Which one of the following answers is not one of Koch’s postulates on causality? a. The organism must be observed in every case of disease.
b. The organism must be isolated and grown in pure culture. c. The pure culture must, when inoculated into a susceptible animal, reproduce the disease. d. The organism, must be observed in, and recovered from, the experimental animal. e. The organism must produce a dose-response relationship.

Answers

Answer 1

Koch's postulates on causality are not one of the following replies; the organism must be monitored in every case of sickness.

What is excluded from Koch's postulates?

Viruses (which are obligatory intracellular parasites) and asymptomatic carriers are more recent notions in microbial pathogenesis that cannot be studied using Koch's postulates.

The one that best explains Koch's postulate?

These are Koch's postulates: Each and every instance of the sickness must be caused by the bacteria. The germs must be separated from the diseased host and raised in pure culture. If a healthy susceptible host is infected with a pure culture of the bacteria, the specific sickness must be replicated.

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Related Questions

How do DNA and mRNA vaccines produce spike proteins ? Drag each item into the correct category.


1. mRNA

______________________

2. DNA

_______________________

3. Both

_____________________



A. Has an artificial membrane to allow it into the human cell

B.completes the translation process to create spike proteins that mimic SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins

C.Is brought into a cell through an inactivated adenovirus

D.completes transcription prior to translation

Answers

DNA and mRNA vaccines produce spike proteins by completing the translation process to create spike one or more long mRNA will enter the muscle cells to create spike protein

mRNA uses muscles cells to produce spike proteinsThe DNA is recognized by the host's cell which produces the proteins Both uses cells to produce proteins

What are proteins?

Proteins simply refers to those class of

any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds which have large molecules composed of chains of amino acids

So therefore, DNA and mRNA vaccines produce spike proteins by completing the translation process to create spike one or more long mRNA will enter the muscle cells to create spike protein

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Read each question carefully, and answer yes or no to each one. At the end of each section, follow the directions to score your answers (pay close attention as the directions for scoring may change for each section). After you complete the entire assessment, total the points from all seven sections. This will give you a total health score. The higher the score, the more healthy your lifestyle. If you feel you have a low score, look back through the assessment and identify areas where you can change your unhealthy habits, and explain what changes you would make and why. Write your assessment in the essay box below.

Section 1: Physical Fitness

Section 2: Family History

Section 3: Hygiene and Medical Care

Section 4: Nutrition

Section 5: Drug Use

Section 6: Safety

Section 7: Emotional and Social Health

Total Health Score: ____

Answers

Answer:

Section 1: Physical Fitness

Do you exercise or play a sport for at least 30 minutes three or more times a week? Yes

Do you stretch before and after exercising? No

Do you warm up before exercising and cool down afterward? No

Do you think that you are at a healthy weight? Yes

Are you mostly happy with the way your body looks and feels? Yes

Do you think you have enough energy? Yes

Give yourself one point for each No response and two points for each Yes response. Section score: _10___

Section 2: Family History

Do you have a family member who:

has high blood pressure? Yes

has diabetes? Yes

has heart disease? No

has cancer? Yes

is extremely overweight? No

Give yourself one point for each Yes response and two points for each No response. Section score: ___7_

Section 3: Hygiene and Medical Care

Do you floss your teeth every day? Yes

Do you brush your teeth at least twice a day? Yes

Do you visit the dentist at least once a year? Yes

Do you use sunscreen? No

Do you know basic first aid? Yes

Are all your immunizations current? Yes

Do you get your vision and hearing checked each year? Yes

Do you see the doctor for a check-up once each year? Yes

Do you feel you get enough sleep at night? Yes

Do you know the warning signs for cancer? No

Give yourself one point for each No response and two points for each Yes response. Section score: _18___

Section 4: Nutrition

Do you eat a lot of red meat or eggs? No

Do you add salt to your food? Yes

Do you add sugar to your food? Yes

Do you eat a lot of high-fat or high-sugar foods? Yes

Do you add butter or cheese to your food? Yes

Do you choose fried foods more often than baked or broiled foods? Yes

Do you drink caffeinated drinks, such as coffee or sodas? Yes

Do you skip meals? No

Give yourself one point for each Yes response and two points for each No response. Section score: _10___

Section 5: Drug Use

Do you smoke or chew tobacco? No

Do you drink alcohol? No

Have you ever used marijuana or other illegal drugs? No

Have you ever abused a prescription drug? No

Give yourself zero points for each Yes response and two points for each No response. Section score: __8__

Section 6: Safety

Have you ever ridden with drivers who were under the influence of alcohol or drugs? No

Have you ever ridden with drivers who speed or disobey traffic laws?no

Do you ever forget to wear your seat belt? No

Do you ever forget to wear a helmet when riding a bike or skateboarding? No

Do you ever play with matches or hazardous materials? No

Is there a gun in your house? No

Give yourself zero points for each Yes response and two points for each No response. Section score: __12__

Section 7: Emotional and Social Health

Do you have hobbies or activities that you enjoy? Yes

Do you give your best effort when doing your work? Yes

Do you find it easy to laugh? Yes

Do you express anger in an appropriate way? Yes

Do you easily fall asleep at night? Yes

Do you share personal problems with someone you trust? Yes

Do you feel well-liked by others? Yes

Do you have someone you can turn to if you need help? Yes

Are your family members and close friends in good health? Yes

Are you generally happy? Yes

Give yourself one point for each No response and two points for each Yes response. Section score: _20___

Total Health Score: __85__

This is mine so it's not going to be accurate for you but please can I get a brainliest.

In comparing the behavior of a 10,000 and 45,000 molecular weight protein using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration column chromatography, which of the following statements is most likely to be true. Assume other proteins are single polypeptide chains with no disulfide bonds.

a. The smaller protein will migrate (move) faster relative to the larger protein in SDS-PAGE but slower in gel filtration.
b. The smaller protein will migrate (move) slower relative to the larger protein in both SDS-PAGE and gel filtration
c. The smaller protein will migrate (move) faster relative to the larger protein in both SDS-PAGE and gel filtration
d. The smaller protein will migrate slower (move) relative to the larger protein in SDS-PAGE but faster in gel filtration

Answers

Answer:

a. The smaller protein will migrate (move) faster relative to the larger protein in SDS-PAGE but slower in gel filtration.

Explanation:

Gel filtration chromatography is a technique of chromatography in which particles facilitate separation based on molecular size. The larger protein come out of the column and form gel permeation chromatograph. The smaller proteins move faster to migrate from the column.

What are 3 questions that might be answered by studying earth and space science

Answers

Three questions that might be answered by studying earth/space science include the analysis of biotic factors, the presence of underground rivers and lithium in a mountain.

What is Earth science?

Earth science is a scientific field that deals with Earth's characteristics, including biological features.

Earth science is aimed at comprehending how biological factors are maintained on the Earth planet.

In conclusion, questions that might be answered by studying earth/space science include biotic factors, underground rivers and lithium.

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Hello! I am having trouble identifying the following images. I am unsure of what type of fungi or mold the organism is. Please share with me what you would identify it as and why. I would appreciate any feedback.

Answers

Be informed that the organism in the image which appeared above is a multicellular mold.

It can also be identified by its morphology in the culture medium

What are fungi?

These are eukaryotic organisms which obtain their food heterotrophically. This means that they cannot obtain their food through the process of photosynthesis.

Generally, fungi could be either:

Unicellular i.e, singe celledMulticellular

In conclusion, the organism in the image which appeared above is a microscopic mold.

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What is the role of the EPA in water purification?
It provides guidelines to implement cleaning projects.
It forms laws and rules.
It deploys personnel for water purification.
It finds sources of freshwater.

Answers

B, it forms laws and rules for clean water and regulations

2. How is modeling useful to scientists?

Answers

Answer:

scientific modeling, the generation of a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon that is difficult to observe directly. Scientific models are used to explain and predict the behaviour of real objects or systems and are used in a variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and the Earth sciences. 

The process of creating an mRNA strand from one side of DNA is called:

A. Protein synthesis
B. Transcription
C. DNA replication
D. Translation

Answers

Answer:

It is TRANSCRIPTION option (b)

ANSWER:

B. transcription

Which of the following is associated with schizophrenia?

Reduced fluid-filled sacs
Less gray matter
More brain tissue
"Normal" brain chemistry

Answers

Less gray matter is associated with schizophrenia and is denoted as option B.

What is Grey matter?

These are usually darker tissues which are found in the brain and spinal cord. They contain a rich network of neurons present.

This is therefore the reason why schizophrenia is associated with mental health.

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Answer:

B. Less gray matter.

Explanation:

Took the test and got it right.

Have a nice day!

mike is studying the phylogenetic tree for big cats. He made several statements about the tree. which statement is not true

Answers

Answer:

D. The leopard is more closely related to the tiger than to the snow leopard.

Explanation:

Leopards are more related to snow leopards than tigers.

Brainliest, please :)

Using the strand mRNA below along with either of the codon charts, place the amino acids in the correct order.

Strand mRNA & codón chart: photo 2&3


1?
2?
3?
4?
5?
6?
7?
8?
9?
10?

Answers

Codons are triplets of nucleotides found on mRNA which code for particular amino acids .

What are codons?

Codons are triplets of nucleotides found on mRNA which code for particular amino acids.

In an mRNA, strands, the first three codons, AUG code for the amino acid methionine.

Similarly, the codons GCA codes for alanine, CCA codes for proline.

In conclusion, given an mRNA strand, the amino acids coded by the codons can be deduced.

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Why will other ecosystems be affected if freshwater ecosystems dry up?
Other ecosystems will lose access to fresh water.
Other ecosystems will lose the species that live there.
Other ecosystems will be flooded.
Other ecosystems will have to rely on salt water

Answers

Answer: a

Explanation:

What process has increased pollutants and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? geothermal heat
production hydroelectric
power production
using biomass fuels
burning fossil fuels

Answers

Burning fossil fuels has increased pollutants and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

What consequences do fossil fuel burning have on the environment?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are produced when fossil fuels are burned; this process is referred to as "combustion".

Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past century (CO2). This rise is brought on by the burning of coal or oil, which produces CO2 when airborne carbon and oxygen mix. When fossil fuels are burned, nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere and help to create smog and acid rain. Nitrogen oxides are the collective name for the most prevalent nitrogen-related substances released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity.

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Which of the following greenhouse gases result from burning fossil fuels?
A. carbon dioxide.
B. methane
C. nitrous oxide.
D. All of these choices are correct.

Answers

Answer:

D. All of these choices are correct.

Explanation:

Greenhouse gases are gases that are trapped in the Earth's atmosphere and absorb energy. These gases, which include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, are all released when fossil fuels are burned.

function of mitochondria???​

Answers

Answer:

Powerhouse of the cell, creates ATP (energy for the cell).

Explanation:

2. What structure caused rotifers to be called wheel animals or wheel bearers?
1 the foot
2 the corona
3 the brain
4 the stomach

Answers

The structure that caused rotifers to be called wheel animals or wheel bearers is the corona.

Rotifers are also known as wheel animals or wheel bearers because of the corona structure around their mouth region.

Some rotifers are sessile and live inside tubes or gelatinous holdfasts that are attached to a substrate. Other rotifers migrate around a substrate through inch worming.

This is because when corona is seen in a sequential coordinated movement, it resembles the structure of a wheel, although it does not rotate in reality.

Therefore, we conclude that rotifers are called wheel animals or wheel bearers due to the presence of the corona structure.

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Every plant has structures that function to help the plants survive. How does phototropism help a plant to survive.

A. The plant grows toward the sun so that its leaves can better make food.

B. It helps the plant leaves to eat the roots

C. It helps the plant drink nutrients

D. It helps the roots grow down to the dirt.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

more light energy means more photosynthesis = more food for the plant

Maintaining blood glucose levels is an important homeostatic activity of the body, not specifically because every cell of the body must have glucose but primarily because the brain relies on glucose for its metabolism.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

a. True.

Explanation:

Even though the cells in our body rely on glucose as a source of energy, they can replace glucose's energy with lipids or proteins' energy. In the brain's case, this is not possible since the blood-brain barrier, which is a highly selective barrier between the blood and the extracellular fluid in the central nervous system, allows the passage of glucose as the only source of energy. This is why maintaining the correct levels of glucose is crucial for the metabolism in the brain.

15. What's the requirement of every single natural process on Earth?
O A. Oil
O B. Trees
O C. Sunlight
O D. Energy source
O Mark for review (Will be highlighted on the review page)
<< Previous Question
Next Question >>

Answers

15. What's the requirement of every single natural process on Earth?

answer: Energy source

Give one function for this structure

Answers

We are very happy to let you know that one function of the structure labelled from the image given here is that:

It is used for se- x -ual intercourse

In addition to the function above, the structure is also used for urination. That is, it used to pass out urine from the body

The structure is s it the pe- nis ( the male reproductive organ )

What is reproduction?

Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living organisms which involves the giving birth to the young ones alive or reproduction of new offsprings

So therefore, we are very happy once again to let you know that one function of the structure labelled from the image given here is that:

It is used for se- x-ual intercourse

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Biology & Behavior: Evolution & Genetics
Why people behave the way they do?

Answers

People behave the way they do because of situation as well as genetics.

Why people behave the way they do?

People behave as they do in response to the way they are treated by other people as well as in response to situation. In their behaviour, they have also a genetic factor that influence their behaviour.

So we can conclude that people behave the way they do because of situation as well as genetics.

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1. a) Two nerve cells are shown below. In the drawing, label an axon, a dendrite, and a nucleus. Also
indicate where a
neurotransmitter would act. (4 points)

Answers

A nerve cell consists of a cell body or soma, a main fiber (axon) and many small branches (dendrites).

What is a neuron?A neuron or nerve cell forms the basic unit of brain and nervous system.These cells receive stimulus from the external world, relay the information to brain and help to generate a response.The neurons communicate with each other via special connections called synapses where they release neurotransmitter.A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites (brings information), and a single axon (send information away from neurons).The dendrites and axon branch out from the cell body.Cell body contains nucleus and specialized organelles.At the tip of axon are axon terminals where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signal across the synapse to other cell.

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Carrying capacity is the
population size of
the species that the environment
can sustain indefinitely, given
environmental necessities.
A. minimum
B. median
C. mean
D. maximum

Answers

Answer:

C. Mean

Explanation:

sir / ma your question isn't clear. That aside.

to know how population size of species affect the sustainability we find the mean carrying size(just a guess)


If a koala bear has sixteen pairs of chromosomes, what are the possible
combinations of genes that will be represented?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

All vombatid species have 2n = 14 chromosomes; the koala has 2n = 16, which G-banding studies suggest is derivable from a wombat-like karyotype by means of a simple centric fission in the equivalent of the submetacentric wombat second autosomal element

Which combinations of DNA could be present in a transgenic organism?
1. invertebrate animal DNA in mammal DNA
2. prokaryotic DNA in plant DNA
3. plant DNA in animal DNA
A) 2 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 2 and 3 only
E) 1, 2 and 3

Answers

The correct option is D) 2 and 3 only

2. prokaryotic DNA in plant DNA

3. plant DNA in animal DNA

What is a transgenic organism?

Transgenic refers to an organism or cell whose genome has lived changed by the introduction of one or more additional foreign DNA series from another species by synthetic means. Transgenic organisms are generated in the laboratory for analysis purposes.

Transgenic has been used in genetic investigations for an extended time. They were used to indicate that DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic code and that oncogenes can induce cancer. Transgenic animals have been generated to comprehend normal physiological processes such as metabolism and blood cell presentation. Transgenic animals have lived operated to model human diseases and to create new treatments. Transgenic crops include been produced that stand resistant to communicable diseases and grow faster.

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NEED ANSWER ASAP The presence of a large population of water lice in a water source indicates what about its pollution levels?
A. Organic pollution is moderate but declining. Oxygen levels are just beginning to increase.
B. Oxygen is plentiful, organic pollution is nearly absent.
C. Organic pollution is very high and oxygen has been depleted.
D. Oxygen levels are moderate, organic pollution is present but low.

Answers

The presence of a large population of water lice in a water source indicates that organic pollution is moderate but declining. Oxygen levels are just beginning to increase (option A).

What are indicator species?

Indicator species are living organisms that tells us about the pollution status of our environment (water, air, land) by being absent or present.

Examples of indicator species are as follows;

Water louse

Lichen

According to this question, there is an abundance of large population of water lice in a water body.

This could indicate that organic pollution is moderate but declining and oxygen levels are just beginning to increase because water lice are known to thrive in water bodies with moderate pollution.

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Decrease in a person's life span is an example of ____
A. Adverse health effects
B. Hazard
C. Incidents
D. Risk​

Answers

Answer: D. Occupational health and safety

MARK ME BRAINLIST

what are the disadvantages of union in data structures

Answers

Answer:

there is,always union in every structure

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is

Answers

Answer:

It is called metabolism.

You have a pea plant with a yellow pea phenotype but do not know if the genotype is homozygous (YY) or heterozygous (Yy). What type of cross would you do determine the genotype of this plant and what would be the predicted phenotypes of the offspring?

Answers

To determine the genotype of this plant, a test cross should be performed. The expected phenotypes of the descendants are yellow and green peas.

What does test-cross mean?

An F1 progeny is bred with a double (homozygous) recessive(green pea) mother generation to determine if an offspring is homozygous or heterozygous for a specific characteristic. A test cross is what this is called.

If the hybrid's mother is homozygous (YY) dominant, all of the hybrid's offspring will have the dominant (yellow) phenotype.

Mother yellow pea (YY)     x       green pea (yy)                 - P generation

                                  Y                            y                           - Gamete

                                   Yy (yellow) , Yy (yellow)                   -F1 generation

The ratio should be 1:1 if the mother is heterozygous dominant (Yy), in which case half of the kids will display the dominant phenotype, while the other half will display the recessive phenotype(yy).

Mother yellow pea (Yy)     x         green pea (yy)              -P generation

                                 Y, y                             y                       - Gamete

                                 Yy (yellow) , yy (green)                       -F1 generation

The conclusion drawn from the foregoing explanation is that in order to determine the genotype of the pea plant, a test cross should be conducted. The expected progenies are - yellow and green peas.

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Can the sides of a triangle have lengths 2, 4, and 7? A $298 petty cash fund has cash of $32 and receipts of $247. The journal entry to replenish the account would include credit to Petty Cash for $247. debit to Cash for $247. debit to Petty Cash for $266. credit to Cash for $266. For the equation y = -2/5 x + 2, explain what x -values would be best to choose for making a table of ordered pairs. Be sure to explain why. what is nanotechnology ? A(n) ____________ carries the most energy and sense of movement Water falls without splashing at a rate of 0.400 L/s from a height of 2.20 m into a 0.720-kg bucket on a scale. If the bucket is originally empty, what does the scale read 3.60 s after water starts to accumulate in it can someone please help mee (will give brainliest 20 points!!!) If a sperm cell contains 6 chromosomesit must have come from an original parent cell that contained chromosom Which factor that helped hoover get elected president also helped him during the great depression? You have a computer with three hard disks. A RAID 0 volume uses space on Disk 1 and Disk 2. A RAID 1 volume uses space on Disk 2 and Disk 3. Disk 2 fails. Which of the following is true Johnny is starting a zoo. His favorite animals are lions, tigers and snakes. These are the only animals in the zoo and he has them in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. If he has a total of 50 animals in the zoo, how many snakes does he have?* 6. Selection of Incident Commanders is done by the: How is a c-snp or d-snp member's care management health risk levels determined initially? Aseries of images displayed in sequence to create the illusion of movement is called ______________ . Choose the two answers that are solutions to the equation. (X+7)^2=121A. x=4B. x=-18C. x=18 D. x=-4 Under general anesthesia, a provider excises one chalazion from each upper eyelid. What cpt and icd-10-cm codes are reported? Positive selection tests to see if the ______ of a T-lymphocyte can recognize and bind to an MHC molecule. NEED HELP I WILL FAILYou are an anthropologist analyzing bone remains from the grave of an ancient female human. Within one of the bones, you find an unusually high concentration of collagen. What does this suggest about the ancient female? (2 points)She broke a bone and then died before it was fully healed.She broke a bone and then died a few hours later.She broke a bone at a very young age, but it fully healed.She broke a bone at a very young age, but it did not fully heal. What is formed when 2 or more elements combine chemically Use Green's Theorem to evaluate the line integral. Orient the curve counterclockwise unless otherwise indicated. Integrate c ln(x+y)dx-x^2 dy where C is the rectangle with vertices (1,1), (3,1), (1,4), and (3,4).