The Supreme Court's ruled in Gonzalez v. Raich (2005) that the commerce clause gave Congress the authority to prohibit marijuana use, despite conflicting state law.
Gonzales v. Raich (previously Ashcroft v. Raich), 545 U.S. 1 (2005), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court ruling that, under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, Congress may criminalize the production and use of homegrown cannabis even if state law permits its medicinal use.
Which precedent did the Supreme Court establish?
The Supreme Court's most well-known power, judicial review, or the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act to be in violation of the Constitution, is not found in the text of the Constitution itself. This doctrine was established by the Court in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803).
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Explain the difference between a Leaver culture that saves a way of life that works well for them and a Taker culture that has the one right way
A Leaver culture is one that holds onto its traditional ways of life and values that have been passed down through generations.
They concentrate on the preservation of the terrain and their communities, and frequently live in harmony with the land and its coffers. They're tone- sufficient and practice sustainable living. Leaver societies are generally flexible and open to change, but their primary thing is to maintain the status quo. A Taker culture, on the other hand, is one that believes there's a single, “ right ” way of living and doing effects. This approach is frequently characterized by a strong belief in the power of technology and progress, and a tendency to view other societies as inferior. Taker societies may also be more hierarchical and authoritarian, and may have a stronger focus on competition and individual achievement. They frequently have a further rigid view of the world and are less tolerant of differences.
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A(n) ______primary is one in which voters may vote of for the candidates of the party they desire.
A(n) open primary is one in which voters may vote of for the candidates of the party they desire.
An open primary is a vote in which partisan candidates may be supported by voters regardless of their affiliation with a political party. Open primaries are crucial because they uphold the notion that voters may make their own decisions and that various political parties benefit the democratic system. Open Primaries is a 501(c)(4) and 501(c)(3) advocacy group in the United States. New York City is where it has its headquarters. The group is an advocate of nonpartisan blanket primaries and open primaries in the US. In Colorado, the group helped pass a ballot measure that established an open primary system in 2016. Research on the advantages of open, nonpartisan primaries as well as the drawbacks of closed primaries is also published by the organization. The group said that 26.3 million voters were prevented from voting in the 2016 presidential primary because they were unaffiliated or independent voters, and that closed presidential primaries cost taxpayers around $287.8 million to manage.
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How do I save a flashcard as a PDF on ?
By selecting the file and then selecting Print, I may save a flashcard as a PDF. Select Save after setting Save as PDF as the print destination.
Sets that have been saved for offline use will have a checkmark. Head home. Under Sets, click View all. Activate the Downloads tab. The main benefit of AnkiApp is that it intelligently chooses what sequence the flashcards are given in based on how well each user understands it, which speeds up learning.
We don't support printing because we couldn't achieve this with printed flashcards. Anki is a free online flashcard program that uses spaced repetition to aid with learning. It's free and accessible via the web, iOS, and Android.
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After reinstatement of the individual federal income tax in 1894, why was the tax challenged in the courts
After the federal personal income tax was reestablished in 1894, it was contested in court because it would be challenging to manage because the tax was allocated based on the population of each state.
The Income Tax Act of 1894 was declared an unconstitutional direct tax by the court in a 5-4 judgment because it taxed interest, dividends, and rent in contravention of Article 1, Section 2, which mandates that such taxes be levied in proportion to the population of the states.
The alternative minimum tax (AMT) computation may alter the tax base of a particular person. AMT requires the taxpayer to make changes to his initial tax calculation as new items are added to the return, increasing the tax base and the associated tax burden.
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Who can propose an amendment to the Constitution Philippines?
The House of Representatives Amendments may be suggested by the Congress, through a two-thirds vote on a joint resolution, or by a convention convened by Congress in response to applications from two-thirds of state legislatures.
CRS, 2002, Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation. An amendment may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress, or by a convention called for that purpose if two-thirds of the states request it. The amendment must next be adopted by three-fourths of the state legislatures or three-fourths of the ratification conventions summoned in each state. California voters can propose laws and constitutional amendments through the ballot initiative process without the assistance of the Governor or the Legislature.
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What is the most positive effect of digital technology on education?
Using Innovative Learning Methods The use of interactive whiteboards is one way that technological growth has changed the current education system.
Education is a deliberate action aimed at achieving specific goals, such as imparting knowledge or developing skills and character qualities. These goals may include the growth of comprehension, reason, kindness, and honesty. Various experts emphasize the importance of critical thinking in distinguishing education from indoctrination. Some theories believe that education must result in student improvement, while others favor a value-neutral definition of the term. In a bit distinct sense, learning may also refer to the output of this process: the thinking and attitudes possessed by educated persons. Education began with the transfer of cultural legacy from one generation to another. Today, educational goals are progressively encompassing new ideas such as learner liberalism.
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Consciousness refers to a state of awareness or alertness in which the subject is cognizant of one's environment and self.
It is true that the term "consciousness" describes a state of attentiveness or awareness in which the individual is aware of one's surroundings and of oneself.
Conscience: What is it?Consciousness is the ability to be aware of both our own existence and how our brains and the outside environment work at any given moment. Individual, deliberate, continuing, and changing are all terms that are frequently used to describe conscious experience.
Consciousness is the state or degree of recognition, or of being aware of an outside object or something inside oneself. Inconsistent descriptions have been made of sensibility, perception, quality, subjectivity, the experience of feeling or responding, alertness, having a self-awareness or intellectual insight, the reality that something exists "that it is like" to "have" or "be," and the official authority regularity of the mind.
What are the three qualities of awareness that they are?Three crucial factors that must be covered by any thorough account of consciousness are:
Subjective: The nature of consciousness.Functional: What consciousness is used for and how it functions.Physiological: The physiological basis of awareness.Learn more about Consciousness: https://brainly.com/question/1279256
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Michael is a Collaborator when it comes to communication style. If you are communicating with Michael, you should make sure you:
When it comes to communication style, Michael is a collaborator. If you are communicating with Michael, it is important to keep a few things in mind in order to ensure successful communication.
Firstly, it is important to be aware of the fact that Michael is a collaborator. This means that he will likely be more open to alternative solutions and ideas, and he will be more likely to compromise. Therefore, when communicating with Michael, it is important to be open to his suggestions and be willing to negotiate.
Secondly, it is important to be clear and concise when communicating with Michael. He is a collaborator, so it is important to make sure that he understands the issue at hand, and is not left confused or in the dark. Make sure that you explain the issue in detail and provide the necessary information.
Thirdly, it is important to be patient and understanding when communicating with Michael. He is a collaborator, so he may need some time to think things through, come up with ideas, or consider alternatives. It is important to be respectful of this process and allow him the time he needs to think.
Finally, it is important to be flexible and willing to compromise when communicating with Michael. As a collaborator, he will likely be open to alternative solutions and may be willing to make concessions. Therefore, it is important to be open to his ideas and be willing to make compromises in order to reach a mutually beneficial solution.
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a student volunteers to answer a tough question in class, and the teacher comments favorably on the quality of the student's contribution
The type of consequence is positive, the likelihood of recurrence is increased, and the principal is positive reinforcement when a student volunteers to answer a challenging issue in class and the instructor remarks favorably on the quality of the student's contribution.
When a behavior is followed by obtaining something beneficial, such as a reward, the behavior is likely to be enhanced going forward.
Negative reinforcement: When someone is in a negative position, they act out to get out of it. Due to the removal of anything negative, the habit is likely to become stronger in the future.
Punishment: When a conduct is followed by a bad thing, it is likely to become less frequent in the future.
Extinction: When an action has no lasting repercussions, it is unlikely to replicate itself in the future.
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Explain the difference between the collective rights and individual rights views of the Second Amendment. Which of these views did the Supreme Court's decision in District of Columbia v. Heller reflect
Answer:
The Second Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees the right to keep and bear arms, has been the subject of much debate and interpretation. Two main views of the Second Amendment have emerged: the collective rights view and the individual rights view.
The collective rights view holds that the Second Amendment guarantees the right of states to maintain a well-regulated militia, rather than an individual's right to bear arms. According to this view, the amendment was intended to ensure that states could defend themselves from a potentially tyrannical federal government. Supporters of the collective rights view argue that the amendment does not guarantee an individual's right to own firearms for personal use, such as for hunting or self-defense. The collective rights perspective is that the Second Amendment was only created to make sure that states would have a well-armed militia to protect themselves from the potential oppression from the federal government, and not to protect individual citizens' right to keep and bear arms.
The individual rights view, on the other hand, holds that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual's right to own firearms for personal use, such as for hunting or self-defense. According to this view, the amendment was intended to ensure that individuals have the means to defend themselves against criminals and government tyranny. Supporters of the individual rights view argue that the amendment guarantees an individual's right to own firearms, regardless of whether they are part of a state militia or not. They argue that the purpose of the Second Amendment is to guarantee that citizens have the right to protect themselves, their families and their property, and that the right is not limited to the context of a militia.
The Supreme Court's decision in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) reflected the individual rights view. In this case, the Court struck down a D.C. law that banned handguns and required that other firearms be kept unloaded and disassembled or trigger-locked. The Court held that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual right to own firearms for personal use, such as for self-defense in the home, and that the D.C. law violated this right. The Court's decision effectively established that the Second Amendment guarantees an individual's right to own firearms for personal use, and not just the right of states to maintain a well-regulated militia.
What is the dictatorial government?
A dictatorship is a structure of government where a single individual or team of humans wield power barring any barriers to constitutional authority.
What is an instance of a dictatorship government?Nazi Germany under Hitler and the Soviet Union under Stalin are the leading examples of cutting-edge totalitarian dictatorships.
In a dictatorship the authorities tightly controls all elements of the kingdom and will regularly ban or tightly manage companies and meetings. A dictatorship totally disregards the rights of individual citizens. The government and state will try to control all citizens thru laws, police, spying and force.
Dictatorship implies absolute energy one individual who takes manipulate — of a political situation, a family, a study room or even a camping expedition.
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based on info gathered from articles . write a note on the role of Indian Air force during natural calamities like flood , etc
self defence , STD 9 Maharashtra board
During a natural disaster like an earthquake or flood, only the Indian air force is able to reach the severely damaged districts. Since the Indian Air Force uses airways as their primary mode of transportation, it is simpler for them to get to remote locations for rescue operations and to meet basic demands.
What does Indian Air Force mean in plain English?
The Indian Military's air force is known as the Indian Air Force. As a member of the military forces of the British Empire, the Royal Indian Air Force was established on April 1st, 1932. India eliminated the word "Royal" from its name in 1950, after gaining independence.
What part does the Air Force play in natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, and droughts, for example?
Climate relief is also provided by the Air Force. It supported relief efforts in the wake of natural catastrophes including the cyclone that hit Gujarat in 1998, the tsunami that hit the region in 2004, and the floods in North India.
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the people of quebec are destinguished from residents of neighboring canadian provinces and the United States because they
The people of Quebec are distinguished from residents of neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States because they possess a different intellect.
For purposes of convenience in this article, Francophone residents of Quebec are generally referred to as Québécois, while all neighboring residents of the province are called Quebecers. As the only French-speaking region of North America, Quebec is unlike anywhere else on the continent. The majority of the population consists of French Canadians, the descendants of 17th-century French settlers who have resisted centuries of pressure to assimilate into Anglo society.
Quebec is known for its rich settlement history, its predominantly French-speaking population, and its robust tourism industry. Its European feel and preservation of French culture set this province apart from its Canadian neighbors.
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In the sensorimotor stage, babies know using their ________ , so whatever they don't perceive doesn't exist for them
During the sensorimotor period, newborns learn through exploring their surroundings with their senses. Providing a variety of activities using the five senses assists kids in developing their sensory talents as they progress through the substages.
Some hobbies are completely safe for your toddler to investigate on their own. You'll want to be close by, but you might not need to see every second of play. For example, if you want to spend half an hour folding clothes at the kitchen table, open the kitchen cupboard containing the pots and pans and bang away with a wooden spoon. (However, be certain that the scenario is secure and that they will not be shattered by a big cast iron pot.)Different activities may need increased monitoring. For example, play dough might easily wind up in a child's mouth.
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Who is in the line of succession if something happens to both the president and the Vice President ?
The line of succession to the presidency of the United States is outlined in the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.
It is a legal mechanism that provides for the transfer of power should the current president and vice president become unable to serve.If something were to happen to both the president and vice president, the line of succession would begin with the Speaker of the House. The Speaker of the House is the leader of the majority party in the United States House of Representatives and is third in line to the presidency. If the Speaker of the House is unable or unwilling to serve, the line of succession moves on to the President Pro Tempore of the Senate. The President Pro Tempore is the leader of the majority party in the United States Senate and is fourth in line to the presidency.
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Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the role of government in order to protect individual rights
Police must have warrants to conduct most searches limits the role of government in order to protect individual rights.
In contrast to individual rights, which are held by an individual person, group rights, also referred to as collective rights, are rights that are held by a group as a whole rather than by each of its individual members.The freedom of expression, the right to practise one's religion, the right to one's privacy, and the right to possess property are a few examples of individual rights. With democracy, a form of governance in which the people hold the reins of power, individual rights are frequently related.Contrarily, liberty implies that every person has rights that should never be restricted by a majority, even in a democracy. the freedom from coercion or influence from the government to practise one's own religion, or no religion at all.To know more about individual rights here
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Which of the following social groups was NOT heavily involved in the progressive movement? a. Civil rights for blacks
b. Unskilled immigrant workers
c. Skilled workers under scientific management had to obey very detailed instructions
d. Muckrackers
Muckrakers' social groups were NOT heavily involved in the progressive movement.
Journalists and authors known as muckrakers worked to uncover wrongdoing in the government and big business during the Progressive Era. Muckrakers' reporting helped important pieces of legislation that increased consumer and labor safeguards come into law.
During the Progressive era, a group of writers known as muckrakers—among them Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, and Ida Tarbell—tried to draw attention to the social issues that large business, urbanization, and immigration had brought about in American society. The majority of the muckrakers were reporters.
Muckrakers brought attention to topics like official corruption, child slavery, and worker safety concerns. In the long run, their efforts helped eradicate child labor, achieve a shorter workweek, and better the lives of the poor by raising support for progressivism.
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Why is the Necessary and Proper Clause so debated?
Federalists claimed that the phrase would only allow the execution of powers that had already been provided by the constitution, despite concerns by anti-Federalists that it would give the federal government unlimited power.
The Articles of Confederation specify that "each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every authority, jurisdiction, and right, not expressly given by this Confederation" (emphasis added). Therefore, the Articles of Confederation's "express delegation" did not grant the Continental Congress any additional powers. Contrarily, no other section in the Constitution clearly grants Congress incidental powers; only the Necessary and Proper Clause does. The proposed language sparked debate during debates of the draft constitution, and those opposed to ratification of the constitution singled out its inclusion as a major grievance. James Madison agreed with Alexander Hamilton at the time, and he said in Federalist No. 44 that the phrase would make the constitution "a dead letter" without it.
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According to Lindemann, feminist epistemologistsargue that ________________________ is dependent on social position.
According to Lindemann, feminist epistemologists argue that knowledge is dependent on social position.
Instead, she encourages us to see feminism as being founded on gender issues—specifically, factors relating to the relative lack of authority that women generally possess in comparison to males. Which of the following is an issue with equality definition of feminism, according to Lindemann? that males continue to be the standard. A theory that concentrates on how individuals really act is psychological egoism.In order to study how gender norms and inequalities are reinforced, feminist theory use the conflict approach. According to conflict theory, stratification is unhealthy and dysfunctional in society, perpetuating inequality since it helps the powerful and wealthy just at expense of the poor. The theoretical underpinnings of international relations, according to feminists, are founded on archaic male-female dichotomies.
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With these lines, the playwright tells the audience that although Theseus and Hippolyta are about to be married, their wedding ceremony most likely took place during a _____.
With these lines, the playwright tells the audience that although Theseus and Hippolyta are about to be married, their wedding ceremony most likely took place during a skirmish between armies.
Greek mythological characters Theseus and Hippolyta served as inspiration for the characters in "A Midsummer Night's Dream." The events leading up to Theseus and Hippolyta's wedding are described in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Shakespearean comedies place a lot of emphasis on weddings.
Weddings are typically where it all comes together at the end of a play that is typically full of comic conflict or chaos. The conflict in the play is resolved, and it suggests that everybody will live a happy life ever after. Numerous Greek myths feature Theseus as a hero and a beloved Athens king. The legendary Hippolyta ruled the martial women's nation of the Amazons.
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What are the advantages of a republic government?
There are several advantages to a republican administration. A few of these are equity, shared welfare, citizen freedom and prosperity, equal citizen engagement, and the growth of social justice.
What traits make a government in the republic?A republican government is one in which the electorate, either directly or indirectly, holds the ultimate power and passes legislation that serves both the needs of the electorate and the general welfare. The political viability of conservatism would be demonstrated by the establishment of America.
The United States, Mexico, India, France, Kenya, South Korea, Peru, and Indonesia are just a few of the numerous true republics in the world. Simply because they do not have a monarch (a king or queen) serving as their head of state, some countries refer to themselves as republics. They are not always democracies.
What are the republican system of government's two disadvantages?Running Republican political systems can be expensive. Elections typically require and utilize a lot of resources. This may not be a positive thing in less developed nations. In smaller communities, Republicans are more successful at governing.
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Which of the following best describes the culture of science and how scientists work?
A. Scientists commonly repeat other scientists' experiments to verify their work.
B. Scientists attempt to prove their hypotheses.
C. Scientists commonly make subjective conclusions in their work.
D. Scientists develop hypotheses based solely on their own observations.
Option A: Scientists commonly repeat other scientists' experiments to verify their work best describes the culture of science and how scientists work.
A scientist's primary responsibility is to use scientific principles to describe the natural world. An experiment is performed to test an observation once you made it as a scientist. If the outcomes don't support your hypothesis, you draw the proper conclusions or propose a fresh hypothesis to test. Scientists frequently examine the research of other scientists and test their hypotheses. Thus, option A is the correct answer.
Since the scientific culture promotes originality, independence of thinking, and dissent, it challenges ingrained societal norms. Free inquiry, free thought, free speech, tolerance, and the readiness to resolve disagreements based on evidence are the safeguards for independence.
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Which privacy act safeguards information contained in private personnel records and mandates information safekeeping
The Privacy Act protects information contained in private personnel records and requires information storage 09-04-0006 DHHS Privacy Act.
Privacy law is the corpus of law that governs the collection, storage, and use of people' personally identifiable information, personal healthcare information, and financial information by governments, public or private organizations, or other persons. It also pertains to things like trade secrets and the responsibility that directors, executives, and employees have while handling sensitive information in the commercial sector. laws are evaluated in the context of an individual's privacy rights or reasonable expectation of privacy. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to privacy. These rights are interpreted differently in each nation and are not necessarily universal.
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Why is communication important for soldiers?
For soldiers, the importance of communication is to such higher extents that whenever the messages are to be conveyed within the military groups and camps, different modes of communication are used.
Different modes and forms of communication have been used by the soldiers within the military to convey and receive a number of formal messages with their mates. With changing needs and demands, different forms of communication have been brought into the effect by the soldiers and their military groups.
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What is the allegorical meaning of a cat in Animal Farm?
The cat in Animal Farm is an fable for the mortal tendency towards apathy and complacency.
In the novel, the cat serves as an illustration of a character who's content with her position in life and is apathetic in any kind of political exertion or revolutionary ideas. The cat is always sleeping and infrequently participates in the conditioning of the other creatures on the ranch. She's a symbol of those humans who are happy to let important individualities or systems rule over them without questioning their authority or taking action against them. The cat serves as a warning to compendiums about the troubles of complacency and apathy in the face of injustice and oppression.
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A psychological test designed to measure creativity is considered a reliable tool based on whether Group of answer choices the same subjects would score consistently over time. subjects who attain lower scores are actually less creative. it accounts for different concepts of creativity. testing conditions affect the performance of subjects.
A psychological test designed to measure creativity is considered a reliable tool based on whether the same subjects would score consistently over time.
Psychological tests are an invaluable tool used by psychologists and mental health professionals to help identify mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. The tests are also used to measure personality traits, problem solving skills, and more.
Generally, they consist of a series of questions, statements, or tasks that are designed to measure a person's psychological attributes. These tests are essential to help clinicians get an accurate understanding of their patients and to provide the best possible treatment plan.
Hence, the correct option is "First".
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'Evil & suffering proves God is unloving' (12)
write a judgement/conclusion based on your argument.
Evil and suffering proves God is unloving because, it is believed that if God is good and loving, he would not let certain things happen in his watch.
Why do people who believe in God still suffer?The dynamics of earth and certain power play are the reasons why people are known to still suffer pains and endure a lot in the face of a God.
It is believed that if God is loving, then he would not let certain things to continue to happen., Especially to those that have remained loyal to him on earth. In the face of all that go on. People start to doubt his existence.
While some start to ponder on if they are doing what is right. In conclusion, some would lose their faith and just go with the belief that God is unloving.
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What percentage of wealth belonged to the wealthiest 1 percent of US citizens?
According to Federal Reserve data, the top 1% of households in the United States had 32.3% of the nation's wealth as of Q4 2021, while the lowest 50% held 2.6%.
Inequality of wealth has significantly expanded in the US during the last few decades. The percentage of persons can be determined in a variety of ways. About 35% of all wealth is owned by the wealthiest people. What proportion of US individuals' wealth belonged to the top 1% in 2010? According to the studies that were conducted, the top 1% of the entire population is reported to hold almost 50% of the country's wealth. 32.1 percent, or roughly, hold that position, while 9 percent held approximately The unequal distribution of assets among Americans is known as wealth inequality in the country. The values of any residences, cars, personal belongings, businesses, savings, and investments, as well as any related debts, are frequently considered to be part of one's wealth.
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Answer:B
Explanation:
35%
According to DoD Directive 6495.01, sexual assault is defined as intentional sexual contact, characterized by the use of: Select all that apply.
According to DoD Directive 6495.01, assault is defined as intentional contact, characterized by the use of Force , Abu-se of Authority .
The main objectives of the Assault Prevention and Response (SAPR) Program are to stop assault from occurring in our community and to assist victims of assault when one is reported. The SAPR program offers private, round-the-clock services.
Innocence, consent, and insanity are the three basic defenses that can be used to refute a accusation. Innocence. A basic defense for all crimes, including and assault, is the assertion of innocence. Simply claiming that the defendant did not commit the purportedly unlawful act is the innocence defense.
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Adolescence is marked by the onset of. A. an identity crisis. B. parent-child conflict. C. the concrete operational stage. D. puberty.
According to question, Adolescence is marked by the onset of an Puberty .
Option D is correct
A protracted growth stage between infancy and maturity that leads to a maturational process that involves significant changes in one's physical, psychological, cognitive, and social abilities.
Puberty begins at the start of adolescence, which is characterized by growth spurts, voice changes, the emergence of sexual features, and issues with the complexion. Between the ages of 10 and 19, adolescence is the stage of life between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers grow quickly in terms of their physical, cognitive, and emotional development.
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