The role of helicase in DNA replication is that Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds and unwinds a section of DNA
An ATP-dependent catalytic enzyme called DNA helicase unwinds dsDNA to enable leading and lagging strand replication. It constantly unwinds the dsDNA ahead of the replication fork, giving DNA polymerase a template to operate with.
Any helicase subclass enzyme must unwind the double-stranded nucleic acid (DNA/RNA), which is one of its primary functions. By forming a compound with other proteins like DNA primase, polymerase, or single-stranded-binding proteins, the helicase performs its function during DNA replication.
As mentioned above, the helicase unwinds the dsDNA during replication. The helicase also serves a number of additional purposes, some of which are described below. The helicase opens or unwinds the dsDNA during DNA repair in order to repair broken DNA strands.
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how many times does a contractile vacuole contract in one minute?
In one minute, the contractile vacuole could contract anywhere from zero to three times.
The contractile vacuole is a sub-cellular structure found predominantly in protists and unicellular algae that helps to regulate the quantity of water inside a cell.
In freshwater environments, the concentration of solutes is hypotonic, lesser outside than inside the cell. Under these conditions, osmosis causes water to accumulate in the cell from the external environment. The contractile vacuole expels water out of the cell by contracting.
The growth (water gathering) and contraction (water expulsion) of the contractile vacuole are periodical. One cycle takes several seconds, depending on the species and the environment's osmolarity. The stage in which water flows into the CV is called diastole.
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1. The drawing shows a plant which reproduces through vegetative propagation.
a. Name the horizontal stem which you see in this kind of propagation. Also give one example of a commercially grown fruit whose plants are propagated in this way.
b. What would happen to the shoots A - C to become independent plants? How might a gardener assist this process?
Answer:
a. The horizontal stem which is seen in vegetative propagation is called a rhizome. A famous example of a commercially grown fruit whose plants are propagated in this way is ginger.
b. The shoots A - C will form adventitious buds, which will then grow into independent plants. A gardener can assist this process by ensuring the rhizomes are planted correctly and getting plenty of sunlight and water.
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if individuals move from one population to another, it may cause a shift in allele frequencies due to
If individuals move from one population to another, it may cause a shift in allele frequencies due to genetic drift.
The term "genetic drift" refers to the process through which allele frequencies within a population shift from one generation to the next solely as a result of random chance brought on by sampling error. The random process of genetic drift has the potential to bring about significant changes in populations in a relatively short amount of time.
Changes in allele frequencies can be attributed to several different processes, the most prominent of which are natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. When the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are violated by a population because of the presence of one or more of these forces, evolution can be said to have taken place in that population.
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which of these associations is incorrect? question 4 options: sclerenchyma cells-cell division stomata-gas exchange sieve-tube cells-sugar transport epidermal cells-protection xylem cells-water transport
Among these, Sclerenchyma cells-cell division is incorrect. As sclerenchyma is a form of plant permanent tissue. Cell division is lost in permanent tissues.
The Sclerenchyma is responsible for the structural support of the plant. Scleral tissue is part of the three types of terrestrial tissue present in plant systems. Dural tissue does not divide and becomes dead cells as it matures. These dead cells are high in lignin and unable to follow Cell division. So this is the wrong cell to function mapping.
Sieve tubes are responsible for transporting nutrients around the plant, so sugar molecules pass as part of the phloem. Xylem transports water throughout the plant system. Stomata serve as pores through which gas exchange takes place between the atmosphere and plant cells. Epidermal cells form the outer covering structure that helps protect the internal structure of the plant.
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on some islands, during the mating season, birds compete intensely for breeding sites. on these islands, these breeding sites represent a(n)
On some islands, during the mating season, birds compete intensely for breeding sites. on these islands, these breeding sites represent a(n) limiting factor.
An ecosystem is an ecological cycle in which a reciprocal reaction occurs between living things and their environment. In an ecosystem there is an environment in which an organism can grow and develop. Environmental factors such as limiting factors can affect life to be able to grow and develop.
Limiting factors are factors in the form of abiotic components that determine whether organisms can live and develop in an ecosystem. Examples of limiting factors are water, light, air, temperature, climate, and place of residence. In the process of mating birds on an island where breeding is a limiting factor for birds to do marriage. Because the number of breeding places is limited, if a bird manages to get it, it will mate, if it doesn't get it, the bird is in danger of not being able to mate.
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Jerry is recording the amount of daylight his town receives throughout the month of September. He records the data each Monday of the month. His results are shown in the table below.
According to Jerry's data, the amount of daylight is getting shorter. If this pattern holds, daytime hours will continue to shorten, and nighttime hours will lengthen.
How does the timing of day and night change?During the observations, Jerry is recording the amount of daylight his town receives throughout the month of September.
The length of day and night on the surface of the earth varies from season to season due to the axial tilt of the earth's rotation axis with regard to its orbital axis.
Therefore, the length of the nighttime will increase the next week is the prediction according to Jerry's data.
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The given question is incomplete, so the most probable complete question is,
Jerry is recording the amount of daylight his town receives throughout the month of September. He records the data each Monday of the month. His results are shown in the table below.
Hours of Daylight Received
Week Hours of Daylight
1 8.34
2 8.12
3 7.98
4 7.63
Which of the following predictions is supported by the data Jerry collected?
A. The amount of daylight will increase the next month.
B. The length of the nighttime will increase the next week.
C. The weather in Jerry's town will be hotter the next month.
D. The Sun will not rise until 8:00 A.M. the next week.
Which countries do endangered, vulnerable, and critically endangered species of caecilians live in? Please only give the countries of those asked for, and not all species.
The caecilians can be found in Central America.
What are the caecilians ?
The caecilians are the kind of species that we call the amphibians and this means that they can be able to live both on the land and in the water. As we know, when we say that a specie is an endangered specie what we mean is that such a specie is very close to becomming aspecie that os exteinct and may soon stop existing.
The caecilians are not snakes and they are not worms but they belong to the class that we call the amphibians and they can be found in the many areas around South America.
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which insect does not feed as an adult? group of answer choices dragonfly grasshopper mayfly housefly
Of the insects listed, the mayfly does not feed as an adult. Mayflies undergo a complete metamorphosis, and the adult stage is a brief stage during which the insects do not feed and only mate and lay eggs.
The larvae of mayflies are aquatic and feed on aquatic plants and small animals, but once they undergo metamorphosis into adults, they lose their mouthparts and cannot feed.
The other insects listed, dragonflies, grasshoppers, and houseflies, all feed as adults. Dragonflies feed on other insects, grasshoppers feed on plants, and houseflies feed on a variety of substances, including rotting food and other organic matter.
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after taking a bite of pizza, sensory receptors are stimulated in your mouth. what is the order of information flow that results?
Correct order of information flow is :Stimulation of sensory receptors → impulse sent to CNS → sensation → perception.
A significant job of sensory receptors is to assist us with finding out about the environment around us, or about the condition of our inner environment. Various kinds of upgrades from shifting sources are gotten and changed into the electrochemical signs of the sensory system. This cycle is called tactile transduction. This happens when a boost is identified by a receptor which creates a reviewed expected in a tactile neuron.
On the off chance that sufficient, the evaluated potential makes the tactile neuron produce an activity potential that is transferred into the focal sensory system (CNS), where it is coordinated with other tangible data — and in some cases higher mental capabilities — to turn into a cognizant view of that upgrade. The focal incorporation may then prompt an engine reaction.
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HELP ASAP!!!
Study the following mRNA strand:
mRNA =
AUGGUCGCAGUAUAG
How many codons are present?
A. 3
B. 7
C. 15
D. 5
In the given mRNA strand, 5 codons are present which are AUG, GUC, GCA, GUA and UAG.
The correct option is option D.
The mRNA present in our body is translated to produce a protein which contains certain amino acids and is used to perform certain function in our body. Each amino acid has a unique triplet code or codon. These codons are unique and do not overlap with each other.
Each group of the three bases present in the mRNA constitute of a codon, and each of these codon happens tp specify a particular amino acid. The mRNA sequence is therefore used as a template to produce a chain of amino acids which form a protein. In the given mRNA strand : AUGGUCGCAGUAUAG, 5 codons are present which are AUG, GUC, GCA, GUA and UAG.
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if the ribosomes of a cell stop working, what process most likely will be interrupted?
Answer: The protein will not be synthesized
Explanation:
Ribosomes are mainly known as the protein factory of the cell because they are the site of active translation and are involved in protein synthesis.
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Earth's Dynamic Interior: Lesson
Maria Solis
What is the lower boundary of Earth's crust? Choose the correct answer.
O Moho
O mantle
O oceanic crust
O magnetic pole
The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho discontinuity, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle. It occurs at an average depth of about 8 kilometers beneath the ocean basins and 32 kilometers beneath continental surfaces.
What is moho discontinuity?
Nearly the entire Moho is contained within the lithosphere.It only establishes the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath mid-ocean ridges. The Mohorovii discontinuity is 20 to 90 kilometers (10 to 60 miles) beneath ordinary continental crusts and 5 to 10 kilometers (3-6 miles) below the ocean floor, with an average depth of 35 kilometers (22 mi).The Moho divides the oceanic and continental crusts from the underlying mantle, and is named for the pioneering Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovii.To know more about the moho discontinuity, click the link given below:
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Which two phrases best describe vascular tissue in plants?
A. Contain cells that connect to form pipes
B. Cover the outside of plants
C. Contain root hair cells and guard cells
D. Transport water and food
Contain cells that connect to form pipes
Transport water and food
This two phrases best describe vascular tissue in plants.
What is vascular tissue?
Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue that is made up of various cell types and is only present in vascular plants. The two primary components of vascular tissue are xylem and phloem. These two tissues exchange nutrients and fluids inside. The vascular cambium and the cork cambium, two meristems, are additionally linked to vascular tissue. All of the vascular tissues in a particular plant make up the vascular tissue system.
Vascular tissue is a type of conducting tissue that contains a variety of cell types. Typically, vascular plants contain it. It is made up of phloem and xylem.
They have cells that unite to form pipes because their job is to transfer fluid (like water) and other nutrients. Together, xylem and phloem are found in vascular bundles that run through the stems, leaves, and roots of plant organs.
Hence the correct answer is A and D
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studies of snapping shrimp on either side of the isthmus of panama have shown that each caribbean shrimp species is more closely related to a pacific shrimp species than it is to any other caribbean shrimp species. the most likely explanation for this result is
The most likely explanation for this result is that the isthmus of Panama served as a barrier to gene flow between the Pacific and Caribbean oceans, causing the divergence of species.
What is the significance of the divergence by barrier?A geological event that took place years ago, when the isthmus rose above sea level and separated the two bodies of water so that the Pacific and Caribbean populations of snapping shrimp evolved independently, leading to the divergence of species.
Hence, the most likely explanation for this result is that the isthmus of Panama served as a barrier to gene flow between the Pacific and Caribbean oceans, causing the divergence of species.
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What type of stress is strike-slip fault?
A strike-slip fault is a type of tectonic stress associated with lateral movement.
In a strike-slip fault, the two sides of the fault move horizontally past each other, typically in a horizontal direction. This type of movement is caused by shear stress, which occurs when two masses of rock are subjected to opposite horizontal forces.
Strike-slip faults are commonly found in areas where tectonic plates are moving past each other, such as along the San Andreas fault in California. They can also be found in regions with transform plate boundaries, where two plates are moving in opposite directions parallel to each other.
The movement along strike-slip faults can cause earthquakes, and they are often associated with some of the most intense and destructive earthquakes in the world.
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Can someone help me with question 2
Competitive relationship results into resource partitioning of the available resources for the two bird species.
What are Competitive relationships between species?
Competition is a type of species interaction which most typically considered as the interaction of individuals which vie for a common resource which is in limited supply, however more generally can be defined as the direct or indirect interaction of the organisms that leads to a change in fitness when the organisms share the same resource as required.
When two species living in same ecosystem and feed on the same resource then, the species will show resource partitioning and feed on the plant or organism at different time slots.
A species' niche encompasses both the physical conditions as well as the environmental conditions which it requires like the temperature or terrain and the interactions which the species has with the other species like predation or competition.
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Why is complex animals important?
The DCMP offers services aimed at assisting and enhancing academic performance of students with impairments. To produce media, collaborate with leading producers ,distributors of educational and television material.
What does the term "complex creatures" mean?A species composite is a collection of closely related creatures that share so many physical characteristics that it can be difficult to distinguish between them in biology.
What animal is the most complex?Gnomically, the most sophisticated organism ever investigated is a minuscule, transparent water flea. The first crustacean is Daphnia plex.
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calculate the nerst potential for k when the k concentration in the extracellular media changed from the normal
With this information, we can calculate the Nernst potential for potassium at various extracellular potassium concentrations: are E = -0.077 V, -0.051 V, -0.037 V and -0.025 V respectively.
What is the Nernst equation?Given that the normal concentration of potassium ions inside a muscle cell is 155 mM, we can use the Nernst equation to calculate the Nernst potential for potassium when the extracellular potassium concentration changes from the normal value.
The Nernst equation is:
[tex]E = ((RT)/(zF)) * ln([K+]out/[K+]in)[/tex]
where:
E is the Nernst potential in volts (V)
R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K)
T is the temperature in Kelvin (K) (assumed to be 298 K)
z is the charge on the ion species (for K+, z = +1)
F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol)
[K+]out and [K+]in are the concentrations of potassium ions outside and inside the cell, respectively.
With this information, we can calculate the Nernst potential for potassium at various extracellular potassium concentrations:
[tex][K+]out = 0.1 mM, [K+]in = 155 mME = ((RT)/(zF)) × ln(0.1/155)E = -0.077 V[K+]out = 10 mM, [K+]in = 155 mME = ((RT)/(zF)) × ln(10/155)E = -0.051 V[K+]out = 20 mM, [K+]in = 155 mME = ((RT)/(zF)) × ln(20/155)E = -0.037 V[K+]out = 40 mM, [K+]in = 155 mME = ((RT)/(zF)) × ln (40/155)[/tex]
E = -0.025 V
We can plot these values of the Nernst potential against the extracellular potassium concentration on a graph with the logarithmic scale on the x-axis. The slope of this curve is negative and represents the ion permeability of the membrane to potassium ions, which is directly proportional to the Nernst potential.
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Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses is called:_________
Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses are commonly referred to as "infection control measures" or "infection prevention and control (IPC) measures".
What is Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures?Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are a set of strategies and practices aimed at reducing the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. These measures include hand hygiene, wearing masks, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning and disinfection, and vaccination. IPC measures also involve implementing policies and procedures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, as well as educating healthcare workers, patients, and their families about the importance of infection control. The goal of IPC measures is to protect individuals, especially those at higher risk of severe illness, from contracting infectious diseases and to reduce the transmission of infections within healthcare settings. Effective IPC measures are essential for maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare workers, and the community.
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which of the following is not a function of skeletal striated muscle? multiple choice body movement production of hormones maintenance of posture respiration production of heat
D) Production of heat is not a function of skeletal striated muscle.
Skeletal muscle paly a vital role in daily needs of an human . the prime functions of skeletal muscle is to be able to contract and produce desired movement, they also helps in maintaining the body posture and position, they are responsible for storing nutrients and helps to stabilize the joints.
Hence , The major functions of muscle tissues include encouraging of the movement in the body structures, movement of blood throughout the body, stabilizing joints also contraction and relaxation of muscles and joints .
Hence ,D is the correct option
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according to the endosymbiosis theory, what are the origins of the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria?
According to the endosymbiosis theory the mitochondrial external membrane is probably a direct assignee of the alphaproteobacterial external membrane and the host's endocytotic tube membrane since mitochondria developed through the endosymbiosis of a eukaryotic host and an alphaproteobacterium.
The original bacterium that was swallowed by the host bacterium handed both the inner and external membranes. The inner membrane is deduced from the original bacterium, and the external membrane is deduced from the host cell that gulfed the bacterium through endocytosis. The external membrane is deduced from the original bacterium.
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what gametes could form from the cell from part a and how frequently should each type be observed?
Answer:ova or egg cells,
Explanation:
When Mendel crossed the pollen from a plant with green pods with a plant with yellow seed pods, all of the offspring had green seed pods. This told him that (type here) seed pods were dominant over (type here) seed pods
When Mendel crossed the pollen from a plant with green pods with a plant with yellow seed pods and observed that all of the offspring had green seed pods, he concluded that green seed pods were dominant over yellow seed pods.
This observation led Mendel to develop his theory of inheritance, which is now known as Mendel's laws of inheritance. Mendel's laws state that traits are passed from parent to offspring as discrete units, now known as genes, and that one form of a gene (allele) can dominate over another.
In this case, the green seed pod allele was dominant over the yellow seed pod allele, which means that when the two alleles were present together, the green seed pod trait was expressed.
Mendel's experiments with pea plants helped to lay the foundation for the field of genetics, which is the study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next. The laws of inheritance that Mendel discovered are still used today to explain the transmission of traits in organisms, including humans.
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what is the probability that an individual with the genotype cc will produce either c or c gametes obviously the answer must be
The probability that an individual with the genotype CC will produce either C or c gametes is 100%.Because a genotype of CC is homozygous and only produces one type of gamete, which in this case would be C.
What is gametes?Gametes are reproductive cells produced by an organism. In humans, gametes or sex cells are the sperm and egg cells. Sperm are produced in the male testes and eggs are produced in the female ovaries. Gametes contain only half the genetic material of the organism, and when two gametes combine during fertilization, the two halves combine to form a complete genome. Gametes are essential for sexual reproduction, and the process of combining gametes to form a new organism is called fertilization. During fertilization, the egg cell and sperm cell fuse together to form a single cell called a zygote, which will then develop into an embryo. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they contain only one copy of each chromosome. In contrast, diploid cells, such as somatic cells, contain two copies of each chromosome.
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Mark is heterozygous. If B is for brown hair, and b is for blonde hair, what is Mark’s genotype?
A. BB
B. Bb
C. Br
Answer:
Mark's genotype is Bb.
Explanation:
Heterozygous means that the individual has two different alleles for a trait, one from each parent. In this case, Mark has one allele for brown hair (B) and one allele for blonde hair (b).
So, option B is correct.
the base composition of a double-stranded dna molecule is 27% adenine. what percentage of this molecule is the base guanine?
The percentage of base guanine in a double-stranded DNA molecule having 27% adenine will be 23% according to the Chargaff's rule.
DNA stand for Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a genetic material formed of sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases. The nitrogenous bases are of 4 types: adenine(A), guanine(G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). The adenine bonds with thymine and the guanine bonds with cytosine.
Chargaff rule says that the sum of A and G is equal to the sum of C and T. Also it stated that the percentage of A and T are same in a DNA strand and similarly the percentage of G and C are equal because they bond with each other. Thus, if adenine is 27% then guanine will also be 27% making a total 54%. Thus remaining 46% is half guanine and half cytosine.
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a new drug is developed which selectively cleaves covalent bonds between two sulfur atoms of non-adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain. which level of protein structure in affected molecules would be most directly affected by the drug?
The new drug that cleaves covalent bonds between two sulfur atoms of non-adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain will affect the tertiary structure of proteins.
Amino acids are the organic molecules that act as the monomer units for the synthesis of proteins. There are almost 20 types of proteins involved in protein synthesis inside the living body. The amino acids have two functional groups: the amine group and the carboxylic acid group.
Tertiary structure of proteins is the 3-D structure which is formed by the various units of polypeptides joined together. The units are usually attached together by the disulfide bonds. They usually exist in a compact globular form.
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Assignment: Desert Ecosystem Exploration
Refer to the aquarium environment image to answer the questions.
Desert Ecosystem
1. which biotic factors do you see in the photo?
2. which abiotic factors can you detect in this photo?
3. in what ways does one biotic factor interact with the abiotic factors?
Answer:
1. The biotic factors seen in the photo include various species of cacti, shrubs, and succulents.
2. The abiotic factors detected in the photo include light, temperature, soil, and water.
3. The biotic factors interact with abiotic factors in many ways. For example, cacti and other desert plants need light, water, and soil to survive, while their leaves and stems help to regulate temperature and prevent water loss. In addition, the presence of plants can alter the soil composition by adding organic matter and nitrogen, both of which are important for sustaining life in the desert.
jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. how many kilocalories did jane eat at breakfast? group of answer choices 582 kilocalories
The total number of kilocalories Jane ate at breakfast will be 582 kilocalories. Option C is correct.
In 1 gram of fat, we having 9kilocalories of energy contribution.
1 gram of carbohydrate, we having 4kilocalories of energy contribution
1 gram of protein, we having 4kilocalories of energy contribution.
Jane consumed 85 grams of carbohydrate, which contains 85 grams x 4 kilocalories/gram = 340 kilocalories.
She consumed 20 grams of protein, which contains 20 grams x 4 kilocalories/gram = 80 kilocalories.
And she consumed 18 grams of fat, which contains 18 grams x 9 kilocalories/gram = 162 kilocalories.
So, the total number of kilocalories Jane ate at breakfast was 340 + 80 + 162 = 582 kilocalories.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Jane consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jane eat at breakfast? A) 123 kilocalories B) 1,007 kilocalories C) 582 kilocalories D) 152 kilocalories"--
in dogs, curly hair (d) is dominant over smooth hair (d). two curly dogs produce a smooth-haired puppy. which genotypes best describe the parents?
In dogs, the gene for curly hair (C) is dominant over the gene for smooth hair (c). If two curly-haired dogs (C/C) produce a smooth-haired puppy (c/c), it suggests that genotype in both parents were heterozygous for the hair type gene (C/c).
The dominant-recessive link between the C and c alleles can be used to explain this outcome. Each offspring of two heterozygous dogs (C/c) has a 50% chance of getting either the dominant C allele from one parent or the recessive c allele from the other. In this instance, the smooth-haired puppy (c/c) expressed the smooth hair phenotype due to inheriting two copies of the recessive c allele.
The genotype of the parents can be deduced from the phenotype of the offspring, but without additional genetic testing, it is not possible to know the precise combination of alleles that each parent contributed to the offspring.
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