrium constants for the equilibria, 2NH4+(aq) + 2H2O(l) <-->2NH3(aq) + 2H3O+(aq); Kc = 3.24 x 10^-19 CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) <--> CH3COOH (aq) + H3O+(aq); Kc = 1.75 x 10^-5 determine Kc for the following equilibrium. CH3COOH(aq) + NH3(aq) --> CH3COOH (aq) + NH4+(aq)
Given the equilibrium constants for the equilibria, Kc for the following
equilibrium is 3.06 × 10⁴
What is equilibrium constant ?A chemical reaction's equilibrium constant is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state attained by a dynamic chemical system after a sufficient amount of time has passed in which its composition has no measurable tendency to change further. The equilibrium constant is independent of the initial analytical concentrations of the reactant and product species in the mixture for a given set of reaction conditions. As a result, given the initial composition of a system, known equilibrium constant values can be used to determine the system's composition at equilibrium. Temperature, solvent, and ionic strength, for example, can all influence the value of the equilibrium constant.
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4. What volume, in cm', of 0. 100 moldm³ H₂SO, will produce an acid salt using 50.00cm³ of 0.200 moldm³ KOH solution? -3 C 75.00 D. 100.00 A. 25.00 B. 50.00 C 75.00
Answer:
50.00 cm³
Explanation:
Relevant formula:
n = V × c
n = number of moles (mol)
V = volume (dm³)
c = concentration (mol/dm³)
1. Work out moles of KOH
V = 50cm³ = 0.05dm³
Note: remember to convert to the right units (1 dm³ = 1000cm³)
c = 0.2
n = 0.05 × 0.2
n = 0.01
2. Use balanced reaction equation to find the moles of H2SO4
c = 0.1
H2SO4 + 2KOH --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
Ratio of KOH to H2SO4:
2 : 1 (--> 1 is ½ of 2)
If we have 0.01 moles of KOH therefore:
0.01 : x
x = 0.005 (i.e. ½ of 0.01)
3. Calculate volume of H2SO4
n = V × c
0.005 = V × 0.1
V = 0.005 ÷ 0.1
V = 0.05
This reaction will take 0.05 dm³ of H2SO4, or 50 cm³
Which of the following are things to avoid during this column chromatography experiment? Choose all that apply.
To ensure successful column chromatography, you should take care to avoid introducing too much solvent, adding too much sample, not allowing enough time, not adjusting the pH of the eluent, using a column that is too long, not allowing the column to equilibrate, and using a packing material that is too coarse.
The following should be avoided during a column chromatography experiment:
1. Introducing too much solvent at once - this can cause flooding and may affect the separation.
2. Adding too much sample to the column - this can lead to inefficient separation.
3. Not allowing enough time for the chromatography to run - this can lead to incomplete separation.
4. Failing to adjust the pH of the eluent to match the sample - this can lead to poor resolution.
5. Using a column that is too long - this can lead to band broadening and poor separation.
6. Not allowing the column to equilibrate before running the sample - this can lead to poor resolution.
7. Using a column with a packing material that is too coarse - this can lead to inefficient separation.
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1. What volume of hydrogen gas at STP is produced from the
reaction of 50.0g of Mg and 75.0 grams of HCl? How much
of the excess reagent is left over (in grams)?
Answer:
1.03 mol of dihydrogen gas will evolve, with a volume slightly over 22.4 dm3 at ST P. Explanation: Moles of magnesium: 50.0 ⋅ g 24.31 ⋅ g ⋅ mol−1 = 2.06 mol Moles of hydrogen chloride gas: 75.0 ⋅ g 36.2⋅ g ⋅ mol−1 = 2.07 mol
Explanation:
HOPE THAT HELPS ! <3
A sample of a gas occupies 460 ML at 70.0 degree celcius and 1.00 atmosphere. At what temperature would the gas occupy 650 ML at the same pressure
approximately 210.92°C to occupy a volume of 650 mL at 1.00 atm pressure.
At the same pressure of 1.00 atmosphere, the gas would occupy 650 mL at a temperature of approximately 212.33 degrees Celsius.
To solve this problem, we use combined gas law equation:
(P₁ × V₁) / T₁ = (P₂ × V₂) / T₂
Where:
P₁ = Initial pressure
V₁ = Initial volume
T = Initial temperature
P₂ = Final pressure (same as initial pressure)
V₂ = Final volume
T₂ = Final temperature
Given:
P₁ = P₂ = 1.00 atm (pressure remains constant)
V₁ = 460 mL
T₁ = 70.0 degrees Celsius (converted to Kelvin)
V₂ = 650 mL
First, let's convert the initial temperature to Kelvin:
T₁(K) = T₁(°C) + 273.15
T₁(K) = 70.0 + 273.15
T₁(K) = 343.15 K
Now we plug in the values into the combined gas law equation and solve for T₂
(1.00 × 460) / 343.15 = (1.00 × 650) / T₂
Simplifying the equation:
460 / 343.15 = 650 / T₂
Cross-multiplying and solving for T₂
460 × T₂ = 650 × 343.15
T₂ = (650 × 343.15) / 460
Calculating T₂
T₂ = 485.48 K
Now, let's convert the final temperature from Kelvin back to degrees Celsius:
T₂(°C) = T₂(K) - 273.15
T₂(°C) = 485.48 - 273.15
T₂(°C) = 212.33°C
Therefore, at the same pressure of 1.00 atmosphere, the gas occupied 650 mL at a temperature of approximately 212.33 degrees Celsius.
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There are 7.68 × 1025 atoms of phosphorous in how many moles of diphosphorous pentoxide?
Answer:
7.68 x 1025 atoms of phosphorous correspond to 1.06 mole of diphosphorous pentoxide. This can also be written as 1.06 mol of P2O5.
a sealed vessel, containing NO2 and CO2 gases has a total pressure of 2558g mmHg. what is the partial pressure (in mmHg) if the partial pressure of CO2 is 795 mmHg
The partial pressure (in mmHg) if the partial pressure of CO2 is 795 mmHg is given as 1763 mmHg.
How to solve for the partial pressureTo find the partial pressure of NO2, we can use the formula:
total pressure = partial pressure of NO2 + partial pressure of CO2
We know that the total pressure is 2558 mmHg, and the partial pressure of CO2 is 795 mmHg. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
2558 mmHg = partial pressure of NO2 + 795 mmHg
To solve for the partial pressure of NO2, we can subtract 795 mmHg from both sides:
2558 mmHg - 795 mmHg = partial pressure of NO2
This gives us:
1763 mmHg = partial pressure of NO2
Therefore, the partial pressure of NO2 is 1763 mmHg.
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Calculate number of atoms in 30g Na
Answer:
The molar mass of Na is 22.99 g/mol (rounded to two decimal places).
To calculate the number of atoms in 30 g Na, we first need to convert the mass to moles using the molar mass:
moles of Na = 30 g / 22.99 g/mol = 1.304 mol (rounded to three decimal places)
Next, we can use Avogadro's number, which tells us the number of particles (atoms, molecules, etc.) in one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number is approximately 6.02 x 10^23 particles per mole.
So, to find the number of atoms in 1.304 moles of Na:
number of atoms = 1.304 mol x (6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 7.854 x 10^23 atoms
Therefore, there are approximately 7.854 x 10^23 atoms in 30 g Na.
It is advantageous for a predator to prey exclusively on a single prey species
Answer: It is not necessarily advantageous for a predator to prey exclusively on a single prey species, as this can limit their options and make them vulnerable if the population of that prey species declines or becomes extinct. Predators that are more flexible and able to switch between different prey species may be better equipped to survive and thrive in changing environments.
However, there are some advantages to specializing in a single prey species. For example, a predator that is well adapted to hunting a particular prey species may be more efficient and successful at capturing and consuming that prey, which could provide a reliable source of energy. Additionally, if the predator and prey have co-evolved, the predator may have adaptations that specifically allow it to exploit the weaknesses or vulnerabilities of its prey, giving it an advantage over predators that are less specialized.
compound x has the molecular formula c9h19cl, and when treated with koh in ethanol, only one product is obtained. which of the following is compound x?
Compound X is a tertiary alkyl chloride, C9H19Cl. When treated with KOH in ethanol, it will produce an alcohol, C9H20O, as the only product.
The chemical substance having the formula CH2=CHCH2Cl is known as allyl chloride. This colourless liquid is soluble in typical organic solvents but insoluble in water. It is mostly transformed into epichlorohydrin, which is used to make plastics. It's a propylene derivative that has been chlorinated. It is a valuable and dangerous substance to handle because it is an alkylating agent.
Tertiary haloalkane (3o haloalkane; tertiary haloalkyl halide): a haloalkane (alkyl halide) in which a tertiary carbon is joined to a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I). Tertiary alkyl halides like 2-chloro-2-methylpropane are characteristic of this class.
It can be synthesized through the reaction of an alkene with SOCl2 in the presence of a Lewis acid.
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The complete question is:
Compound X has the molecular formula C9H19Cl, and when treated with KOH in ethanol, 3 total products are obtained. Which of the following is compound X?
Identify the strongest acid
Select one:
a. H2O
b. H2Se
c. H2S
d. H2Te
Answer:
H2Te
Explanation:
Hydrogen telluride is the strongest acid among the options above.
What are the shapes for s, p, and d orbitals? 2) How many 1s orbitals are there in an atom? 4p? 48?
1) The shape of an s-orbital is a sphere.
2) There is only one 1s orbital in an atom since the principal quantum number, n, is equal to one.
1) The following is the shape of orbitals:
s --> sphere
2) There is only one 1s orbital in an atom since the principal quantum number, n, is equal to one.
For a 4p orbital, the principal quantum number is 4, the azimuthal quantum number is 1, and there are three possible magnetic quantum numbers (-1, 0, 1), resulting in three separate 4p orbitals.
It is impossible for an atom to contain 48 orbitals because it would necessitate a principal quantum number of 7, which is not feasible. Finally, there is no definitive response to the number of orbitals in an atom with 200 electrons since it would rely on various quantum numbers that cannot be inferred from this information alone.
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Calculate how much solid NaH2PO4•H20 and Na2HPO4 are required to prepare 50.00 mL of a 0.100 M buffer that is 0.0500 M in NaH2PO4 and has a pH of 7.20?
To prepare 50.00 mL of a 0.100 M buffer that is 0.0500 M in NaH2PO4 and has a pH of 7.20, 0.345 g of NaH2PO4•H2O and 3.15 g of Na2HPO4 are required.
Calculate the ratio of [A^-]/[HA] using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:[A^-]/[HA] = 10^(pH - pKa) = 10^(7.20 - 7.21) = 0.891
Calculate the concentrations of NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 in the buffer:[HA] = 0.0500 M
[A^-] = [HA] x [A^-]/[HA] = 0.0500 M x 0.891 = 0.0445 M
Calculate the moles of NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 required to make 50.00 mL of the buffer solution:moles of NaH2PO4 = 0.0500 M x 50.00 mL / 1000 mL = 0.00250 mol
moles of Na2HPO4 = 0.0445 M x 50.00 mL / 1000 mL = 0.00223 mol
Calculate the mass of NaH2PO4•H2O and Na2HPO4 required using their molar masses:mass of NaH2PO4•H2O = 0.00250 mol x 138.0 g/mol = 0.345 g
mass of Na2HPO4 = 0.00223 mol x 141.96 g/mol = 3.15 g
What is pH?
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in moles per liter (M), pH = -log[H+].
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FILL IN THE BLANK.If a neutral acid donates a proton, the conjugate base will have a charge of _______. - Type both an integer and a sign for your answer.
The conjugate base of a neutral acid that donates a proton will have a charge of -1.
When a neutral acid donates a proton, it is undergoing a process called deprotonation, meaning it has lost a proton from its molecular structure. In this reaction, the neutral acid becomes an anion (negatively charged ion) and the proton is picked up by the base, which is then referred to as the conjugate base of the acid. The conjugate base will have a charge of -1 because it now has one extra electron relative to the original neutral acid.
To illustrate this reaction, consider acetic acid (CH3COOH) donating a proton to a base. When the acid donates a proton, it becomes an anion, CH3COO-, and the base, which has gained a proton, is the conjugate base and has a charge of -1.
In summary, when a neutral acid donates a proton, the conjugate base will have a charge of -1.
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Given that 4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O, if 3.00 mol NH3 were made to react with excess of oxygen gas, the amount of H2O formed would be
match each substance correctly to the principal type(s) of intermolecular force(s) present, other than covalent bonding.
Substance intermolecular force
CH2OH ---> Hydrogen bonding
CH3F --> Dipole-dipole forces
C3H8 --> Dispersion forces
CaCL2 --> Ionic bonding
The intermolecular force present in CH2OH is hydrogen bonding. The intermolecular force present in CH3F is Dipole-dipole forces. Ionic bonding is defined as a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities. It is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. Hydrogen bonding results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom.
Dipole-dipole forces are defined as a attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. Dispersion force is defined as a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
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The complete question is,
Match each substance correctly to the principal type(s) of intermolecular force(s) present, other than covalent bonding.
CH2OH Ionic bonding
CH3F Hydrogen bonding
C3H8 Dispersion forces
CaCL2 Dipole-dipole forces
based on the mass spectrum of a pure element represented above, the average atomic mass of the element is closest to which of the following?
Based on the mass spectrum of a pure element represented above, the average atomic mass of the element is closest to 186.3 amu .
What is mass spectrum ?A mass spectrum is simply a plot of the [tex]\frac{m}{z}[/tex] ratios of the ions present in a sample versus their intensities. Each peak in a mass spectrum represents a unique [tex]\frac{m}{z}[/tex] component in the sample, and the heights of the peaks indicate the relative abundance of the various components in the sample.
explanation ,
The relative abundance of isotopes with atomic number masses 90 and 92 would have a weightage average less than 91. With the influence of the mass and abundance of the isotope with atomic number 94, the weightage average would be closer to 91.
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Complete question
Based on the mass spectrum of a pure element represented above, the average atomic mass of the element is closest to which of the following? (65% abundance of 187; 37% abundance of 185)
a) 185.7 amu
b) 186.0 amu
c) 186.3 amu
d) 186.9 amu
how many moles of CaO will form if 10.0 moles of CO2 are produced
Straw like organ used to intake for and water or dispose of waste
A tube is the term used to describe the straw-like organ utilized by both plants and animals to consume food and water or to eliminate waste.
What is tube?A hollow, cylindrical structure that is often present in living things is referred to as a tube. Many biological structures, such as blood veins, intestines, respiratory tracts, and the reproductive system, contain tubes. Many biological functions, including the passage of nutrients, the exchange of gases, and the removal of waste materials, depend on tubes.
These tubes are referred to as xylem and phloem in plants. While the phloem moves sugars and other nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant, the xylem is in charge of moving water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Animals have many species-specific tube-like organs in charge of intake and waste elimination. Mammals, for instance, have a sophisticated digestive system that consists of the anus, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Together, these organs help the body digest food, extract nutrients, and get rid of waste.
Generally, tubes or channels are essential for both plant and animal life because they let them take in the substances they need and let waste out.
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which one of the following elements will combine with chlorine in a 1:2 ratio to give a formula of xcl 2 ? f al c mg na
Answer: the answer is Mg
Explanation: Trust me
The sublimation of solid CO₂ is best classified as a Choose 1 answer: physical change because only dispersion forces between CO₂ molecules are disrupted physical change because only ionic bonds between C4+ and 0²- ions are broken chemical change because C-O bonds are broken and C-C and 0-0 bonds are formed chemical change because covalent bonds between CO₂ molecules are broken
The sublimation of solid carbon(IV) oxide is best classified as a physical change because only dispersion forces between CO₂ molecules are disrupted. That is option A.
What is sublimation?Sublimation is defined as the conversion of a substance from the solid to the gaseous state without its becoming liquid.
A Physical change can be defined as the change in form of matter without change in its chemical identity.
The solid carbon dioxide is the same carbon dioxide is still present, it just undergoes a phase change to become a colorless gas.
Therefore, the best statement that can be used to classify the sublimation of carbon dioxide is that it's a physical change.
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Each of the properties that follow is a characteristics of the carbon atom. in each case, indicate how the property contributes to the role of the carbon atom as the most important atom in biological molecules.
a. the carbon atom has a valence of four.
b. the carbon-carbon bond has a bond energy that is above the energy of photons of light in the visible range(400-700)
c. carbon is one of the lightest elements to form a covalent bond.
d. carbon can form single, double and triple bonds.
e. the carbon atom is a tetrahedral structure.
Carbon's unique properties such as having a valence of four, the ability to form various types of bonds including double and triple bonds, and its tetrahedral structure.
What are the properties of carbon bonds?
a. The carbon atom's valence of four enables it to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms, allowing for the formation of diverse organic molecules. This property makes carbon the backbone of many biological molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
b. The high bond energy of carbon-carbon bonds makes them stable and resistant to breaking under normal physiological conditions, contributing to the stability of biological molecules. This property allows for the formation of complex macromolecules, such as enzymes and DNA, which are essential to life.
c. Carbon's relatively low atomic weight allows it to form strong covalent bonds without adding significant mass to the molecule. This property is essential for the formation of large and complex biological molecules, which require many carbon atoms to function properly.
d. The ability of carbon to form single, double, and triple bonds allows for the formation of diverse molecular structures, including cyclic structures and branching chains. This property contributes to the diversity of organic molecules found in living organisms, allowing for the creation of molecules with specific functions.
e. The tetrahedral structure of the carbon atom enables it to form strong and stable bonds with other atoms while maintaining a relatively stable geometry. This property is essential for the formation of complex three-dimensional structures in proteins and other biological molecules, allowing them to perform specific functions within cells.
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Let's put this knowledge to the test! How many atoms are in 14 moles of cadmium? Remember that 1 mole would contain 6.02214 x 1023 atoms of cadmium.
Atoms in 14 moles of cadmium are 84.3 × 10²³ atoms .This is taken out by mole concept via Avogadro number .
What is Avogadro number ?The Avogadro constant, also known as NA or L, is a proportionality factor that relates the number of constituent particles (typically molecules, atoms, or ions) in a sample to the amount of substance in that sample. It is a SI defining constant with the exact value of 6.02214076×10²³. Stanislao Cannizzaro named it after the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who explained it four years after Avogadro's death at the Karlsruhe Congress in 1860.
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The chemical potential energy of bond A is greater than the chemical potential energy of bond B. Which statement best explains this observation?(1 point)a-The atoms in bond A are larger than the atoms in bond B.b-The atoms in bond A have fewer bonds between them than the atoms in bond B.c-The atoms in bond A are held more tightly together than the atoms in bond B.d-The atoms in bond A are farther apart than the atoms in bond B.
If the chemical potential energy of bond A is greater than the chemical potential energy of bond B, then this means that atoms in bond A are held more tightly together than the atoms in bond B. So option c. is correct.
What is chemical potential energy?Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of matter. These reactions involve breaking chemical bonds between molecules and reforming them into new configurations. Excess energy is released and released as heat or work.
Dynamite is a good example of chemical potential energy. The main component of dynamite is nitroglycerin, a highly unstable substance. Mixing it with diatomaceous earth increases its stability and makes it less likely to explode when subjected to physical impact. When ignited, nitroglycerin explodes rapidly, releasing large amounts of nitrogen and other gases along with enormous amounts of heat.
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The complete question is as follows:
The chemical potential energy of bond A is greater than the chemical potential energy of bond B. Which statement best explains this observation?(1 point)
a-The atoms in bond A are larger than the atoms in bond B.
b-The atoms in bond A have fewer bonds between them than the atoms in bond B.
c-The atoms in bond A are held more tightly together than the atoms in bond B.
d-The atoms in bond A are farther apart than the atoms in bond B.
The speed of sound in a solid medium is 15 times greater than that in air. If the frequency of a wave in the solid is 87 KHz, then what is the wavelength? ( The speed of sound in air is 344 m/s.) m
The wavelength of the sound in the solid medium, given that the speed of the sound in the solid is 15 times greater than that in air is 0.06 m
How do i determine the wavelength?The wavelength of a wave is defined by the following formular:
Velocity (v) = wavelength (λ) × frequency (f)
v = λf
The following data were obtained from the question:
Speed of sound wave in air (c) of = 344 m/sSpeed of sound in solid medium (v) = 15 × c = 15 × 344 = 5160 m/sFrequency (f) = 87 KHz = 87 × 1000 = 87000 HzWavelength (λ) = ?Velocity (v) = wavelength (λ) × frequency (f)
5160 = wavelength × 87000
Divide both sides by 87000
Wavelength = 5160 / 87000
Wavelength = 0.06 m
Therefore, we can conclude that the wavelength is 0.06 m
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THEORY 1. illustrate the formation of the Compound AIC 13 Electron dot representation.
The electron representation shows the electrons in the atoms as dots as in the image attached.
What is electron dot representation?An electron dot representation, also known as a Lewis dot structure or electron dot diagram, is a way of representing the valence electrons of an atom using dots around the symbol of the element.
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom, and they play an important role in chemical bonding. The electron dot representation shows the valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the element, with each dot representing one valence electron.
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What masses of 15% and 20% solutions are needed to prepare 200 g of 17% solution?
Answer:
Meant to be used in both the teaching and research laboratory, this calculator (see below) can be utilized to perform a number of different calculations for preparing percent (%) solutions when starting with the solid or liquid material. It is very common to express the concentration of solutions in terms of percentages. Percent means per 100 parts, where for solutions, part refers to a measure of mass (μg, mg, g, kg, etc.) or volume (μL, mL, L, etc.). In percent solutions, the amount (weight or volume) of a solute is expressed as a percentage of the total solution weight or volume. Percent solutions can take the form of weight/volume % (wt/vol % or w/v %), weight/weight % (wt/wt % or w/w %), or volume/volume % (vol/vol % or v/v %). In each case, the percentage concentration is calculated as the fraction of the weight or volume of the solute related to the total weight or volume of the solution.
Because percent solutions can be expressed in three different ways, it is imperative that the type of percent solution be explicitly stated. If this information is not provided, the end user is left to "guess" whether w/v %, w/w %, or v/v % was used. Each percent solution is appropriate for a number of different applications. For example, commercial aqueous reagents, such as concentrated acids and bases, are typically expressed as weight/weight % solutions. For example, commercially available concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) is 37% by weight (w/w %). On the other hand, many dilute solutions used for biological research are expressed as weight/volume % (e.g., 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). Volume/volume % solutes are also common, and are used when pure solutes in liquid form are used. For example, a 70 % (v/v) solution of ethanol can be prepared by dissolving 70 mL of 100% (i.e., 200 proof) ethanol in a total solution volume of 100 mL.
Explanation:
Which transition metal can form both a high and low spin complex? Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn3+, Ti2+
Answer: Manganese
Explanation:
With titanium, it only has two d electrons, so it can't form different high and low spin complexes. It doesn't matter because it will never fill the higher-energy orbitals. The total spin state turns out to be +1 (two unpaired d electrons, no matter what). Therefore, manganese will form both a high and low spin complex.
match the problems that arise when a particular situation is present when running a spectrum of a neat liquid:
The problem that arises when running a spectrum of a neat liquid is that it can be difficult to distinguish the peaks in the spectrum due to the broadening of the baseline.
This is because the baseline broadening is caused by the interaction of the solvent molecules with the solute molecules, which is difficult to avoid. To reduce the baseline broadening, it is necessary to reduce the solvent concentration or use a denser solvent. In addition, it is also important to ensure that the sample is well-mixed, since inhomogeneity in the sample can lead to peak broadening. It is also important to reduce noise in the spectra, since this can lead to peak broadening or obscuring of the peaks. Finally, it is important to carefully choose the range of wavelengths to be measured, since if the range is too wide, then the baseline broadening may obscure the peaks.
In conclusion, the problems that arise when running a spectrum of a neat liquid include baseline broadening, inhomogeneity in the sample, noise in the spectra, and a too wide range of wavelengths being measured. To reduce these issues, it is important to reduce the solvent concentration or use a denser solvent, ensure that the sample is well-mixed, reduce noise in the spectra, and carefully choose the range of wavelengths to be measured.
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1. Choose the atom with the larger first ionization energy.
Select one:
a. Titanium
b. Manganese
2. Choose the atom with the larger first ionization energy.
Select one:
a. Silicon
b. Tin
The atom with the larger first ionization energy is Titanium. Option a.
The atom with the larger first ionization energy is Tin. Option b.
Ionization and ionization energyIonization is the process of removing one or more electrons from an atom or molecule, resulting in the formation of an ion. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, such as exposure to high-energy radiation or contact with other charged particles.
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom or molecule, resulting in the formation of a positively charged ion. This energy is typically measured in electron volts (eV) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol), and varies depending on the identity of the atom or molecule and the electronic configuration of its valence shell. Ionization energy is an important property of atoms and molecules, as it can provide insight into their reactivity and chemical behavior.
Learn more on ionization energy here https://brainly.com/question/20658080
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