Which statement describes an event that occurs during glycolysis that contributes to the production of ATP?
A. Pyruvic acid is broken down to form carbon dioxide.
B. Oxygen molecules are broken down and converted into pyruvic acid.
C. High-energy electrons and hydrogen ions are passed to NAD+ forming NADH.
D. Carbon atoms in glucose are transferred to ADP, forming ATP.

Answer:

d) There is a bigger pool of knowledge to pull from to help you create a hypothesis.

Explanation:

Collaborative discussion allows you to gain more information/ideas from different people.

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Because Cell division is fundamental to all living organisms and required for growth and development. As an essential means of reproduction for all living things, cell division allows organisms to transfer their genetic material to their offspring. And Cell division plays an important role in all living organisms, as it is essential for growth, repair and reproduction. This process helps in Renewing of damaged cells. Production of new cells from older ones. And motosis is a process that helps cell devide and grow. It is important for organisms because it allows them to survive and grow. Motosis is also important for the development of embryos, as it helps them to develop into different types of cells.

Cell division is the process in which a parent cell divides, giving rise to two or more daughter cells. It is an essential biological process in many organisms. It is the means used by multicellular organisms in order to grow, replenish (repair), and reproduce.

The mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is also known as equational division.

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Explanation:

#Carry on learning(ノ^_^)ノ

Answer:

bro no idea good question

Answer:

I believe the answer is B

Explanation:

Catalysts pull down the energy needed to perform a reaction, so it makes sense that the dotted line is lower than the solid line.

To increase the strength of a nerve signal neurons will  : ( A ) Increase the frequency of the action potential

A nerve signal is a charge that runs through a nerve fiber and travels down to another neuron. As the strength of a nerve signal increases there is a proportionate increase in the frequency of the action potential because the strength of a nerve signal ( stimulus strength ) is directly proportional to the frequency of the action potential.

Hence we can conclude that To increase the strength of a nerve signal neurons will  : ( A ) Increase the frequency of the action potential.

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Answer: I think its C but I'm not really sure this is more like an educated guess haha because I know that ivy grows the best in partial to full shade.

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

I initially thought it was D because C doesn't make sense. Why would the ivy grow away from the sunlight and not towards it? Plants have no knowledge of how their predecessors grew, and I don't think the type of ivy matters. But please correct me if I'm wrong.

Answer:

tubes 2,5, & 6

Explanation:

Answer: indicating where planting should begin

Explanation:

I don’t know if I’m right though

but I think that is right

Answer: False

Explanation:

A number of the elements have been created in recent years using particle accelerators.

They are nihonium, moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson for elements 113, 115, 116 & 117 on the periodic table of elements.

The current answer would be C.

I took the test I am 100% positive this is the answer

Answer:

Because a 5 year old child can't take care of himself or herself. So, a 5 year old child needs more energy to fight with disease than a teenager. A teenager can take care of himself or herself to prevent him or her suffer from disease. Hence, small child needs more energy

Hope it helps

According to the rotation movements of the Earth, the direction and the length of this shadow will change in a predictable pattern because of the Rotation of the Earth on its axis. Option B).

The Earth rotates on its rotation axis, which passes through the geographical north and south poles.

It takes 24 hours for the Earth to complete this rotation movement turn. During this time there are different consequences of the rotation movement. One of them is the succession of days and nights.

Day and night succession occurs when the sun illuminates half of the planet while the other half remains dark. As the Earth rotates, the dark side gets illuminated, while the other half begins to be in darkness.  

This pattern affects the direction and the length of the shadow. As the Earth rotates, the object's shadows modify. Its shape and size vary according to the position the sun is concerning the object.

Option B is correct. Rotation of the Earth on its axis.

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The Correct Answer is B: Rotation of Earth On Its Axis

If the concentration of sodium on the inside of the cell is 20 mM, and the outside is 115 mM, then active transport will move sodium from the inside to the outside.

Active transport is a type of cellular transport mechanism that occurs against a concentration gradient.

In active transport, a molecule and/or ion is transported from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.

Active transport requires energy (usually in the form of ATP) to move substances against a gradient.

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Answer:

Answer is D) Active transports

Explanation:

Got it on edge!

Answer:

Earth is the only planet suitable for life in the solar system. Being right in the habitable zone where the sun is jsut right and not too cold.

Answer:

Earth is the only planet, which is suitable for life, it is also the only one that has liquid water on the surface :)

Answer:

Mutualism

Explanation:

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship.

Answer:

The answer is D

Explanation:

hope thats right

Answer:

Weathering causes the disintegration of rock near the surface of the earth. Plant and animal life, atmosphere and water are the major causes of weathering. Weathering breaks down and loosens the surface minerals of rock so they can be transported away by agents of erosion such as water, wind and ice.

Explanation:

Radiation reaches the sea surface and heats the water. Primary producers are beneficiated and reproduce more. The temperature keeps enhancing. Productivity increases proportionally to the producers' growth.

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Sea biological activity is essential for global biogeochemical cycles. Different factors influence primary productivity -PP- on the sea surface. These are radiation, the capability of trapping photons (which depends on pigments concentration), nutrients availability, and temperature.

Temperature is one of the most significant ecological factors that influence PP. The temperature might directly or indirectly affect primary producers.

⇒ The superficial stratum is the euphotic zone.

⇒ The deepest stratum is the aphotic zone, rich in nutrients and poor phytoplanktonic growth.

The interaction between light, temperature, and nutrients determines primary producers' growth, which has a significant role in species succession.

Superficial sea layers receive more radiation than deeper areas, getting warmer (especially in summer). Organisms seem to be beneficiated and grow faster when the water temperature reaches the middle of their tolerance range. More organisms present in the superficial stratum increase primary productivity, as well as water the temperature.

In every aquatic ecosystem, primary productivity is seasonal. Winds, light, and nutrients vary over time, depending on environmental conditions, weather, and clime.

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Circle graphs/Pie Charts are best used to compare the parts of a whole.

You want to give a visual representation of percentages as a relative proportion of the total of a circle. They are a type of graph even though they do not have any axes. A pie chart is a circle divided into sectors (think of them as the slices of a cake).

Circle Graphs are used to compare the parts of a whole. Circle graphs represent data visually in the same proportion as the numerical data in a table: The area of each sector in a circle graph is in the same proportion to the whole circle as each item is to the total value in the table. Constructing an accurate circle graph is difficult to do without a computer. This is because you must first find each part of the whole through several elaborate calculations and then use a protractor to draw each angle. This leaves a lot of room for human error. Circle graphs are best used for displaying data when there are no more than five or six sectors, and when the values of each sector are different. Otherwise, they can be difficult to read and understand.

Answer: A Pie chart.

I hope this helps :D

Answer:All of the above

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Mitochondria - you can tell based on the double membrane and the folding of the cristae shown in yellow

2. Centrosome- the centrosome is made up of two cylindrical centrioles.

3. Lysosome - lysosomes are round vesicles (think like bubbles) that digest waste products

4. Cytoplasm - the fluid-filled space inside the cell is the cytoplasm

5. Nucleosome - the "nucleus inside the nucleus" is called the nucleosome. It is where ribosomal RNA is made. It is not surrounded by a membrane

6. Nucleus - the large sphere-shaped organelle that holds the genetic material

7. DNA - the genetic material found inside the nucleus

8. Cilia - hair-like structures that help in locomotion

9. Rough endoplasmic reticulum - a series of folded membranes with ribosomes attached to the surface used in protein synthesis

10. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - a series of folded membranes without ribosomes, giving a smooth appearance. Also used in protein synthesis, folding and modification.

11.  Cytoskeleton - a series of filaments that helps the cell control its internal structure

12. Vesicles - vesicles containing proteins and other organic molecules budding off the endoplasmic reticulum

13. Ribosomes - small round structures that represent cellular protein synthesis machines. Can be free floating or attached to the ER

14. Golgi apparatus - A series of flattened pouches that sorts, packages and transports proteins from the ER

15. Cell membrane - defines the boundary of the cell and controls the entry and exit of different substances

Answer:

1 atom............................

Answer:

Diffusion and Osmosis

Explanation:

Osmosis is a process in which water diffuses across cell membranes. Osmosis is the process of transferring water through a semipermeable membrane, with the solvent (for example, water) going from a low solute (dissolved substance) concentration to a high solute concentration.

Cell differentiation occurs in the embryo after the third week of fertilization. The unspecialized mass of cells differentiates into specialized cells which perform specific functions.

Cell differentiation is the process in which a stem cell which is present in the embryo undergoes changes to form specialized cells. The specialized cells are those cells which perform a specific function in body.

During the third week post-fertilization, the embryo begins to undergo the process of cellular differentiation. Cell Differentiation is the process through which the unspecialized cells become specialized to perform different functions. Cellular differentiation occurs as a result of certain genes which are expressed in cells while other genes remain unexpressed.

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Answer:

Secondary $3XU4L characteristics

Please forgive the weird characters, I hope you can understand what I was trying to say. Brainly is censoring this answer -_-

Explanation:

Genetics has taught us a great deal about disorders in which the underlying cause is complex and, thus, often relegated to the catch all “sporadic” diseases. However, the gap between identifying genes and understanding their pathogenic pathways remains enormous. In this context, the new study by Mazzulli et al. (2011) in the current issue of Cell uncovers a tractable biochemical relationship between two complex diseases, the neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease and the lysosomal disorder Gaucher disease, in which lipids accumulate in central organs.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by two pathological features. First, neurons die in regions of the brain, which control the normal fluidity of movement. This leads to the clinical picture of tremor, stiffness, slowness, and difficulties with posture. Second, proteins and lipids accumulate into structures, called Lewy bodies, inside surviving neurons (Gai et al., 2000). The synaptic protein α-synuclein is one key component of Lewy bodies, and variations in its gene, SNCA, are associated with inherited and sporadic Parkinson's disease (Hardy, 2010). When present in Lewy bodies, α-synuclein is aggregated; however, it is unclear which species causes cell death, the aggregated form or some intermediate in the aggregation pathway, such as soluble oligomers.

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GBA gene, which encodes the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Parents and grandparents of patients with Gaucher disease have unusually high rates of Parkinson's disease, suggesting that these mutations are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (Velayati et al., 2010). Although mutations underlying Gaucher disease are loss of function, patients with Parkinson's disease always carry one wild-type GBA allele and thus possess at least 50% of normal enzyme function. Furthermore, there is no obvious correlation between the type of GBA mutation (i.e., completely inactive or one with some residual enzyme activity) and the risk of Parkinson's disease (Velayati et al., 2010). Thus, the genetic mechanism by which GBA mutations promote Parkinson's disease is still not clear.

GCase catalyzes the conversion of glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide inside the lysosome. One possible link between GCase function and Parkinson's disease risk is α-synuclein. The main degradation pathway of α-synuclein is via lysosomal processing, and GCase interacts with α-synuclein in acidic environments, such as the lumen of the lysosome (Yap et al., 2011). Interestingly, α-synuclein has been shown to inhibit vesicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, the main trafficking route for GCase to reach the lysosome. Thus, increased expression of α-synuclein should decrease levels of GCase in lysosomes. As an aside, mutant α-synuclein can inhibit chaperone-mediated autophagy, a process by which some substrates are imported into and degraded by the lysosome . Therefore, lysosomal dysfunction could increase α-synuclein levels, and α-synuclein could inhibit lysosomal function in multiple ways.

Indeed, the central idea in the paper by Mazzulli et al. is that this exact type of positive feedback loop occurs in Parkinson's disease patients carrying GBA mutations. To model the loss of enzyme function seen in these patients, the authors decrease the expression of GBA in mouse neurons to ∼50% of control conditions. Over a few days in culture, the neurons loose lysosomal turnover of long-lived proteins, including α-synuclein. The author observe this phenotype in primary neurons and in neurons reprogrammed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with the latter having both copies of GBA mutated, as found in neurons from patients with Gaucher disease.

The authors then characterize the formation of α-synuclein oligomers in cells, in mice, and in brains from people who had mutations in GBA. Soluble oligomers are found in neuronopathic forms of Gaucher disease, as well as Parkinson's disease patients heterozygous for GBA mutations. This observation suggests that the emergence of oligomers is not correlated with Lewy bodies but rather is a more fundamental consequence of GBA mutations. Mazzulli and colleagues also show that expression of α-synuclein impacts the trafficking of GCase from the ER-golgi to the lysosome, indicating that α-synuclein affects lysosomes irrespective of the presence of GBA mutations.

Simplistically, the data by Mazzulli and colleagues suggest the following model: a rise in α-synuclein levels through mutation, response to stress, or neuronal maturation (Li et al., 2004) inhibits the normal negative feedback loop of degradation by the lysosome, leading to more α-synuclein and more inhibition . Then the system would transition from one stable state to a second one that is self-sustaining, unless another pathway intervenes to stop it.

Answer:

Throughout history, along with the development in microscopic technology, scientists were able to form the cell theory that: a) All cells come from pre-existing cells. b) All living organisms are composed up of one or more cells. c) Cells are the basic structure, function, and organization of all living organisms.  Additionally, scientists, such as Louis Pasteur in the late 19th century, disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Now, if one does not believe in this theory, they could either use a microscope and observe cellular division or reproduction/growth of organisms, or review the research from Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, etc. With the modern developments in scientific technology, people can observe the cell theory at their fingertips.

(Remember, do not copy this answer, that is plagiarism! But, please use it to guide your thinking!)

Answer:

B) a diploid sporophyte stage and haploid gametophyte stage